Van dung quan diem eua Ho Chf Minh ve cong tdc Iy luan, trong qua trinh ddi mdi Dang ta da rat coi trpng cdng tac ly luan va gido due Iy luan ehinh tri, ket hpp vdi tong ket thuc tie[r]
Trang 1SU' NGHIEP VA TU" TU'ONG HO CHi MINH
H O C m M O I H
v&i cong tdc gido due ly luan
ThS NGUYEN THI H A N G "
Lenin - ngudi thay efta each mang vo
san da khang dinh: "Khdng cd ly luan
cdch mang, thi khdng cd each mang van
dpng Chi cd theo ly luan each mang tien
phong, dang each mang mdi lam noi trdch
nhiem each mang tien phong"' Ho Chf Minh
coi ly luan "nhu cai ldm ehi nam, nd chi
hudng cho ehftng ta trong cdng viee thuc te
Khong cd ly luan thi liing tiing nhu nham
mat md di"^ Theo Hd Chf Minh, de hodn
thanh tdt mpi cdng viec phdi biet ket hpp
chat ehe gifta ly luan vdi thuc hanh Ngudi
phe phan cd hai trudng phai hoac chi coi
trpng kinh nghiem ma coi thudng ly luan
bode ehi coi frpng ly luan ma khong chft
trpng kinh nghiem thuc te Bdi "thuc tien
khong cd ly luan hudng dan thi thdnh thue
tien mu qudng Ly luan md khdng lien he vdi
thuc tien la ly luan sudng"^, "cd kinh nghiem
md khdng cd ly luan ciing nhu mpt mit sang,
mpt mat md", kem ly luan thi "gap mpi viec
khong biit xem xet cho rd, can nhie cho
dung, xu tri cho kheo Khong biit nhan rd
dieu kien hodn canh idiacb quan, y mmh nghi
the nao ldm the ay Kit qua thudng thit bai"^
Bdo tang Ho Chf Minh
Trong tdc pham Sica ddi ldi ldm viee Ho
Chi Minh neu ididi niem ve ly luan mpt cdch ngdn gpn, ro rang, de hieu, sue tfch:
"ly luan la dem thuc te trong lich sft, trong kinh nghiem, trong cac cupc tranh dau, xem xet, so sdnh that ky luong ro rang, lam thdnh ket luan Roi lai dem nd chiing minh vdi thuc ti Dd Id ly luan chan chfnh" Khdi niem dd efta Ngudi cho thay giua ly luan
va thuc tien cd mdi quan he mat thiet vdi nhau, trong dd thue tien ludn ddng vai trd
la CO sd cua ly luan
Hon ai bet, Hd Chi Minh la ngudi thau hieu dieu nay qua thue te each mang Viet Nam nhung nam 30 Trd lai nudc Nga sau nhung ngay thang bi giam cam trong nha tu efta de qudc Anh d Hong Kdng, trong Thu gfti Ban Phuong Ddng Qudc te Cpng san, ngdy 16-1-1935, Ngudi chi rd: "Cac ddng chi eua chung toi rat dung cam va hang hdi Cac dong ehi ay cdng tdc rat tan tuy Nhung vi thieu kien thftc ly luan, bupc cac ddng chf phai md mam tftng bude, luon luon vap vap vi thieu thdn nhu vay Tat nhien la cac ddng chf se dupc giao due ren luyen trong dau tranh va trong cdng tdc hang ngdy Nhung cd the tranh dupe biit
Trang 2SU' NGHIEP V A TU' TU'ONG HO CHI MINH
bao be tac, sai lam va biet bao that bai dau
ddn, neu chung ta ed the cung cap cho cac
ding chf ay nhimg kien thftc toi can thiet
vi ly luan soi dudng, tao dieu kien de dang
cho cac ddng ehi ay cdng tac"^
Trong qua trinh lanh dao each mang
Viet Nam, Hd Chf Minh luon chft trpng
cong tac ddo tao, boi duong, nang cao trinh
dp ly luan chp dpi ngu can bp, dang vien
Khi da tim thay dnh sang cua thdi dai, tim
thiy kim chi nam cho each mang, Ngudi
bit tay vdo thue hien nhiem vu, tim nhieu
bien phap de truyen bd ly luan dd vdo Viet
Nam NhQng ldp hpc d Quang Chau chinh
Id nhiing khda huan luyen cbfnh tri dau tien
do Ngudi trieu tap vdi tu each vua la ngudi
td chftc, vua la giang vien chfnh nham boi
duong ly luan chinh tri cho dpi ngu can bp
ndng cot rdi dua hp trd ve Viet Nam lam
hat nhan trong phong trao each mang Cung
vdi viee md ldp hpc, Ngudi quyet dinh ra
bdo, xuat ban sach de day manh cdng tdc
tuyen truyen Bao Thanh nien do Ngudi
sang lap, ra sd dau tien ngay 21-6-1925 tai
Quang Chau, trd thdnh ea quan ngdn luan
cua Hpi Viet Nam Cdch mang Thanh nien
Id cdng cu ddc luc trong viec truyen ba tu
tudng each mang tdi quan ehftng nhan dan
Nhiing bdi giang tai ldp huan luyen d
Quang Chau efta Ngudi dupe tap hpp lai
trong tdc pham Dudng kdeh menh, trd
thanh tdc pham ly luan chinh tri dau tien
eua cdch mang Viet Nam, thuc hien nhiem
vu truyen ba chft nghia Mdc - Lenin vdo
Viet Nam Cudn sdeh dupc chuyen ve Viet
Nam vd trd thdnh tai lieu gdi dau giuong, la
cam nang cho cac chiin sT each mang Viet
Nam thdi ky dung Dang Bao Thanh nien
va tac phim Dudng kdeh menh cua Hd Chf
Minh cd y nghTa ly luan quan trpng vdi each mang Viet Nam vd sir ra ddi eua Dang Cpng san Viet Nam
Nhan rd sir non kem vi ly luan cua can
bp, dang vien nhiing ngdy dau tham gia each mang Id mpt trong nhung nguyen nhan dan tdi ton that cho phong trdo each mang, sau nhihig thang ngdy bi giam cam trong nhd tu eua di qudc Anh tai Hong Kdng, trd lai Lien Xd, Hd Chi Minh dac biet quan tam viec nang cao trinh dp ly luan cho can bp, dang vien Ngudi da viet Thu gui Quoc te Cpng san, yeu cau xuat ban cac cudn sach gdm cac van de ve Dang, ve cac cupc each mang, td chuc each mang, cac td chftc qudc te, ve chu nghia de quoc, van de quan su, each xay dung lire lupng de phuc vu cho viec hpc tap ly luan cua cdn bp, dang vien De tao dieu kien cho viec hpc tap dupc thuan lpi, Ngudi edn nhac phai chu y den dieu kien
cu the nhu Idid khdn trong viec in sach, gift
va eat giiu sdeh, ve trinh dp van hda thip efta da sd cde ddng chf, nen chi xuit ban nhung cudn sdeh nhd, ngdn ngu diin dat rd rang, de hieu dii vdi quin chung Diiu dd
Iy gidi vi sao khi xuit ban cudn Dudng
kdeh menh, Ngudi da viit: "Sach ndy mudn
ndi cho vin tit, di hiiu, di nhd Chic cd ngudi se che ring van chuong cut qudn Vang! Day ndi viee gi thi ndi rit gian tien, mau min, chic ehdn nhu 2 lin 2 Id 4, khdng
td ve trang hoang gi ca Van chuong va hy
52 TAP CHl LICH SLF O A N G - SO 7/2010
Trang 3SU" NGHIEP VA TU' TU'O'NG HO CHI MINH
vpng sach nay chi d trong hai chft: Cach
menh! Cach menh!! Cach menh!!!"^
Chu trpng tdi cdng tac ddo tao Iy luan
chfnh tri, ngay sau khi each mang thdnh
cdng, trudng ddo tao can bp Iy luan cua
Dang - Trudng Dang Nguyen Ai Quoc
Trung uong (tiin than cua Hpc vien Chinh
tri - Hdnh chfnh Qudc gia Hd Chf Minh
ngay nay), da dupc thdnh lap But tfch cua
Chu tieh Hd Chf Minh luu trong So vdng
truyen thdng cua Trudng nhiing ddng chft
vfta chi rd mue dich cua viec hpc tap Iy
luan, vfta nhdc nhd nhiem vu hpc tap ddi
vdi mdi can bp, hpc vien: "Hpc de lam
viec, lam ngudi, lam can bp Hpc de phung
sir dodn the, Giai cap vd nhan dan, Td qudc
vd nhan loai"^ Nhiing Ian den tham va ndi
chuyen vdi hpc vien eua Trudng sau dd,
tham cac Idp chinh huan, ehinh quan,
Ngudi ludn nhan manh tam quan trpng efta
viec hpc ly luan, Trong Bao edo Chfnh tri
tai Dai hpi II eua Dang (1951), Ngudi
Idiang dinh: "hpc tap chu nghTa, dfti mai tu
tudng, nang cao Iy luan, ehinh din td chftc
la nhihig viec lam can kip cua Dang"
Budc vao thdi ky xay dung CNXH,
Dang ta vd Chu tich Hd Chi Minh cang chu
trpng hon cdng tac nay Trong Diin van
khai mac Idp hpc Iy luan khda I trudng
Dang Nguyen Ai Qudc, Hd Chf Minh da
phan tfch mpt trong nhftng nhupe diim Idn
efta Dang la trinh dp Iy luan edn thip kem,
cho nen diing trudc nhiem vu each mang
ngay cdng mdi va phftc tap, trong viec lanh
dao Dang ta khong khdi lung tftng, khong
trdnh khdi sai lam, khuyet diem, nhu nhimg
sai lam trong cai each rudng dat, trong viee ehinh ddn td chftc hoac nhiing khuyet diem trong lanh dao kinh te Chfnh vi vay, "Dang
ta td chftc trudng hpc Iy luan chp can bp la
de nang cao trinh dp ly luan eua Dang ta dang gidi quyet su ddi hdi cua nhiem vu cdch mang va tinh hinh thuc te efta Dang
ta, de Dang ta cd the ldm tdt hon cdng tdc cua minh, hoan thdnh tdt hon nhiem vu each mang vT dai cua minh"^
Khong ehi quan tam tdi viec ddo tao bdi duong Iy luan, Chu tich Hd Chi Minh cdn la mpt nha Iy luan chfnh tri hpc Trong mdi bude chuyen cua each mang, Hd Chf Minh lai ed nhung tac pham, bai viet quan trpng:
Thdi ky dung Dang la tac pham Dudng
kdeh menh, thdi ky khang chien la tdc pham Sica ddi ldi ldm viec, Thudng thiie ehinh tri,
thdi ky xay dung CNXH la tac pham Dgo
due cdch mgng, Ndng cao dgo dice cdch mgng, quet sgeh ehu nghia ed nhdn,
Nhiing tdc pham do la cam nang giup mdi cdn bp, dang vien hpc tap, nang cao trinh
dp, ren luyen dap dftc, tac phong de cd the dap ftng yeu eau, nhiem vu each mang
Trude Ifte di xa, trong Di chuc de lai cho
todn Dang, todn quan, toan dan ta, Hd Chi Minh da du bao ve nhftng khd khan, phftc tap efta cong cupc kien thiet dat nudc sau ngdy thdng nhat Ngudi nhan manh Dang can "phai cd ke hoach san sang, ro rang, ehu dao, de tranh khdi bi dpng, thiiu sdt va sai lam"^ Phat huy kinh nghiem va nhiing ket qua dat dupc trpng khang chien cung nhu trong xay dung CNXH d miin Bdc trudc do, va chua ludng bet tfnh phftc tap
TAP CHl UCH SLF D A N G - SO 7/2010 53
Trang 4SU' NGHIEP VA TU" TU'ONG HO CHI MINH
efta cupc chien chdng ngheo nan, lac hau
Dang ta dz mac phai nhiing sai lim trong ehi
dao chien lupc va to chftc thuc hien, din din
cupc khung hoang kinh te - xa hpi Song, nhd
phat hien, nam bat, tong ket kip thdi nhung
viec lam sang tao cua nhan dan, xuat phat tft
nguyen vpng efta nhan dan Dang ta da tien
hanh cong cupc doi mdi Tft thdnh qua cua
cong cupc doi mdi bom nay, nhin lai chang
dudng da qua, ed thi thay rang, nhung sai
lam, yeu kem chiing ta mac phai, mpt trong
nhiing nguyen nhan ea ban chinh la vi sir non
kem trong van dimg Iy luan vdo thuc tien
thdi ky qua dp di len CNXH
Van dung quan diem eua Ho Chf Minh
ve cong tdc Iy luan, trong qua trinh ddi mdi
Dang ta da rat coi trpng cdng tac ly luan va
gido due Iy luan ehinh tri, ket hpp vdi tong
ket thuc tien de gift viing va phat huy thanh
qua each mang trong cdng cupc ddi mdi dat
nudc Nghi quyet Trung uong 5 khda X Ve
cdng tdc tu tudng, ly ludn vd bdo chi trude
yeu cdu mdi da xac dinh nhung npi dung cp
ban cdng tdc Iy luan can chft trpng Dd Id:
Nghien cftu van dung sang tao va phat trien
chft nghTa Mac - Lenin, lam rd nhiing gia
tri ben viing cua chft nghTa Mac - Lenin,
nhiing van de can bd sung vd phat trien cho
phu hpp vdi thdi dai, day manh nghien ciiu
tu tudng H i Chi Minh, thuc tien va Iy luan
vi vin de dang cam quyen; Tiep tuc lam
sdng td nhan thftc, quan niem ve CNXH vd
eon dudng di len CNXH d Viet Nam; Tiep
tuc nghien cuu nhiing van de co ban cua
thdi dai, chu dpng nghien cftu vd tiep thu
ed chpn Ipc cac Iy thuyet phat trien vd edc
trao luu Iy luan; Nghien ciiu vi su phdt triin vdn hda, phdt triin kinh ti va con
ngudi trong thdi ky mdi, cac vin dk Iy luan
va thuc tiin ve chiin lupc bao ve Td qudc,
vi cac van di dat ra trong cupc dau tranh tu tudng - Iy luan; Nang cao chit lupng, dii mdi cdng tac gido due Iy luan va xay dung quy che dan chft trong cdng tac Iy luan Van de ddi mdi cdng tdc ly luan dang dat
ra cip bach Nhieu vin di thue tien d|t ra lien quan den chien lupc phdt trien dat nudc trong thdi ky hpi nhap vd todn cau hda dang ddi hdi cdng tac ly luan di sau nghien cftu, tdng ket de giai quyet Dat nudc dang dftng trudc thdi ca, van hpi Idn nhung ciing gap nhieu khd khan, thach thftc Ke thu tiep tuc chdng pha cdng cupc xay dung CNXH d nude ta, ma trpng tam van Id phd VP nen tang tu tudng eua Dang ta va cua CNXH Trong bdi canh dd viec bdi duong, nang cao trinh dp ly luan chfnh tri cho can bp, dang vien, dap ung yeu cau nhiem vu each mang
la mpt trong nhiing viec lam "cin kip" cua Dang nhu Chu tich Hd Chf Minh da khing dinh, de soi dudng cho each mang Viet Nam tiep tuc phat trien di len
1 V.I.Lenin Todn tap, Tiin bo, M, 1978, T.6,
tr.32
2 H6 Chi Minh Todn tap, CTQG, H, 1995,
T.5, tr.233-234
3 8 Sdd, T.8 , tr.496, 492
4 7 Sdd, T.5 , tr.234, 684
5 Sdd, T.3, tr.86
6 Sdd, T.l, tr.262
9.Sdd,T.l2,\x.503
54 TAP CHl LjCH SLF D A N G - S6 7/2010