Hd thd'ng trudng pho thdng dan too ndi trii dupe khdi phuc va phat trien tu nam 1990 da gdp phan quan trpng trong vide giao due, dao tao mdt lupng kha Idn hpc sinh eae dan tdc thid'u[r]
Trang 1XAY DONG CHiNH Q D Y I N D|A P H O Q U O GIAI PHAP PHAT TRIEN NGUON NHAN LUC LA NGUOI DAN TQC THIEU SO CAC TJNH MIEN NUI PHiA BAC
iTS.LOQUOCTOANn
1 Tilj} tgc cung edva hoan thidn hd thing
cac trudng phd thdng ddn tdc ndi tm
Hd thd'ng trudng pho thdng dan too ndi trii
dupe khdi phuc va phat trien tu nam 1990 da
gdp phan quan trpng trong vide giao due, dao
tao mdt lupng kha Idn hpc sinh eae dan tdc
thid'u sd Dac bidt, mdt sd dan tdc trudc dd bj tai
mu ehu, nhd he thd'ng trudng nay da xoa dugc
mil chQ trong dp tudi quy djnh, cd em da trudng
thanh la can bd tham gia cdng tac d cap eo sd
dat chuan pho cap tieu hpc Nhidm vu eiia he
thdng trudng phd thdng dan tdc ndi tru la trang
bj nhiing kiln thQc van hoa eo ban cho con em
cac dan tdc thieu sd, tao tiln de can thie't de
xay dyng nhan each, nhiing tidu chuan co ban,
tQdd hinh thanh ndn ngudi can bd dan too thieu
sd sau nay
Hidn nay, d miin niii phia Blc cd 84 trudng
phd thdng dan tdc ndi tru cap huyen, 15 trudng
phd thdng dan tdc ndi tru cap tinh va 5 trudng
phd thdng dan tdc ndi tru do Trung uong quan
ly NhQng trudng dupc danh gia ed chat lupng
dao t?o td't va kha la do cap uy, chinh quyen dja
phuong da tap trung dau tu, xay dyng eo sd vat
chd't va xay dyng dupe dpi ngu can bd, giao
vidn gidi ngay tQ khi mdi thanh lap Song, vin
edn 10/15 trudng phd thdng dan tdc ndi trii cap
tinh va hau hit cac trudng phd thdng dan tdc
C) Hgc vidn Chinh tii - Hanh chinh khu vi/c I
ndi tru cap huyen dupe danh gia la chat lupng dao tao tha'p; do dd, can phai cung cd va hoan thien cac trudng nay
Trude hit, can tilp tuc xay dyng cac trudng
cd chat lupng dao tao kha trd thanh trudng chat lupng cao; nang dan ty Id cac trudng trung binh len kha va tu ye'u ldn trung binh Tu nay dd'n nam 2020 can phai cd nhung ehinh sach uu tien dac biet, cham lo xay dyng dpi ngu giao vien, lye lupng trye tilp quylt djnh chat lupng
va hieu qua giao due, dao tao Can ddi mdi cP che, ehinh sach xay dyng dpi ngu giao vidn phu hpp vdi dieu kien dac thu eua timg dja phuomg
va timg vimg dan tdc; ddi mdi phuong thue dao tao, bdi dudng, eo ehi, ehinh sach su dung va dai ngd giao vien de hp yen tam cdng tac lau dai, phuc vu ddng bao dan too thid'u sd Ngay tu khi hpe tap trong cac trudng su pham, nhung
giao vien tuong lai can phai dugc trang bj
nhung kien thue eo ban ve khoa hpe, nghi nghiep theo tieu chuan chung ciia timg cap hpe; ngoai ra can phai trang bj cho hp nhirng kiln thue can thiet ve ngdn ngu, van hoa dan tdc, tam linh, tin ngudng cua mdt sd dan tdc d nhiing noi se de'n cdng tac Tren co sd dd, cac giao vien tie'p tue ty nghien cQu, hpe tap, trau ddi kie'n thue thyc tiln, kit hpp vdi cac Idp bdi dudng, tap huan thudng xuyen hang nam Cung vdi vide thyc hien cac chinh sach uu tidn thu hilt giao vien gidi ldn cdng tac lau dai, d'n
Trang 2dinh tai eae tinh mien nui phia Bae, can cd mdt
chie'n lupe phat trid'n giao vien ngudi dan tdc
thid'u sd Ndi dung chuong trinh dao tao dpi ngu
giao vidn dan tdc thieu so can dugc dd'i mdi cho
phii hpp vdi dd'i tupng ngay tu eae trudng su
pham, ke ea cac trudng dai hpe su pham (qud'e
gia va khu vue) va eae trudng cao dang, trung
cap su pham d dja phuong
Dang va Nha nude can quan tam hon nUa
den van de tang cudng eo sd ha tang, thie't bj
trudng hpe eho he thdng cac trudng dan tdc ndi
tru a mien nui phia Bae Hidn nay, eae trudng
phd thdng dan too ndi tru cap huyen va cap tinh
da dugc xay dyng kien cd hoa; nhung mdt sd
trudng ban tru va ndi tru dan nudi d mdt so cum
xa cdn tam bp Trang bj ndi that, ban ghe,
bang, thie't bj day hpc eiia cac trudng cap
huyen edn thieu nghiem trpng De' gdp phan cai
thidn tinh trang nay, eae dja phucmg mien nui
can md rdng quan he, khai thac cac ngudn lyc
tu eae dja phuong mien xudi va cac doanh
nghiep nhim huy ddng sy tham gia hd trp kinh
phi de xay dyng va eiing cd eo sd vat chat cho
cac trudng hpc Trong nhiing nam tdi, can day
manh hom nua ehu truomg huy ddng vd'n theo
phuong thue nay de phat trid'n eo sd ha tang va
thilt bj trudng hpe eho cac tinh miin nui phia
BIC, trudc hit la cac trudng phd thdng dan tdc
ndi tru
Cung vdi vide day tieng phd thdng eho hpc
sinh cac trudng dan tdc ndi tru cap huyen, can
ed quy djnh cu the de' giao vien hpc tieng dan
tdc thieu sd Ben canh vide quy djnh tieu chuan
su pham chung dd'i vdi giao vien, cac dja
phuong can ed nhiing tieu chuan cu the ddi vdi
giao vien eae trudng dan too ndi tru Mdt trong
nhung tieu chua'n dd la phai biet va su dung
thanh thao tie'ng dan too trong giang day, trong
quan ly hpe sinh
2 Nang cao chit lupng giao dge va dao t ^
or cac tinh miin nui phia Bdc
Cung vdi vide cung ed va hoan thien he
thd'ng cac trudng phd thdng dan tdc ndi tru d
mien nui phia Blc, can phat trien manh me he
thd'ng cac trudng phd thdng cdng lap va dan lap phuc vu cho vide phat trien ngudn nhan luc dan tdc thieu so Trdn thyc t l , con em dan toe thid'u
sd d cac xa, cac huyen thude khu vyc II (khdng nam trong chuomg trinh 135) rat ddng dao Sd hpc sinh nay khdng dupc dao tao qua he thd'ng trudng phd thdng dan tdc ndi tm, ma dupre dao tao qua he phd thdng chuan tQ tieu hpc din trung hpc phd thdng Sau khi td't nghidp phd thdng trung hpc thi dy thi tuyen vao cac trudng dai hpc va cao ding; cac em dupe cdng dilm
uu tidn dan tdc va khu vyc theo quy djnh ciia Nha nudc
MQc dp chdnh lech diem trung tuyen giua nhung thi sinh dupc hudng did'm uu tidn cao nha't so vdi thi sinh khdng thude didn uu tidn tu nam hpc 1987-1988 dd'n nam hpc 2002-2003
la 5 did'm; tQ nam hpc 2003-2004 din nay la 3,5 did'm Tuy nhidn, sd hpc sinh dan tdc thilu
so dupc trung tuyen vao dai hpc va cao ding trong thdi gian qua dat ty Id rat tha'p, khdng dap Qng duoc ddi hdi khach quan cua su nghidp phat trid'n kinh t l - xa hdi cua cac dja phuong Nguydn nhan chii yd'u ciia tinh trang nay la chat lupng giao due va dao tao cua cac dja phuong
va vung dan tdc thid'u sd edn thd'p; do dd chat lupmg dau vao, chat lupmg tuyen sinh dai hpc, cao ding dat thap hom so vdi ydu cau Chinh sach cdng did'm uu tidn ma Nha nude dang thyc hidn thyc chat la ha tha'p tidu chuan tuyen sinh de tao co hdi eho con em cac dan tdc thid'u sd trung tuyen trong cac ky thi tuyen sinh dai hpc va cao ding Dd la mdt chinh sach hoan toan dung din Tuy nhidn, ndu chi ehu y dd'n chinh sach uu tidn tuyen sinh, coi nhe chat lupng tuyen sinh thi se d i n d i n tinh trang y lai, khdng khuydn khich sy nd lye phan dau vupn Idn cua hpc sinh dan tdc thieu sd Mat khac, cdn tao ra sy mac cam, djnh kiln eua xa hdi dd'i vdi chat lupng dao tao ciia nganh giao due
va dao tao d cac dja phuong miin nui, vung dan tdc Vi vay, nang cao chat lupng giao dge
va dao tao d cac tinh miin nui phia Blc la van
de cd't Idi hidn nay
Trang 3Khao sat thue t l cho tha'y, nhin chung, chat
lupng giao due eua cac tinh miin nui phia Blc
dang d mQc tha'p so vdi ea nudc Trinh dp ciia
giao vidn khdng ddng diu v l chat luong, thilu
nghidm trpng v l sd lupng d nhung vQng cao,
vung sau, vung xa Co sd vat chat cdn ngheo
nan; cdn tinh trang tmdng ldp tam bcr, thilt bj
day hpc thid'u Dd la nhQng nguydn nhan trye
tilp ddn dd'n tinh trang chat lupmg day hpe tha'p
De giai quylt van d l nay, Bd Giao due va Dao
tao can tiln hanh diiu tra, danh gia lai chat
lupng dpi ngu giao vidn phd thdng a tat ca cac
tinh mlln nui phia Blc Can phan loai chat
lupng dpi ngu giao vidn, tQ dd cd k l hoach bdi
dudng, dao tao va dao tao lai de trong mdt vai
nam tdi dpi ngu giao vidn dap iimg du tidu chuan
theo ydu eau cua mdi bae va cap hpc Ddng
thdi cin lya chpn mdt sd giao vidn gidi lam
ndng cd't, hinh thanh mdt sd tmdng chat lupng
cao d bdc phd thdng trung hpc de dao tao
ngudn chahd cao dang va dai hpc cua timg dja
phuomg Tai eae trudng chat lupng cao nay can
vdn dung chinh sach uu tidn tuyd'n chpn con em
cac dan tdc thid'u sd ngay trong cac ky thi tuyd'n
sinh tQ bae phd thdng eo sd Idn bae phd thdng
trung hpc Cac trudng chat lupng cao cung vdi
he thd'ng tmdng dan too ndi tru se trd thanh
nhung eo sd quan trpng trong vide phat trid'n
ngudn nhan lyc dan tdc thid'u sdd miin niii phia
B I C tQ nay din ndm 2020 Sau khi chat lupng
giao dge va dao tao phd thdng ciia cac tinh
miin nui phia Blc da phat trid'n ddng ddu, se
tQng bude nhap eae loai trudng theo tidu chuan
chung cua Nha nudc; thu hep dan cac didn dd'i
tupng uu tidn, tiln tdi thuc hidn sy binh dang v l
CO hdi va diiu kidn dao tao vdi ta't ca mpi ngudi,
mpi vQng va mpi dan tdc
Hidn nay, vide day nghi va dao tao nghi d
cac tinh miin nui phia Blc cdn rat yd'u De nang
cao chat lupng giao due va dao tao, can day
manh day nghi song song vdi vide phat trid'n he
giao due phd thdng Dang va Nha nude ta da cd
chu tmcmg dua chuong trinh day nghi vao cac
tmdng phd thdng dan tdc ndi tni, cac trudng
phd thdng tmng hpc Vide trid'n khai chii tmong
dd tai cac dja phuong edn cham va ehua ddng
bd, chua cd kit qua rd ret Can xac djnh rd nhQng nghe can dao tao phii hpp vdi dac did'm kinh t l - xa hdi ciia timg vung, tQ dd thyc hidn dao tao nghe co ban cho hpc sinh ngay tQ khi cdn P trong trudng phd thdng Can md rdng mang ludi cac trudng trung cap ehuydn nghidp
0 eae tinh miin nui phia Blc Trong nhung nam tmdc mit, dd'i vdi cac trudng trung cap hidn cd, can thyc hidn tdt c h i dp cu tuyd'n d timg dja phuomg de kjp thdi dap iimg ydu elu mdi Ddng thdi, thanh lap thdm cac tmdng trung cap ehuydn nghiep va trung tam day nghi phu hpp
de dao tao ngudn nhan lye va phat trid'n ngudn
can bd dan tdc thid'u sd a mdt sd dja phuong
3 Ndng cao eh^ lupng tuylh sinh, ch& lupng dao t^o dg bj dai hpc, hd eQ tuylh cua
cac trudng d^i hgc, cao ding d miin nui phia
Blc
TQ kit qua khao sat thyc t l va y kiln ciia mdt sd can bd lanh dao va quan ly nganh giao due va dao tao eae tinh miin nui phia Blc, xin
cd mdt sd y kiln sau:
- De ed ngudn cu tuye'n dd'i vdi hpc sinh dan tdc thid'u sd d vung sau, vimg xa, vung dac bidt khd khan, can phat trie'n va hoan thidn cac tmdng phd thdng dan tdc ndi tru; tQ dd lya chpn nhtimg hpc sinh ed kiln thue, ed nang lyc, nhan thQc td't dua di dao tao theo ehi dp cu tuyd'n Cac trudng phd thdng dan tdc vimg cao Viet Bao, Trudng bd tuc Huu nghj, he phd thdng trung hpe thudc Dai hpc Lam nghiep la nhirng
CP sd dao tao ngudn cu tuye'n ed chat lupng
- Cu tuyd'n la mdt ehinh sach dung din cua Dang va Nha nudc ta, la giai phap quan trpng
va ed hidu qua gdp phan tang cudng can bd la ngudi dja phuong cho eae tinh miin nui De cdng tac eu tuyd'n phat huy hidu qua, rat can tilp tuc ed sy quan tam eiia cap uy, chinh quyen eae cap, sy phd'i hpp chat che giua sd giao due va dao tao vdi cac don vj dao tao va
su dung hidu qua lye lupng can bd da dupc dao tao thdng qua eu tuyd'n; ddng thdi can cd sy
Trang 4quan tam chi dao sat sao ciia Bd Giao due va
Dao tao
- Bd Giao due va Dao tao nghien eiiru md
cac Idp dy bj nim trong trudng phd thdng trung
hpc dan tdc ndi trii cap tinh, nhim tao ngudn cu
tuyen Nghien cQu thay hinh thue eu tuyen hien
nay bing xet tuye'n vao hpe Idp dy bj tai trudng
phd thdng trung hpc dan tdc ndi tru cap tinh So
lupng khoang tu 100 de'n 150 hpc sinh cho mdi
tinh de tao ngudn tuyen sinh eho eae trudng dai
hpc, cao dang, trung hpe chuyen nghiep Hang
nam xet trong sd hpc sinh nay nhiing em hpe
kha va gidi de cQ di hpc dai hpe; sd edn lai vao
hpc cao dang hoac cac trudng trung cap
chuyen nghiep tai dja phuong
Giai quye't td't chat lupng dau vao la mdt
bien phap quan trpng, co ban de nang cao mdt
budc chat lupng dao tao Song, van de quan
trpng nhat trong vide nang cao chat lupng dao
tao can bd dan tdc thid'u sd eiia cac trudng dai
hpc, cao ding chinh la chat lupng dpi ngu giao
vien va nhiing dieu kien de bao dam day td't,
hpe td't va ren luyen toan didn ve dQe, tri, the,
my dd'i vdi sinh vidn
Hidn nay, hau hit cac trudng dai hpc va cao
dang vin thyc hien md Idp rieng dd'i vdi he cu
tuyen hpe sinh dan tdc thieu sd, ehua quan tam
lya chpn giao vidn gidi de day he eu tuyen
Trong sd nhiing sinh vidn ngudi dan too thieu so
trung tuyen vao cac trudng dai hpc va cao dang
theo he chuan, ty Id hpc lye kha va gidi rat it, chu
ye'u 0 mQc trung binh - kha, hoac trung binh
Mdt bidn phap nang cao chat lupng dao tao cua
he eu tuyen la lya chpn giao vien gidi, ed kinh
nghiem va tam huyet de giang day theo chuong
trinh phii hpp vdi dd'i tupng ngudi hpc Can
nghien cQu xay dyng chuomg trinh dao tao phii
hpp vdi hpc sinh dan tdc thieu sd, dam bao khdi
lupmg kiln thQc co ban va kie'n thQc van dung
can thilt, phii hpp vdi dieu kien cua timg dja
phUPng, vimg dan tdc Trong dd, dac biet chu y
dd'n ngdn ngQ va phong tuc tap quan, tam ly,
van hoa cac dan tdc Tuy yeu cau cua tirng ITnh
vyc, timg mang kiln thQc ma xac djnh thdi lupng
phu hpp vdi timg chuong trinh, tQng mdn hpc
De nang cao chat lupng dao tao sinh vidn cu tuyen, Nha nudc can tao dieu kidn, dau tu eho cac trudng ngudn kinh phi, tai chinh du d l bdtri cho d, chd an cho sinh vidn cQ tuyen, tang hpe bdng eho sinh vien cu tuyIn, sinh vidn d cac vung khd khan, sinh vidn thupc dien chinh sach
xa hdi de hp yen tam tap trung hpc tap a
TRAO 001 VE OAO TAG
(Ti^ ^eo trang 44)
vu phai dao tao cdng chQc va de ra mgc tidu xay dyng mdt nin cdng vu kit hpp he thdng chQc nghidp va he thdng vide lam Khi ndi dd'n vj tri vide lam tQc la ngudi dupe tuyen dung, bd nhidm vao vj tri da dap iimg du tidu chuan quy djnh, trong dd, trudc hit, phai dii tidu chuan v l trinh dp dao tao
Hai la, vide de xua't cac diiu kidn va cQ
cdng chQc di dao tao mdt each ed chpn Ipc
la mdt sy thay ddi nhan thQc v l trach nhidm Mdt mat, dap iimg trinh dp dao tao la trach nhiem cua nhung ai mudn dupe tuyen dung vao mdt vj tri vide lam nhat djnh; thdng qua
dd, gdp phan han c h i sy lam dung trong vide tuyen dung va cu cdng chQc di dao tao hien nay Mat khac, vide cu cdng chQe di dao tao ed quy hoach su dung lau dai se gdp phan tilt kidm cho ngan sach va han chi nhQng riii ro trong dao tao cdng chQe
Ba la, nin cdng vu ndi chung va co quan
quan ly nha nudc ndi ridng se cd dieu kidn tap trung vao thyc hidn nhipm vu "huan luyen" dpi ngu cdng chQe thanh thao v l nghidp vu, tao diiu kidn cho hoat ddng dao tao, bdi dudng khdng ngimg nang cao chat lupng, hidu qua hoat ddng a