Thye hien tdt theo nhtmg ehi din vd viec "phii hgc tinh thin ciia chit nghTa Mic - Lgnin, hgc tap lap trudng, quan digm vi phuong phip ciia chii nghTa Mic - Lgnin dg ip dyng lap t[r]
Trang 1s y NGHIEP VA TU" TU'ONG HO CHi MINH
HOC TAP CACH NOI VA VIET CUA HO CHJ MINH
TRONG CONG TAC GIAO DUC LY LU.AN CHINH TRI
NGUYEN THUY DlTC*
Cdng tie giio dye ly luan chinh tri ed
vai trd rit quan trpng trong giic ngd
each mang, ning eao nhan thire chinh tri,
thdng nhit y chi vi hinh ddng cua cin bd,
ding vidn vi nhin din nham thye hidn thang
lpi dudng ldi, nhiem vy cich mang do Ding
de ra Theo Hd Chi Minh, giio dye ly luan
chinh tri li giio dye chinh tri, truydn ba chii
nghTa Mic - Lenin, nang cao dao dire cich
mang cho cin bd, dang vidn vi quan chimg
nhan dan, nham thdng nhit vd tu tudng, y chi,
pham chit cich mang vi nang lyc boat ddng
thye tidn ciia hp, hudng din hp van dung
nhimg hidu bigt ay vio eudc sdng Cd ly luin
chinh tri Mic - Lenin soi dudng thi quin
chiing nhin dan hinh ddng mdi dimg dan,
mdi phit tridn tii nang vi lyc lugng vd tin
ciia hp Chinh vi vay ndi dung ciia cdng tic
giio due ly luan chinh tri li rat rdng va cd
nhidu hinh thirc, lam cho ein bd ding vidn
nam dugc mdt cich co bin ly luan Mic
-Ldnin, dudng ldi, quan didm, chii truong,
chinh sach, nghi quygt ciia Ding vi cita Nhi
nudc, nhu thdng qua cie ldp hgc tip ly luan
* Bao tane Hd Chi Minh
nhung sinh boat ehinh tri tridn khai nghj quygt eiia Ding, nhung bio cio chuygn dg ly luin ehinh tri,
Giio due hpc tap ly luan khdng phii giao didu timg cau, timg chti ma phii nam vung lap trudng quan diem, phuong phap, tinh than cich mang dd phin tich vi giai quydt cic van
dg cu thg ciia cich mang nude ta Theo Hd Chi Minh, trong cdng tic giio dye ly luan khdng ndn vigt dii, ndi nhidu trim tupng ma phii ndi ngan gpn ed dpng, him siic sinh ddng thi quin ehiing mdi hieu, mdi nhd, mdi
dd lam theo
Dac trung ciia giao due chinh tri la tinh khai quit cao ed ndi dung bao quat ca mdt nguydn ly, mdt chidn luge, nhung Hd Chi Minh thudng thau tdm trong mdt ciu ndi de hidu, dg nhd nhung eing ngim eing tham thia Ddi vdi Ngudi, nhung van dd ly luan trim tupng dugc dign dat rat giin di dg hieu,
vi dy dinh nghTa vg chii nghTa xa hdi "la mpi ngudi cimg ra sire lao ddng sin xuat de dupe
an no mac am va cd nha cua sach se" Nhung bai ndi, bai vidt ciia Chii tjeh Hd Chi Minh ludn cd sire thuydt phuc manh me va dat duge sy tham thia Cich dien dat trong bai ndi, bii vidt ciia Ngudi ludn cd su phii hpp
Trang 2SU' NGHIEP VA TU' TU'ONG H 6 CHI MINH
vdi trinh dp nhan thire, sy hidu bidt vi cich
suy nghT cua timg ddi tupng ngudi dpe, ngudi
nghe va hpp vdi timg hoan einh giao tidp cu
thg Ngdn ngir phong phu, da dang nhung cic
bii ndi, bai vidt ciia Ngudi ludn dat myc dich
khdng chi lam cho ngudi dpe, ngudi nghe
hidu vd didu dugc ndi, dugc vidt, mi cdn tie
ddng tich eye ddn ngudi nghe, ngudi dpe, lim
hp thay ddi nhan thirc, y nghT, ttr dd lim thay
ddi hinh vi ciia hp, hudng hp vao hanh dpng
theo nhin thire mdi
Cd thd thay nhimg dae diem ndi bat trong
eic bii ndi vi vidt ciia Hd Chi Minh:
Thif nitdt, xdc dinh dung vd trung doi
tugng Hd Chi Minh can dan: "bao gid ciing
phii ty hdi: Vidt cho ai xem? Ndi cho ai
nghe? Neu khdng vay thi ciing nhu cd y
khdng mudn cho ngudi ta nghe, khdng mudn
cho ngudi ta xem Ngudi tuydn truygn
khdng didu tra, khdng phin tich, khdng
nghidn cim, khdng bidu biet quan chiing, chi
gap sao ndi vay, ba gi vidt nay, nhat dinh thit
bai Chang nhiing cic ngudi phy trich tuyen
truygn, nhung ngudi vigt bio, vigt sich,
nhtmg ngudi nghe sT la nhtmg ngudi tuygn
truv'gn, ma tat ci cin bp, dang vign, hg nhtmg
ngudi cd tigp xuc vdi quan chiing dgu li
ngudi tuygn truygn ciia Ding Vi vay ai cting
phai hpc ndi, nhat la hpc ndi cho quan chiing
higu"' Trong timg tinh hudng, vdi tung ddi
tupng, ngdn tir dugc Hd Chi Minh su dung rit
uydn chuydn Vdi ndng dan, Ngudi ndi theo
cich mdc mac, don so ma day thdi thiic:
"Rudng ray li chidn trudng
Cudc cay la vti khi
Nha ndng la chidn sy
Hau phuong thi dua vdi tidn phuang" Ngudi lam im long ddng bio mien Nam trong nhung ngiy dau khang chien chdng thye dan Phip bSng sy khang dinh: "Ddng bao Nam Bd la din nudc Viet Nam Sdng cd the can, niii ed the mdn, song chan ly dd khdng bao gid thay ddi!"
Thif hai tinh chdn ihiiv Mdi bii ndi, bai
vidt cua Hd Chi Minh deu xuat phit tir thye te cupc sdng vdi nhung con sd, sy kidn eu thd da duge xem xet, kiem tra, chgn Igc, dem lai cho ngudi dpe ngudi nghe lugng thdng tin eao vi ehinh xic Sire thuydt phuc cao ciia nhimg bii ndi, bai viet ddi vdi ngucri nghe, ngudi dpe chinh li tinh chin thye Chan thye cting li ydu cau dau tign ciia Hd Chi Minh dat ra ddi vdi cin bg, ding vign khi ndi vi viet Ngudi thudng nhac nhd: vigt phii dung sy that, khdng dugc bia ra, "khdng ndn ndi iu",
"Chua didu tra, chua nghidn cim, chua bidt ro, chd ndi, chd vidt"'^
Thit ba, ngdn ggn co dgng, hdm sue, y nhiiu ldi it, khong co chd thita, ldi thita Dd
cung li kdt qui cdng phu ren luyen ciia Hd Chi Minh tir nhiing ngiy diu tham gia boat ddng chinh tri, lim bio cich mang Hd Chi Minh thudng khuyen ein bp ndi, viet ddu phai ngan ggn, thigt thye, di thang vao vin dg, trinh ba hoa, vigt vira dii vira rdng Trong tic
pham Sira doi loi ldm viec, Ngudi da danh ban mdt chuong vdi tidu di "Chdng thdi ba hoa"
dd phd phan kidu "ndi hang hai, ba gid ddng
hd Ndi mdnh mdng trdi dat Ndi gi ciing cd Nhung chi chira mdt dieu khdng ndi den li nhung vide thidt thye cho dia phuang dd, nhung vide mi din chung d dd can biet, can
Trang 3s y NGHIEP VA JU TU'ONG H 6 CHI MINH
hieu, can lam" vi ldi vidt dii "ddng niy qua
ddng khic, Uang niy qua trang khic"^ Ngudi
gpi dd li nhung can benh "ndi mdnh mdng" vi
"van rau mudng" Theo Hd Chi Minh ngan
gpn khdng cd nghTa li cau cyt, bdt y mi li phii
gpn gang, rd rang, cd diu, cd dudi, ed ndi dung
thidt thye, tham thia, chac chan Tir ngtr dugc
Hd Chi Minh sir dyng ludn xic ding ei ve y
nghTa vi sy thich hgp vdi hoan canh hay tinh
hudng giao tiep cu thg, cd in tugng rit manh
Vi du, ndi vg thdi tigu pha phung phi tign bac
ciia cdng, tinh ndi nhidu, lim it ciia can bd,
trong tic pham Sua doi loi ldm viec Ngudi
viet: "Sinh boat xa boa, tidu xii bira bai Tidn
bac dd d diu ra? Khdng xoay eiia Ding thi
xoay eua ddng bio Vide dg thi tranh lay cho
minh Viee khd thi dim cho ngudi khic Gap
viec nguy higm thi tim cich dg trdn trinh"^
Thir tu, trong sdng, gidn di, di hieu Qua
van phong Hd Chi Minh, ed thd thay rang
ngdn ngtr dti diing trong ndi hay vidt, deu phii
dim bio yeu cau: giin di, rd ring, sinh ddng
vi hip din, phii hgp vtii quing dai quan
chimg nhin din, de mpi ngudi dd hidu, dd nhd
va lim theo Ndi dimg dti phong phu, sau sac
ddn may, nhung ngudi nghe khdng thd hieu,
khdng the nhd, khdng the ip dyng dupe, thi
ciing vd bd, khdng thidt thye "Ndi ndm na de
cho ngudi ta dd higu, higu dg ngudi ta lam
dugc Khdng ndn liic nio cting trich Cie Mic,
cting trich Ldnin"^ Toin bp cic bai ndi, bii
viet ciia Hd Chi Minh ddu rat trong sing vd y
tudng va van phong, gian di trong cich trinh
biy vi dd hidu vdi ngudi nghe, ngudi dpe Tu
tudng Hd Chi Minh - dii dd li nhung van de
ciia eudc sdng chidn diu, lao ddng hing ngay
hay nhung vin de Idn cua dat nudc, ciia thdi dai - ddu den vdi mpi ngudi bing nhimg ngdn tir quen thude Theo Hd Chi Minh, mudn ndi mudn vidt dugc trong sing, gian di de hidu, trudc hdt phii thye sy hpc qu§n ehiing dd cd cich ndi, cich vigt dugc quin chiing chap nhin nhu nhung gi cita chinh hp Ngudi phg phin rat gay gat nhung ein bd dem "thang du gii tri" ra nhdi sp cho bi eon ndng dan; dem
"tin din chii nghTa" ra giio due cic em nhi ddng; giang vidn cir thao thao bit tuydt nao li ehii quan, khich quan, bien chimg mi khdng ehu y rang, nhung ngudi dy ldp huin luyen li nhung anh chi em din quan vira mdi xoi xong nan mil chir Trong cich ndi, cich vidt ciia minh, Hd Chi Minh thudng gian di hoi (khdng phai la sy don giin tam thudng) mpi van dd khd hidu Su gian dj, trong sing ciia Ngudi bat diu tir sy hieu bigt thiu dio bin chit ciia sy vat, tir sy gan bd vdi truygn thdng din tdc trong cdng viec, ngp nghT Dg viet vi ndi dugc trong sing gian dj, dg higu, Ngudi cdn chi ra rang phii chdng lai can benh hay ndi chir, ham diing chir, benh sinh diing chir nudc ngoii Benh lam dung chir nudc ngoii thi dti dimg dung cung da cd hai, neu dimg sai theo kigu ddt hay ndi chir thi cii hai eing Idn
Vdi Hd Chi Minh, ndi vi vidt da virgt qua gidi ban ciia ky nang sir dyng ngdn ttr thuin tiiy, trd thanh mdt nghd thuat vd cimg sinh ddng, thir nghd thuat giau khi nang chinh phuc, di thang vao long ngudi dpe, ngudi nghe Khi thi cu thd
va rit trye quan: "Dimg ngudi nhu dimg gd Ngudi thp kheo thi gd to, nho, thang, cong ddu tiiy chd mi dimg dupc", khi thi rat kidm ldi ma
Trang 4SU' NGHIEP VA TU" TU'ONG H 6 CHI MINH
lai la chan ly: "Khdng cd gi quy hon dpe lap, ty
do!", Ngudi thye sy la "bac thay" trong ndi
vi vidt Van phong gian di, dai chimg nhung
khdng tim thudng, cd dpng ham siic nhung
khdng he cao sieu ma lai rat tri tud
Ndi vi vidt la hai ky nang quan trpng ciia
con ngudi Mdi ngudi ddu phii ty trau ddi khi
nang ndi va vidt dd lim chii qui trinh tu duy
va nang cao hidu qui giao tidp Hpc ndi, hoc
vidt Cling la timg bude hoan thidn nang lyc
lam vide ciia mdi ei nhan Hai ky nang niy lai
eing quan trpng ddi vdi dpi ngii cin bd, ding
vidn, nhat li nhung nhi lanh dao, quin ly
Sinh thdi, Chii tich Hd Chi Minh quan tam
dae bidt ddn viec ren luyen cich ndi, cich vigt
nhu ren giua mpt thir cdng eu chuydn dyng vi
ludn ludn khuyen can bd, ding vidn, nhi bio,
nha van, ngudi lim cdng tic tuyen truyen thye
hien nhu vay Trong tinh hinh hien nay, dg
nang cao chat lupng cua cdng tic giio dye ly
luin chinh tri cho dpi ngti ein bp, ding vidn
vi hidu qui tuydn truydn giio dye quin chimg
nhin dan, can thidt phii hudng ddn vide hpc
tap cich ndi va each vigt cua Chii tich Hd Chi
Minh Tham nhuan tu tudng, tim guong
tuydn tuydn, giio due cua Chit tich Hd Chi
Minh, chac chan cdng tic tuyen truydn, giio
dye ly luan ehinh tri se dat dugc hidu qui eao,
gdp phan dua dit nudc phat tridn nhanh va
bdn vung
1 Hd Chi Minh Todn tap, CTQG, H, 2000,
T.8.tr.258
2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Sdd, T.5, tr 300-301, 306,
299-303.255, 130
QUAN DIEM HO CHI MINH
(Tiep theo trang 36)
Thye hien tdt theo nhtmg ehi din vd viec
"phii hgc tinh thin ciia chit nghTa Mic -Lgnin, hgc tap lap trudng, quan digm vi phuong phip ciia chii nghTa Mic - Lgnin dg
ip dyng lap trudng, quan digm vi phuang phip ay ma giii quygt cho tdt nhiing van de thye td trong cdng tic cich mang cua chiing ta"'^ ciia Hd Chi Minh, can bg dang vidn vi dpi ngii can bd ly luan ciia Ding se hdi tu dii tri tud vi bin ITnh, phuang phip va phong cich ngudi cpng sin mau myc, hdt long
"phyng sy Doin thd, giai cap vi nhan din, Td qudc va nhan loai" nhu Chu tich Hd Chi Minh timg mong mudn luc sinh thdi Dd li thidt
thye Hgc tap vd ldm theo tdm guang dgo ditc
Ho Chi Minh vi Ky niem 120 ndm ngdy sinh
Ho Chi Minh - Anh hiing gidi phong ddn tgc
vd Nhd vdn hod kiit xudt ciia Viit Nam
1, 10 Ho Chi Minh Todn tap, CTQG, H, 2000, T.9,
tr 292,292
2 V.I.Lenin Todn tap, Tien bo, M, 1975, T.6, tr 30-32 3,4, 5 H6 Chi Minh Todn tap, CTQG, H, 2000, T.3,
84,86,84-85
6, l,\2.Sdd, T 6, tr 166-167,46,46
8,9,11,14,18.5^3; T 8, tr 446,492,494,492,492
13 Xiy, T 5, tr 273 15.&i^T 10,tr 17
16 V.LLenin Todn tap, T\kn bo, M, 1978, T 1, tr.382
17 Ho Chi Minh - Anh himg gidi phong ddn tdc,
nhd vdn hoa Ion, NXB Khoa hoc xa hoi, H, 1995, tr 120
\Z:H6 Chi Mmh Todn tap, CFQG, H, 2000, tr.497