Dd dim bio cho dpi ngii bao chi trong giai doan hidn nay dip img dugc ydu ciu trong thdi ky ddi mdi, cdng nghiep boa, hidn dai hoi dat nude, nhung ngudi lim bio can phii tu dudng dao[r]
Trang 1SLf NGHIEP VA W WONG HO CHi MINH
HO c m MDIH - NHA BAO LOI LAC
t
CilA CACH MA«IG VIET NAM
HOA DINH NGHIA
Chit tich Hd Chi Minh - ngudi sing lap
nen bio chi cich mang Viet Nam Vdi
hon 50 nam boat ddng sing tao khdng ngimg,
Ngudi da de lai di sin bio chi hdt siic to Idn vi
phong phu vdi nhung ndi dung thd hidn siu sac
quan didm vd cich mang, vd thdi dai, vd nhan
dan vi eic ITnh vyc ciia ddi sdng xa hdi Di sin
dd thd hien bin ITnh cich mang tuyet vdi cua
mdt tri tud vi nhan cich Idn, mdt nhi bio cich
mang ldi lac Dd ehinh la tu tudng Hd Chi Minh
ve bio chi cich mang
Ttr thye tien sinh ddng eiia cich mang Viet
Nam va thd gidi, am hidu hdt sire sau sac trong
ITnh vyc bio chi, Ngudi ludn xic dinh bio chi
la mdt thir vti khi ehinh tri - xa hdi sac ben
Chinh vi vay, trong thye tidn ehi dao cich
mang, Ngudi ludn sir dung bio ehi li cdng cy
tuydn truygn hieu qui de van ddng nhan din
tham gia sy nghidp diu tranh giai phdng dan
tdc Vdi hon 2000 bii bio vi hon 100 but
danh, Ngudi dd lai mdt di sin bio chi cich
mang to Idn, phin inh sinh ddng thye tidn cich
mang Viet Nam, ddng thdi thd hidn rd vai trd
ciia mdt nhi bio cich mang
* Bao tang Hd Chi Minh
1 Nguygn Ai Qudc - Hd Chi Minh den vdi bio ehi ttr rit sdm, ttr nhung ngiy mdi den Thii
dd Pari, vira hpc tidng Phip, Ngudi vira vidt bio Sau do Ngudi sing lip vi vidt nhidu bii
cho td bio Le Paria Diy li thdi gian Hd Chi
Minh cd didu kien dg ren luyen ky nang, nghigp vy vi phuong phip lam bio Nhung bai vigt ciia Ngudi ludn thd hien mdt kidn thire uydn bic, vdn sdng phong phii vi khi nang nam bat thdng tin, thdi sy nhanh nhay Van phong ciia Hd Chi Minh ngan gpn, gian di va trong sing giup cho ngudi dpe dd higu, himg thii khi tigp nhan thdng tin Khi vidt bao, Hd Chi Minh thudng ndu cao trich nhiem xa hdi, suy nghT siu sac vd ndi dung bii vidt, can trpng trong y tir, ciu chir sao cho quan ehiing nhan dan khi dpe thi dd higu Nhung ngay diu vigt bio, de cd bii bio tdt, Ngudi sira di sira lai nhidu lan, luc diu vidt dii, sau sau dd viet ngan gpn, ed dpng, nhung vin dim bio diy du ndi dung quan trpng, can thidt Da thanh thdi quen
kd ci khi lam Chii tjeh nude, khi vidt xong mdt bii bio, Hd Chi Minh thudng dpe cho nhiing ngudi xung quanh nghe vi gdp y kidn
Ngudi cho rang, mudn vidt dupe cho mpi ngudi dd dpe, dd hidu trudc hdt phii hpc cich
Trang 2SU' NGHIEP VA TU' TU'6'NG H 6 CHi MINH
noi ciia quan chiing, dd khi dpe, quan chiing
chap nhin nhu nhtmg gi li ciia hp Ddng thdi,
Ngudi phd phan nhung cin bp hay dting
nhung ttr ngir khd hidu khi vidt
Cic bii vidt ciia Hd Chi Minh ddu bat
ngudn ttr mpi van di ciia eudc sdng thudng
nhat vdi nhung sy kidn, cie con sd da dugc
kidm chimg, xem xet, chpn lpc mdt cich cin
than Nhimg bii vidt ciia Ngudi dua ra cie
thdng tin ehinh xac, mang tinh chin thue va
ed sire thuydt phuc Idn vdi mpi ddi tugng;
ngan gpn trong cich vidt, nhung ed dpng, ham
sue, rd ring, dd hidu, ed ndi dung thidt thye,
nhidu y it ldi, khdng thira ldi, thira ehii Ngudi
ludn phd binh nhung ngudi lim bio vidt vira
dii vira rdng, vi chi rd phii vidt ngin gpn,
thidt thuc, phii ludn di thang vio vin dd,.vv
Hd Chi Minh ludn dinh gii rit cao vai trd
ciia nhtmg ngudi lim bio trong cupc diu
tranh giii phdng din tdc Trong li thu giri tri
thirc Nam Bd, trong dd cd cie nhi bio, ngiy
25-5-1947, Ngudi vidt: "Ngdi but ciia cie ban
Cling li nhiing vii khi sac ben trong sy nghidp
phd chinh trir ti, mi anh em van hoi vi tri
thirc phii lim ciing nhu li nhtmg chidn sT anh
dting trong cdng cupc khing chidn dd tranh lai
quydn thdng nhit vi dpe lap cho Td qudc"'
Dil bin rat nhidu cdng vide, nhung Chu
tjeh Hd Chi Minh van dinh sy quan tam dac
biet tdi dpi ngti nhung ngudi lim bio Thing
7-1949, trong thu giri ldp hgc bao chi Huynh
Thue Khing, ldp hpc bao ehi dau tidn ciia
nudc ta sau each mang thing Tim, Ngudi chi
rd nhiem vy, muc dich vi ngu ndi dung, cting
nhu phuong phip ciia ngudi lam bao: Nhidm
vy CLia td bao li phii tuydn truyen cd ddng
huin luyen, giio dye va td chirc dan chiing de dua din chiing ddn myc dich chung Myc dich
li khang chidn vi kidn qudc Dd di ddn khing chidn thang lgi, kidn qudc thinh cdng thi ndi dung tire li eic bii bio phii gian don, dd bidu, phd thdng, thidt thye, boat bit^
Ngudi chi bio an can dpi ngti nhung ngudi lim bio vd kinh nghiem vidt bio, ddi tugng dd vigt bio Trong bii ndi chuyen tai Dai hdi in Hgi nha bio Viet Nam ngiy 8-9-1962, Ngudi ehi rd: "Kinh nghidm ciia tdi li the niy: Mdi khi vidt mot bii bio thi dit cau hdi: Vidt cho ai xem? Viet de lam gi? Vidt thg nao cho phd thdng de hieu, ngan ggn de dgc? Khi vigt xong, thi nhd anh em xem vi sira giiim"^
2 Chii tich Hd Chi Minh ludn coi cdng tie tu tudng, ly luan bao chi la mot ITnh vyc die biet quan trgng trong dinh hudng tu tudng cho xa hpi Ngudi danh gii eao cdng tie tu tudng ly luan bio ehi vdi ddi sdng chi'nh tri, kinh tg, van hoi - xa hpi ciia dit nude, die biet li ITnh vyc ehinh tri Vdi y nghla dd, Hd Chi Minh ludn day ngudi lam bio phii cd lap trudng chinh tri vung chac, chinh tri phii lam chu, dudng ldi ehinh tri dting thi nhiing vide khac mdi dting dugc, cho ndn bio chi cich mang phii cd dudng ldi chinh tri dimg vi Ngudi chi rd nhiem vu ciia dgi ngti lam bio la quan trgng va ve vang, mudn lam tdt nhidm vy ay thi phai cd gang hgc tip chinh tri, nang cao tu tudng, ly luin chinh tri, dimg viing tren lap trudng giai cap vd sin Ddng thdi phii nang cao trinh dp van hoi, phii
di sau vio nghiep vy dd bio chi thye sy la cdng
cu dinh hudng cho toan xa hdi
Ngudi ludn khang dinh rang gitra bio chi
va cich mang phai cd sy thdng nhit hiru co, bdi vi chd dp ta li chg dp din ehu, tu tudng
Trang 3SU' NGHIEP VA TU' TU'ONG H O CHi MINH
phii dugc ty do Ddi vdi mdt vin dd mpi
ngudi phii biy td y kidn ciia minh tim ra chin
ly Khi mpi ngudi da phit bidu y kien, di tim
thay chan ly, liic dd, quydn ty do dan chii hoi
ra quydn ty do phye timg chin ly Chin ly li
cai gi ed lgi cho Td qudc, cho nhan din Cii
gi trai vdi lgi ich eua Td qudc, cua nhan din
tlie khdng phii li chin ly
Xuit phit ttr myc dich boat dgng cua ndn
bio ehi each mang la vi din vi vai trd to Idn
ciia bio ehi ddi vdi xa hdi, Hd Chi Minh nhic
nhd nhiing ngudi lim bio: Khdng bidt rd,
hidu rd, thi khdng nen vidt, khdng ndn ndi
Khi khdng ed gi can ndi, khdng cd gi can vidt
chd ndi, chd viet ein De bio ehi thye sy li
dign dan ciia nhan dan, Ngudi cho rang mdt td
bio khdng dugc dai da sd quin chiing ham
mudn thi khdng xung ding li mdt td bio
Trong thdi gian 18 nam (1951-1969), Ngudi
da vidt 1.205 bii bio vdi 23 but danh khic nhau
dang trdn bio Nhan Dan Bai diu tign dang trgn
bio Nhin din sd 1, ra ngiy 11- 3-1951 li bii
"Phong trio mua cdng trii" vdi biit danh C.B vi
bii cudi ciing dang trdn bio Nhin dan sd 5526, ra
ngiy 1-6-1969 li bai "Nang cao trach nhiem
cham sdc vi giio due thieu nien, nhi ddng" vdi
but danh T.L Ngudi ludn dinh gii cao tam inh
hudng rdng Idn ciia bio Nhan Dan trong ddi sdng
xa hpi Khi de cap den npi dung ciia bio, Ngudi
cho rang, cic ein bp lim bio phai can than trudc
khi in bio, phii lam cho bio tdt hon, trudc bet tir
cin bd lam bio, ndn md lai myc sinh boat Ding,
phd binh cho ro ring, ngu guong, dang anh cho
chinh xic, dich ding, nhit li khi dua tin chii y tin
thdi sy, can ddi tin qudc tg ve cac nudc anh em,
chii y dgn y kign ciia quin chiing nhan dan,
3 Hd Chi Minh cdn li ban dpe thudng xuydn
ciia nhigu td bio Hang ngiy, Ngudi nhan dugc
rat nhigu tii lieu, sich bio tir cic dai sir quin, td chire qudc td, cic hang thdng tin Hd Chi Minh sir dimg thinh thao nhidu ngdn ngii khie nhau, nhung tii lieu sich bio qudc td, Ngudi dpe nguydn ban khdng thdng qua phien dich Tuy rang sd tii lieu sich bio dd rit nhidu, nhung Ngudi thudng cd cich dpe ridng, nam bat nhung van dd co bin nhit Ngudi thudng dinh nhigu thdi gian dg dpe bio chi trong nudc Vi thdng qua cie td bio niy, Ngudi nam rd hon tinh hinh trong nude Vide dpe bio ddi vdi Hd Chi Minh trd thinh mdt nguygn tie cdng tic, nhu li mdt nhu ciu ndp sdng sinh boat thudng ngiy
Cic ddng chi da timg lim vide bdn Chit tich
Hd Chi Minh kd rang: Ngudi cd thdi quen dpe rit nhieu cic loai sich bio, dpe rit nhanh, khi nio cd vin dd can ehu y thi dinh diu, ghi chep
de xir ly phye vy ngay nhu cau eiia dit nude dang dat ra hang ngiy, hing gid Khi thay guong ngudi tdt vide toL Ngudi dimg but bi hoac but ehi miu dd ghi iDdn canh Id td bio dd kip thdi thudng huy hieu Noi nio can luu y, Ngudi dinh diu cheo (/), van dg nio chua rd thi dinh diu hdi (?) vi ygu ciu van phdng xic minh rd Doan nao ein xem ky Ngudi dinh diu gach cheo vi diu cham phiy (/;); da xem xong vach hai vach (//) Cd nhigu liic Ngudi sir dyng chir Hin, Phip Anh, Nga ky hidu bdn Id Nhung tin bii nio quan trpng, Ngudi ghi vio eudn sd nhd, hoac cat din lam tu lieu Cie ddng chi lim van phdng giup vide cho Ngudi cir nhin vio
ky hidu dd mi thye hien
Khi dpe, Ngudi quan tim tdi timg chi tidt nhd, timg ldi ehinh ti nhd mi eic bio mac phii
de kip thdi sira giiip cho bio tidn bd Cd bio viet sai Y Lan, Ngudi sira thanh Y Lan, Ly Tir Trpng thinh Ly Ty Trpng Nam 1948 trdn bia bio Lao Ddng ed in tranh khac gd ve hinh inh
Trang 4SU' NGHIEP VA TU' TU'ONG HO CHi MINH
ngudi cdng nhan khdng dat ydu cau, khi xem
Ngudi phd binh lan sau phii can than hon
Thing 8-1951, khi dpe bio Vui song, thiy
tranh ve vi npi dung khdng phti hgp, Ngudi
gdp y dd bao tidn bp hon Nam 1964 khi dpe
bio Tdn Viet - Hoa, bio dich ra chii Hin bai
ndi chuydn cita Ngudi tai Dai hpi Phu nir
"Nam tdt", phit hidn ed ehii bio dich sai, lay
danh nghTa mot ban dgc, Ngudi vidt thu gdp y
toa soan bio dinh chinh de tranh ban dgc cd
thd hidu nham
4 Tham nhuan tu tudng Hd Chi Minh ve
dio tao dpi ngu bio chi vi vai trd ciia bio ehi
trong sy nghidp xay dimg vi bio vd Td qudc,
dac bidt li trong sy nghidp ddi mdi hidn nay
Ding ta ngiy eing khang dinh vai trd, phit huy
tinh tidn phong eiia bio chi Tai Hdi nghi Trung
uong 5 khoa X vd cdng tic tu tudng, ly luin va
bio chi trudc ydu cau mdi, Dang ta da khang
dinh nhimg thanh cdng cua bio chi trong thdi
gian qua vi dua ra nhung dinh hudng cdng tic
bio chi trong thdi gian tdi: "Phan Idn bio chi
boat ddng dimg tdn ehi muc dich, phan anh kip
thdi tam tu nguydn vpng ciia nhan dan, bidu
duong phong trio thi dua ydu nude, diu tranh
phdng chdng tham nhung, lang phi, quan lidu vi
cic td nan ciia xa hpi, chdng "Didn bidn hoi
binh" gdp phan tich eye vio thanh tiju chung
cita dat nudc" Ddng thdi, Hdi nghi ciing thang
than ehi ra nhimg khuydt didm, yeu kem,
nguygn nhan dan dgn nhtmg ban chg cua boat
ddng bio chi: "Trong boat dpng bao chi mdt sd
ydu kem, khuydt digm duge nhac nhd nhidu lan,
nhung cham khac phyc, cd maL cd luc, cd noi
cdn tram trpng hon Mpt sd co quan bao ehi
thieu nhay ben chinh tri, chua lam tdt chirc nang
tu tudng, van hoi, cd bidu hidn xa rdi sy lanh
dao ciia Dang, sy quan ly ciia Nha nudc, xa rdi
tdn chi myc dich, thdng tin khdng trung thuc, thidu chinh xic"^; "Dpi ngti can bg va cdng tic dao tao, bdi dudng ein bg lam cdng tic tu tudng, ly luan, bio chi edn nhidu ban chd, ydu kem Cdng tic tdng kgt thye tign, nghign cim vg
tu tudng, ly luan vi bio chi chua theo kip sy phat tridn ciia tinh hinh"^
Dd dim bio cho dpi ngii bao chi trong giai doan hidn nay dip img dugc ydu ciu trong thdi
ky ddi mdi, cdng nghiep boa, hidn dai hoi dat nude, nhung ngudi lim bio can phii tu dudng dao dire cich mang, can trau ddi vd ehinh tri, tu tudng va nghiep vu bio ehi, ludn lay hgc tip chinh tri lam nhidm vu hang dau dd nam virng dudng ldi, ehu truong cita Dang vi chinh sach, phip luat ciia Nha nudc Vdi y nghTa bio chi phii thye sy li cau ndi gitra Ding, Nhi nudc, Chinh phii vdi nhan din, kip thdi phin inh mpi mat ddi sdng xa hpi, nhiing ngudi lam bio -nhung ngudi lam cdng tic tuydn truydn ciia Dang vi Nhi nudc se cang phii thim nhuan ban ntra nhung ldi can dan ciia Chii tich Hd Chi Minh - mdt nha bio cich mang vT dai, mdt nhi
ly luan thuc tien ve trach nhidm ciia bio chi ddi vdi xa hpi
Nhtrng ldi day cua Ngudi ddi vdi nhtmg ngudi lim bao, van cdn nguydn gii tri trong cdng cupc xay dyng vi bao vd Td quoc Viet Nam XHCN
1, 2 H6 Chi Minh Todn tap, CTQG, H, 2000,
T.5,trl31
2 Xem Hd Chi Minh Todn tap, CTQG, H, 2000,
T.5, 625 3.5'^fl', T10,tr.6l5
4, 5 Vdn kien Hoi nghi Idn thit 5 Ban chap hdnh
Trung uong Dang khod X, CTQG, H, 2009, tr.l30,130