Thang 9-1997, Dai hdi XV DCS Trung Qud'c lai trinh bay va phan tich sau sac van de the nao la kinh te, chinh tri va van hoa ciia CNXH mang dac sac Trung Qudc trong giai doan dau cua [r]
Trang 1QUA TRiNH TtM TOI VA DAC DIEM BAN CHAT
Cbk CON D f CfNG XHCN DAC SAC TRUNG Qn6c
GS LAC VAN OONG
Vien Nghien ciiu Chu nghia Mdc -Vien Khoa hoc xd hoi Trung Quoc
D i t h e o con du'dng nao la va'n
de q u a n t r o n g lien q u a n t6i
sU hu'ng suy t h a n h bai ciia stl nghiep each m a n g va kie'n t h i e t d a t
nifdc 60 n a m tii k h i nxidc T r u n g Quo'c
mdi ra ddi don nay, dac biet la 30 n a m
cai each mci ctia, t r o n g thtJc tien lanh
dao n h a n d a n tien h a n h each m a n g , xay
diing va cai each CNXH, DCS T r u n g
Quo'c da tiing bufcic s a n g t a o r a con
du'dng X H C H d a c sac T r u n g Quo'c,
h u d n g tdi vien c a n h txidi s a n g p h a t
t r i e n da't niidc g i a u m a n h va phiic
hUng d a n toe N g a y 18-12-2008, t r o n g
Le ky n i e m 30 n a m Hoi nghi T r u n g
lidng 3 k h o a XI D C S T r u n g Quoc Tong
Bl thif Ho C a m D a o d a chi r a : "Trai
q u a 30 n a m t i m toi thtic t i e n va s a n g
t a o ly l u a n , c h i i n g t a d a n h a n thiic s a u
sac hdn, n a m viing h d n ve CNXH dac
sac T r u n g Quo'c" " T r u n g Quo'c hien
n a y kien tri con du'dng X H C N dac sSc
T r u n g Quo'c c h i n h la thiic sU kien tri CNXH" L u a n d i e m q u a n t r o n g n a y ciia
d o n g chi Ho C a m D a o da cho t h a y r 5 y chi k i e n c u d n g va niem tin viing chSc vao vice D C S T r u n g Quoc l a n h dao
n h a n d a n k i e n tri di t h e o con diidng
X H C N dac sSc T r u n g Quoc Difng trifdc sii b i e n doi k h o n lifdng ctia t i n h h i n h quo'c t e va sii philc t a p ciia t i n h h i n h
t r o n g nifdc, tif gdc do k e t hdp giiia lich sii va ly l u a n , thd'ng n h a t giiJa n h a n thiic va thiic tien, viec n g h i e n cifu q u a
t r i n h tim tdi va dac diem b a n c h a t ciia con difdng X H C N dac sSc T r u n g Qud'c
cd y nghTa q u a n t r o n g dd'i vdi viec nSm
b a t c h i n h xac n g u y e n n h a n c a n b a n va phifdng hifdng cho sii t i e n bo p h a t t r i e n
c u a T r u n g Qud'c h i e n n a y
Trang 2LAC VAN OONG
1 Con dudng XHCN dac sac Trung
Quoc la sir lira chon ljch su
Nhif chiing ta deu biet, tif sau the ky
XV, con dudng phat trien ciia cac nUdc
ldn phUdng Tay hau he't deu thdng qua
hoc lot trong nUdc, chiem doat roi tien tdi
chien tranh xam lUdc ra ben ngoai Tif
sau the ky XX, mot so' nUdc dang phat
trien tuy da thiic hien tang trudng
nhanh nen kinh te' trong mot giai doan
nao dd, nhUng da xuat hien nhiing van
de nghiem trong nhu khoang each giau
ngheo md rong, mau thuan xa hdi gay
gat, mdi trUdng sinh thai bien ddi xau
Dd'i vdi mot nUdc ldn phUdng Ddng lac
hau ve kinh te, van hoa nhu Trung Qud'c,
con dudng nay chac chan la khdng hieu
qua Mud'n thay ddi van menh den tdi
ciia mot nUdc Trung Qud'c lac hau ngheo
nan, chia nam se bay va dang dUdng dau
vdi cac cuoc xam lUdc, nhan dan Trung
Qudc chi cd the tim con dUdng mdi de
xay diing da't nUdc va phuc hUng dan tdc
Do Trung Qud'c la mot qud'c gia dUdc
hinh thanh tif sii qua do tif chu nghia
dan chu mdi sang chii nghia xa hdi tren
cd sd ciia xa hoi niia thiic dan niia phong
kie'n, nen dieu dd da khdng dinh xay
diing CNXH d Trung Qud'c la mot qua
trinh rat dai va gian nan Nude Trung
Qud'c mdi thanh lap khdng lau DCS
Trung Qud'c vdi dai dien tieu bieu la Mao
Trach Ddng da lanh dao nhan dan hoan
thanh viec cai tao XHCN, xay diing che'
do XHCN, dong thdi bat dau tim tdi con
dudng xay diing CNXH phu hdp vdi tinh
hinh Trung Qud'c Do kinh nghiem ciia Trung Qud'c ve xay diing CNXH khdng nhieu va co nhiJng phan doan sai lech ve tinh hinh dau t r a n h trong nUdc va qud'c
te nen da dan de'n nhiing sai lam nghiem trong nhu "Dai each mang van hoa", do
dd viec xay diing CNXH d Trung Qud'c gap can trd
Hoi nghi Trung Udng 3 khoa XI DCS Trung Qud'c thang 12-1978 la mot budc ngoat, DCS Trung Qud'c dUdi sii lanh dao cua Dang Tieu Binh da thuan theo
xu hudng thdi dai va y nguyen ciia nhan dan, de xUdng giai phdng tU tudng, xac lap lai dudng lo'i tU tudng thiic sU c^iu thi, chuyen trong tam cdng tac toan Dang sang xay diing kinh te, thiic hien cai each md ciia, md ra con dUdng tim tdi mdl xay diing CNXH Sau Dai hoi XII DCS Trung Qud'c, cdng cudc cai each md cifa va xay diing hien dai hoa d Trung Qud'c dUdc trien khai toan dien De'n Dai hdi XIII DCS Trung Qud'c (thang 10-1987), Trung Qud'c da budc ddu dUa ra ly luan ve giai doan ddu ciia CNXH, dong thdi da xay diing dUdng lo'i cd ban "mot trung tam, hai diem cd ban" DUdng lo'i
cd ban nay da quye't dinh tdi nhiem vu chii yeu, muc tieu phan dau va phUdng cham chi dao, dUdng lo'i can ban, liic lUdng lanh dao va liic lUdng dang tin cay
de hoan thanh nhiem vu nay ciia Dang trong giai doan dau ciia CNXH, da bUdc dau tra ldi cho cau hdi can ban xay diing CNXH mang dac sac Trung Qud'c nhU the nao Day c d th e ndi la khai nie m tUdng dd'i hoan chinh dau tien ve con
NGHIEN CUU TRUNG QUOC so 8 (96) - 2009
Trang 3dudng XHCN dac sdc Trung Qud'c Dai
hoi XIII DCS Trung Qud'c long trong
tuyen bo': tif sau Hoi nghi Trung Udng 3
khoa XI, DCS Trung Qud'c bdt ddu tim
tdi con dudng xay diing CNXH mang dac
sdc Trung Qud'c, md ra giai doan mdi xay
diing CNXH
Dai hdi XIV DCS Trung Qud'c (thang
10-1992) da xac dinh muc tieu cai each
the che kinh te ciia Trung Qud'c la xay
diing the che kinh te thi trUdng XHCN,
md cifa dd'i ngoai, tang cUdng va cai t-'en
xay diing Dang , tie'p tuc thiic day cai
each md cifa va xay diing hien dai hoa
Thang 9-1997, Dai hdi XV DCS Trung
Qud'c lai trinh bay va phan tich sau sac
van de the nao la kinh te, chinh tri va
van hoa ciia CNXH mang dac sac Trung
Qudc trong giai doan dau cua CNXH,
xay diing nhU the nao kinh te, chinh tri
va van hoa loai nay, da hinh thanh
cUdng linh cd ban cua Dang ve giai doan
ddu ciia CNXH, da lam phong phii noi
dung cu the ve con dUdng XHCN dac sac
Trung Qud'c Dai hoi XVI DCS Trung
Qud'c (thang 11-2002) da tong ke't 10
kinh nghiem thiic day sii nghiep XHCN
dac sac Trung Qud'c, xac dinh muc tieu
xay diing xa hdi kha gia toan dien Tif
sau Dai hoi XVI, Trung Udng DCS Trung
Qud'c do Ho Cam Dao la Td'ng Bi thu
da thuan theo sii thay ddi ciia tinh hinh
trong va ngoai nUdc, khac phuc nhiing
khd khan va riii ro, ra siic thiic day phat
trien khoa hoc, thiic day hai hoa xa hdi,
hoan thien the che kinh te thi trUdng
XHCN, sang tao cue dien mdi ciia sii nghiep XHCN dac sac Trung Qud'c trong thiic tien xay diing xa hoi kha gia toan dien Quan triet tinh thdn cua Dai hdi XVI, Trung UOng Dang ldn lUdt hop 7 ldn hdi nghi, ldn lUdt dUa ra quyet dinh
va thiic thi cac van de trong dai nhu di sau cai each cd cau, hoan thien the che kinh te thi trUdng XHCN, tang cUdng xay diing nang liic cdm quyen cua Dang, lap quy hoach "5 nam ldn thif XI", xay diing xa hoi hai hoa XHCN
Dai hdi XVII DCS Trung Qud'c (thang 10-2007) tien hanh td'ng ke't nhin lai tien trinh lich sii va kinh nghiem cua 29 nam cai each md ciia d Trung Qud'c, dong thdi ldn ddu tien tien hanh khai quat hoan chinh ve con dudng XHCN dac sac Trung Qud'c hinh tha nh trong th di ky mdi cai each md cifa Dai hdi XVII DCS Trung Qud'c khdng chi cho thay noi ham khoa hoc ciia con dudng XHCN dac sac Trung Qud'c, ma cdn ndi ro yeu cdu can ban kien tri va trien khai con dudng nay,
de xuat nhan dinh quan trong Trung Qudc hien nay kien tri con dudng XHCN dac sac Trung Qud'c chinh la kien tri CNXH, cd y nghia ly luan vd cung quan trong, y nghia chinh tri to ldn va y nghia lich sii sau xa Tu tUdng nay dUdc dUa ra sau 51 nam (1/2 theky) Mao Trach Ddng
de xuat tim kiem con dUdng XHCN cua Trung Qud'c , sau 25 nam (1/4 the ky) Dang Tieu Binh de xuat menh de chung xay diing CNXH dac sdc Trung Qud'c Tif
dd cd the thay, DCS va nhan dan Trung
Trang 4LAC VAN OONG
Qud'c da cd mdt qua trinh lich sii lau dai
va gian nan de tim kiem con dudng
XHCN dac sdc Trung Qud'c, day la san
pham tat ye'u cua sii phat trien lich sii
can hien dai Trung Qud'c, la sii lUa chon
chi'nh xac khach quan mang tinh tii
nhien va hdp ly i ,.,-,_, , ,, [jj ,,^.1 ,
2 Con duong XHCN dac sac Trung
Quoc da tap trung the hien yeu cau ban
chat xay dung CNXH ciia Trung Quoc
Con dudng XHCN dac sac Trung Qud'c
cd noi ham phong phu, trong dd, viec
Trung Qud'c liia chon con dUdng phat
trien CNXH dUdc coi la ndi dung hat
nhan Tac gia dUa ra bdn phUdng dien
khai quat ve con dudng nay nhu sau:
Thic nhdt la "hai nguyen tac can ban",
tifc la kien tri sii lanh dao cua DCS
Trung Qud'c, diia vao tinh hinh cd ban
ciia dat nUdc DCS Trung Qud'c la sU bao
dam cd ban de thiic hien hien dai hoa
XHCN, xay diing CNXH dac sdc Trung
Qud'c Chi cd kien tri sii lanh dao cua
Dang mdi cd the bao dam phUdng hUdng
chinh xac cai each md cifa va xay diing
hien dai hoa, mdi cd the cung cd' cue dien
chinh tri on dinh doan ke't va thiic day
thuan ldi sii nghiep XHCN dac sdc
Trung Qud'c Trong thdi ky mdi, DCS
Trung Qud'c da sang tao ra con dudng
XHCN dac sac Trung Qud'c, coi nhan
thifc khoa hoc ve tinh hinh cd ban dat
nUdc la can cif thiic hien NhU Ho Cam
Dao da phat bieu trong Bao cao Dai hdi
XVll DCS Trung Qud'c: "Nhan thifc rd
tinh hinh cd ban da't nUdc trong giai doan ddu ciia CNXH khdng phai la sii tii
ti, chim ddm trong lac hau, ciing khdng phai la xa rdi thUc te, chay theo thanh tich, ma phai la kien tri dUa nd trd thanh can cif cd ban de thiic day cai each, vach ke hoach phat trien"
Thii hai la "mot dUdng lo'i cd ban", tifc
la kien tri lay xay diing kinh te lam trung tam, kien tri bd'n nguyen tdc cd ban, kien tri dudng ldi cd ban cai each
md cifa Dudng Id'i nay da tap trung the hien ldi ich can ban va y chi chung ciia nhan dan cac dan tdc Trung Qud'c,
da phan anh quy luat ban chat cua xay diing hien dai hoa XHCN Trung Qud'c, vi the nd la con dudng sinh menh ciia Dang
va Nha nUdc Ne'u coi xay diing kinh te
la ddu tdu ciia hien dai hoa XHCN thi cai each md ciia cd the ndi la ddng cd cua
nd, bdn nguyen tac cd ban cd the ndi la banh lai, ca ba diia vao nhau ke't thanh mot the, trong qua trinh thiic tien thd'ng nhat xay diing CNXH dac sdc Trung Qud'c, bat cif khi nao ciing khdng the dao ddng Day la kinh nghiem chap nhan riii
ro ciia sii nghiep XHCN dac sdc Trung Qud'c, la sii bao dam can ban de dat dUdc muc tieu
Thic ba la "hai nhiem vu can ban", tiic
la giai phdng va phat trien siic san xuat
xa hdi, Cling cd' va hoan thien che do XHCN Tdng cdng trinh sU cua cai each
md cifa d Trung Qud'c- Dang Tieu Binh
da nhieu ldn nhan manh, phat trien siic
NGHIEN CUU TRUNG QUOC so 8 (96) - 2009
Trang 5s a n x u a t xa hoi la nhiem vu can b a r ;ua
CNXH T r u n g Qud'c mud'n thiic hien cai
each md cifa thi can phai k h a c p h u c trd
ngai m a n g tinh t h e che cua p h a t trien
siic san xuat, dieu chinh mdi q u a n he
san x u a t k h d n g phii hdp vdi |)hat t n d n
sifc s a n x u a t va cac m a t , car; k h a u nao
dd ciia kien t r u e thifdng t a n g DiicJng
nhien, cai each md eiia eiia Trunjj (}ud'e
khdng phai la p h a bd ( h e do Xlli^N ma
la phai c u n g ed va h o a n t h i e n che ^'o
XHCN N h u Dai hoi XVll DCS T r u n g
Qudc dii t u y e n bd: "Cai eac:h md eiia la sii
menh vJ dai nidi ma D a n g lanh dao n h a n
dan tidn h a n h t r o n g thdi dai mdi muc
dfch chinh la phiii giai phdng va phat
trien sifc san xuA't thifc hien hien dai
hoa dat nUde do nlian d a n TrLing ()ud'e
hu'dng giau s a n g phii quy, rluYn h u n g
dan toe T i u n g Hua vi dai; chinh la phai
thiic day su LU h o a n thien va phaL t i i e n
che tlo XHC'N eiia T r u n g Qudc, tao siic
sd'ng mdl eho CNXH xay diing va p h a t
t r i e r CNXH dac sac T r u n g Qud'c."
ThiC iiC la "mot bd'cue tdng the", tUc la
bd'cuc tong the "tU vi nha't t h e " xay dUng
k m h le, xay diing e h i n h tri, xay diing
van hoa xay diing xii hdi X H C N dac sac
T r u n g Qud'c CNXH la mot xa hoi p h a t
trien hai hoa tien bo t o a n dien ve kinh
te, chfnh tri, v a n hoa xa hoi T h a n g
9-2004, Hdi nghi T r u n g Udng 4 khoa XVI
DCS T r u n g Qud'c da dc x u a t nhiem vu
lich sif xay d u n g xa hdi hai hoa XHCN,
thay ddi cue dien tdng t h e sU nghiep
XH(^N dac sac Tt ung Qudc, tif "tam vi nha't t h e " xav dUng kinh te, xay diing ehi'nh tri xay du:ig \'n,ii hoa md rdng
t h a n h "tu vi n h a t t h e " bin gdm t h e m ca xay diing xa hoi Dai hd] XVII DCS
T r u n g Qud'c vdi khdi diem lieh sii mdi
da dUa r a sii sap xep toan dien ddi vdi viec xay diing kinh te, xay diing eh.inh tri xay difng van iiea xa\' dUng xa hdi eiia T n m g Qudc (rong giai doan mdi the
ky mdi Cho dii lii xay diing t r e n phifOng dien nao thi cung deu vi muc tieu thiie hien xay dUng mot qud'c gia giau m a n h , dan chu v a n m i n h va hien dai hoa XHCN
Bdn p h u d n g diim tren da\' lidn he vdi
n h a u ket hop hifu cO vdi n h a u da trd
t h a n h mdt ehinh the thd'ng nha't CA) the
ndi hdn phifring di(3n nay la tdng ket khoa hoc ve fiin tdi thiic tien va t h a n h (|ua s a n g lao eiia DCS T r u n g Qud'c va da't nifde T r u n g CJiid'c sau 60 n a m t h a n h laj) nu'dc, dac biet la sau 30 n a m cai each
md cua da t a p t r u n g the hien quy luat
k h a c h q u a n va yeu cau ban c h a t p h a t
t r i e n CNXH dac sac T r u n g Qud'c T r u n g Qudc ngay n a y chi cd di theo con du'dng nay ma klidng phai eon difdiig nao khac mdl ed t h e giai quyet v a ' n , d e ve p h a t trien va tien bd eiia T r u n g Qudc T r u n g Qud'c quyet k h d n g the di con du'ong cii, ddng eifa k h d n g p h a t Lrien, ciing k h d n g the dl theo con difdng ta dao, m a chi cd the di con d u d n g mdi XHCN dac sdc
T r u n g Qudc t r a n ddy sifc sd'ng thi mdi cd the t h u e hien phdn v m h p h u eUdng da't
Trang 6LAC VAN OONG
nUdc va a n k h a n g h a n h phiic cua n h a n
d a n
3 Con duong X H C N dac sac Trung
Quoc la su van dung mang tinh sang tao
va su phat trien cua C N X H khoa hoc
Dai hdi XVII D C S T r u n g Qud'c chi ra:
"Con d u d n g X H C N dac sdc T r u n g Qud'c
la h o a n t o a n c h i n h xac cd t h e d a n d a t sU
p h a t trien va tien bd cua T r u n g Qudc
dicu q u a n t r o n g la T r u n g Qudc da vifa
k i e n tri n g u y e n tac cd b a n cua C^NXH
khoa hoc vifa diia vao thiic te T r u n g
Qud'c va dac trUng thdi dai de trad giii
n h i e m vu dac sac T r u n g Qudc mdi me."
Ly l u a n q u a n t r o n g n a y da chd tha'}'
thudc tinh b a n c h a t -cua cdn d u d n g
XIK^N dac sac T r u n g Qudc, da the hien
rd sU huN'dn bi t r o n g t h a n h ('dng ma con
dudng nay d a t dUcJc
Thic nhdt con du'dng XIK^N dac sac
T r u n g Qud'c da kien tri n g u y e n tac ed
ban ciia CNXH k h o a hoc Cdn d u d n g nay
da kie'n tri ly tUdng cao nha't va yeu cdu
giii Lri cua chu n g h i a edng san, kien tri
lay ehinh D a n g ciia giai cap edng n h a n
lam h a t n h a n l a n h dad, kien tri vi trf
chu t h e q u d n chiing n h a n d a n s a n g tad
lich sif, kidn tri lay giai p h d n g va p h a t
trien sifc s a n x u a t xa hdi lam n h i e m vu
can b a n kien tri m u e tieu cung giau cd
kii^i tri lay vhc dd edng hufu va p h a n
phe'/i thed lad ddng lam cd sd k i n h te cua
CNXH, kien tri lay n h a n dan- ngudi chu
cua d a t nu'dc l a m dac tru'ng b a n cha't cua
chinh tri d a n chu XHCN, kien tri vi Lri
chu dao ciia chu nghia Mac t r d n g linh
viic h i n h t h a i y t h i f c N h i i n g dieu nay
da t h e h i e n sii t i n h t u y va thiic c h a t ciia
C N X H k h d a hoc D d n g thdi, cdn d u d n g
n a y cdn x u a t p h a t tif thiic t e ' T r u n g Qud'c, tif cac phUdng d i e n nhU che dd, t h e che
va bien p h a p de tien h a n h tim tdi va
s a n g tad C N X H k h d a hdc Didu dd chd
t h a y Cdn d u d n g X H C N dac sac T r u n g Qud'c va ('NXH k h d a hdc vUa la sif ke thUa lan n h a u lai la sii tien c u n g thdi dai da lam chd CNXH d T r u n g Qud'c cd
d\i6c sife sd'ng ddi dad da md ra cue dien
mdi cua sU n g h i e p X H C N T r u n g Qud'c
Thic hai edn dUdng X H C N dac sac
T r u n g Qudc ed dac sac thdi dai mdi me Khdng p h a i n g a u n h i e n T r u n g Qud'c md
ra Cdn du'dng nay m a la ed bdi ciinh thdi dai s a u sac Cudi n h U n g n a m 70 cua the
ky XX, khi k i n h te t h e gicii p h a t trien
n h a n h , each m a n g k h d a hoe ky t h u a t mdi d a n g da di len, hda binh va p h a t trien trd t h a n h ehii de thcii dai, T r u n g Qud'c d a n g du'ng tiu'dc n h u n g khd klian nghiem t r o n g do eude "dai each m a n g van hoa" gay r a , D(]S T r u n g Quc'/e
da n h i n r a the' gidi, thifc h i c n quye't sach
t r o n g dai cai each md cifa t r e n cd sd td'ng
k e t k i n h n g h i e m d u n g sai, da md r a cdn
d u d n g X I I C ; N dac sdc T r u n g Qud'c C u n g vdl nhUng bie'n dd'i ldn lad cua t i n h h i n h
t h e gidi 30 n a m q u a nhU sU p h a t trien
n h a n h eiia k i n h te' tdan edu hoa va the gidl da ciic hna sU bidn ddi n h a n h cua Ddng A u va Lien Xd giai t h e , sif van ddhg cua CNXH g a p trd ngai nghii'nn trong NhUng t r o n g cdi each md cifa
Trang 7T r u n g Qud'c da thUe hicn p h a t trien
n h a n h k i n h to' xa hdi, da tie'p n h a n
nhiing t h a n h q u a v a n m i n h tien tien tU
ben ngeai, sUc m a n h tdng h(3p qud'c gia
va vi trf qudc te du'cjc n a n g cao rd ret Cd
the ndi con d u d n g X H C N dac sdc T r u n g
Qud'c h e n ke't m a t t h i e t vdi hoa binh
p h a t trien cua t h e gidi, vdi tien bd van
minh n h a n loai, da t h u a n theo xu the
ldn cua the'gidi da the h i e n yeu cau thdi
dai
ThiC ha, eon dUdng XHCN dac sac
T r u n g Qudc cd dac sac d a n tdc mdi me
Hinh thtic dan tee eiia CNXH la sU bieu
hien cu t h e ciia ndi h a m b a n c h a t cua
CNXH, tfnh u'u viet va sUe sd'ng cua
CNXH ehl cd b a n g h i n h thUc d a n tdc hcip
ly, hieu q u a mdi ed the ducjc p h a t huy
day du Do Ti-ung (Jude d a n g va sd d vao
giai doan dau eiia CNXH trong mot thdi
gian dai, hdn niia d a n ,sd' ddng, d a i canh
tac ft, sU p h a t trien r;i't k h d n g can dd'i,
tinh h i n h ed b a n t r o n g nUdc nay
da quyet dinh den viee T r u n g Qud'c phai
xay diing CNXH, k h d n g gid'ng vdi md
hinh CNXH ciia Lien Xd, cung k h d n g
gici'ng vdi CNXH eiia Viet N a m , Cu Ba,
ma se m a n g dac sac T r u n g Qud'c mdi me
N h u doanh n g h i e p hif(Jng t r a n , dac k h u
kinh te "mot nifdc hai che' do", con
dudng edng n g h i e p hoa kieu mdi dac sac
T r u n g Qudc, eon difdng hicn dai hea
ndng nghiep dac sac T r u n g Qud'c, cdn
dudng dd thi hda dac sdc T r u n g Qud'c,
Cdn dudng t u chii s a n g tad dac sdc T r u n g
Quii'c de\i ngUng t u tU t u d n g t i n h cam
va trf tue chfnh tri cua dan tec T r u n g Hda, Cd p h d n g each T r u n g Qudc va khf
p h a c h T r u n g Qudc ndi bat Chfnh vi een dudng X H C N dac sdc T r u n g Qud'c
da bam re sau vae dai luc T r u n g Qud'c
p h u hcJp vdi thii^' te T r u n g Qud'c nen nd mdi n h a n dUcJc sii u n g he ciia qudn chiing n h a n d a n T r u n g Qud'c ddng dad
n h a t , mdi ed vien c a n h p h a t trien rdng ldn
Spence- ngirdi doat giai Nobel K m h te hdc n a m 2001 t u n g ndi, t h a n h tUu p h a t
t n e n k i n h te cua T r u n g Qud'c vd cung to ldn, md h i n h p h a t trien k m l i te' r a t dac biet, nhUng t r o n g ehieu dai lich sif h i n h
t h a n h h()n 5000 n a m cua T r u n g Quci'c thi
60 nam r a ddi nUdc T r u n g Qud'c mdi va
30 n a m cai each nid ciia ehi la k h o a n g thdi gian r a t ngan, eon difdng XHCN dac sac Ti'ung (Jude nidi d giai doan ddu, edn chUa p h a t t n e n , ehUa hoan thicn, cdn gap nhieu khd klian va t h a c h thUc DC'S
va n h a n d a n T r u n g Qud'c se ra sUc kien tri va k h d n g n g u n g hoan thien con dudng X H C N dac sac T r u n g Qud'c, dam tim tdi , d a m s a n g tao , vU(3t moi hi eiri nguy, kien d i n h k h d n g rdi thiic hien sU phuc hUng vi dai dan tdc T r u n g Hoa t r e n con d u d n g X H C N dac sac T r u n g Qud'c,
nd lUc cd'ng hie'n nhieu hdn cho hoa binh the gidi va sU nghk^p tie'n bd eiia n h a n loai
Nguyin dich: NGVYEN MAI PHUONG NgiCdi hieu dinh: HOANG THE ANH