Viec ky Hiep dinh Pari ngay 23/10/1991 danh da'u sfl ket thuc qua trinh tim kiem va di den mdt giai phap chinh tri cho va'n de Campuchia la sfl ghi nhan nhflng ddng gdp ciia Viet Nam[r]
Trang 1Cac nu6c lang gieng trong chinh sach doi ngoai Viet Nam
thdi ky doi mdi
U O N G M I N H LONG*
/ ^ d the ndi, mdt trong nhflng t h a n h con dfldng p h a t trien da Ifla chgn
V ^ c d n g ndi b a t n h a t ciia ddi ngoai Trong boi canh do, t r e n binh dien doi Viet Nam thdi ky doi mdi la qua t r i n h xd ngoai Dang va N h a nudc Viet Nam nd lUc
ly mdi q u a n he vdi cac nUdc lang gieng, doi mdi t u duy, van dung sang tao tfl tfldng bao gdm cac nflde cd c h u n g bien gidi (Lao, ngoai giao Hd Chi Minh ve "them ban, bdt Campuchia, T r u n g Qudc) va cac nflde thfl", "lam b a n vdi t a t ca mgi nflde dan chd trong k h u viic Ddng N a m A Mfldi n a m va khong gay thfl oan vdi mgt ai"''', md sau ngay giai phdng mien Nam, thd'ng rdng va da phfldng hda q u a n he qudc te,
n h a t dat nflde, Viet N a m phai ddi m a t tim ra k h a u dot pha de thoat vdng bao vay trfldc nhflng khd k h a n thif thach bet sfle ed lap ciia cac the life thfl dich Cflng vdi nghiem trgng; nen k i n h te-xa hdi lam vao chu trfldng binh thfldng hda quan he vdi khiing h o a n g ngay cang trd nen gay gat, Trung Qud'c va My, Viet Nam dac biet coi
an ninh qud'c gia hi de dga bdi tinh t r a n g trgng tien trinh cai thien quan he vdi cac vfla cd hda binh, vfla cd chien t r a n h , cac nflde Mng gieng Deng Nam A, trong dd xac the Itic de qud'c thfl dich xiet chat bao vay dinh giai q u y e t chfnh tri van de ca'm van, q u a n he ddi ngoai hi t h u hep Campuchia la mdt diem dot pha, tao moi trfldc het la do nhflng trd ngai tfl "van de trfldng qud'c te boa binh, dn dinh d khu Campuchia" Bdi vay, bfldc vao thdi ky ddi vfle, t h u a n ldi cho p h a t t n e n dat nudc mdi, Viet N a m dflng trfldc nhflng ddi hdi Do tfldng q u a n life Ifldng d Campuchia bfle bach m a n g y nghia sinh tif la phai tim va sfl dfnh Ifu cua cac the lflc qud'c te cho each thoat ra khdi k h i m g h o a n g kinh te- nen van de C a m p u c h i a chi cd the giai
xa hdi, p h a dfldc the bi bao vay cd cd lap quyet bdng mdt giai p h a p chinh tri Tfl
ve doi ngoai, tie'p tuc thflc hien muc tieu n h a n thflc nay, sau Dai hgi VI (1986) Viet
* Ths Uong Minh Long, TrUOng Chinh tri To Hieu, Hai Phong
Trang 262 Nghien ciai Dong Nam A 5/2009
Nam mgt mat tap trung giflp dd CHND
Campuchia cung cd'lflc Iflcing tren cac mat
tao thuan ldi cho viec thflc hien mgt giai
phap chinh tri; ddng thdi tien hanh rut
toan bg quan tinh nguyen khdi
Campuchia Viec Viet Nam ddn phfldng
rut het quan va rut sdm hdn dfl kien da
tac dgng tich cflc, lam chuyen bien thai do
cua cac nflde hen quan, trfldc bet la Trung
Qud'c va cac nflde Ddng Nam A khac Ddng
thdi, dieu dd da tao da thuc day nhanh xu
the ddi thoai, tang sfle ep ddi phfldng di
vao giiii phap, vd hieu hoa con bai doi "rflt
quan Viet Nam" dfldc dflng de chdng pha
Viet Nam, lam thay doi cd ban tfnh chai
cudc da'u tranh d Campuchia, bien nd
thanh cudc da'u tranh ngi bg gifla ben cua
Campuchia la chii yeu
Viet Nam da cd nhflng bfldc di ngay
cang chit ddng va tfch cflc nham gdp phdn
nhanh chdng tim ra giai phap chinh tri
toan bd, cdng bang hdp ly cho van de
Campuchia Viec ky Hiep dinh Pari ngay
23/10/1991 danh da'u sfl ket thuc qua
trinh tim kiem va di den mdt giai phap
chinh tri cho va'n de Campuchia la sfl ghi
nhan nhflng ddng gdp ciia Viet Nam va
cung la mdt thang ldi trdng trien khai
chinh sach del ngoai ddi mdi ndi chung,
chinh sach vdi cac nflde lang gieng ndi
rieng, tao dieu kien dfla Viet Nam thoat
ra khdi vdng bi bao vay, co lap keo dai ciia
cac the lflc thfl dich
Cling CO va phat trien mdi quan he hflu
nghi gifla 6a nUdc Ddng Diidng luon la
mdt flu tien hang dau trong chinh sach doi ngoai ciia Viet Nam ddi vdi cac nflde lang gieng va khu vfle Trong quan he vdi Lao, tinh hflu nghi doan ket dac biet va sti hdp tac toan dien cd nhieu bfldc phat trien quan trgng va van sau dam nghia tinh thiiy trung trong sang Viet Nam trien khai hdp tac mdt each toan dien, giflp ban phat trien kinh te-xa hdi vdi hang loat cac hang muc kinh te, khoa hgc ky thuat, van hda, giao dtic-dao tao , gdp phan duy tri
dn dinh chinh tri-xa hdi, an ninh cita Lao Viet Nam mdt mat la'y mdi quan he mat thiet gifla hai Dang lam ndng col, mat khac khong ngflng md rdng va nang cao hieu qua hdp tac kinh te, coi dd la tien de vat cha't gan ket hai nflde tren cd sd lau dai, ben vflng Cac cd che tiep xfle ca'p cac cflng vdi nhflng hinh thflc hdp tac phong phfl, hieu qua gifla cac bd, nganh va dia phfldng hai nflde dfldc duy tri, ddi mdi thfldng xuyen, thflc day mdi quan he hdp tac ngay cang tien trien theo hfldng thtic chat hdn, phat huy the' manh va tiem nang ctia mdi nflde, binh dang, cflng cd ldi, danh sii Uu tien flu dai help ly cho nhau, phfl hdp vdi tfnh cha't ciia quan he dac biet gifla hai nflde Ddng thdi, Viet Nam chfl trgng giai quyet tdi nhflng va'n de cdn tdn tai, lam tha't bai am mflu ciia cac the lflc quo'c te'van tim each tac ddng, chia re gifla hai nflde nham ban che anh hfldng va vi the cua Viet Nam d Lao Hien nay, Viet Nam van la mgt trong nhflng doi tac kinh
te hang dau ctia Lao vdi tdng vd'n dau tfl dang ky gan 1 ty USD, kim ngach thfldng
Trang 3Uong Minh Long - Cdc nifdc ldng gieng Irong chinh sdch ddi ngoai 63
mai dat t r e n 300 trieu U S D vay, tinh h i n h ngi bg Campuchia khdng
Viet Nam da kip thdi dieu chinh q u a n ^"^^i gian, vdn an chfla nhflng n h a n td cd
he vdi C a m p u c h i a t r e n cd sd mdi phfl hdp ^^^ ^^^ hfldng de'n q u a n he vdi Viet Nam
vdi tinh h i n h da t h a y ddi s a u khi cd giai Nhflng va'n de hch sfl gifla hai nudc vdn
phap cho v a n de C a m p h u c h i a , p h a t trien ^^^P ^uc hi cac lflc lUdng nflde ngoai ldi
quan he hflu nghi va lang gieng t h a n ^^mg tac ddng theo hfldng chia re quan he
thien, cd q u a n he vdi ca h a i d a n g trong ^^^^ ^ a m - Campuchia
lien minh cam quyen (Dang n h a n dan Trong chinh sach vdi cac nflde lang
C a m p u c h i a - G P P va F U N C I N P E C ) , gieng thdi ky ddi mdi, Viet Nam dac biet
thdng qua thfldng Ifldng giai quyet nhflng coi trgng tien t r i n h binh thfldng boa va
va'n de cdn tdn tai De'n nay, hai nUde xac p h a t trien q u a n he hflu nghi vdi Trung
lap phfldng c h a m chi dao q u a n he la "Hdp Qud'c Sau Dai hgi VI, Viet Nam da xem
tdc ldng giing td't dep, dodn ket hdu nghi xet lai toan bd mdi q u a n he vdi Trung
truyen thd'ng, dn dinh lau ddi" Hai ben da Qudc, k h a n g dinh ro T r u n g Qud'c van la
ky nhieu hiep dinh hdp tac trong cac linh rngt nflde XHCN, n h a n dan T r u n g Qud'c la
vfle, trong dd d a n g chfl y nha't va q u a n n h a n dan each m a n g va cd truyen thd'ng
trgng n h a t la viec C a m p u c h i a (10/2005) hflu nghi lau ddi vdi n h a n dan Viet Nam
ky Hiep fldc bd s u n g Hiep fldc hoach dinh T r u n g Qud'c trong tfl each vfla la mdt nflde
bien gidi qud'c gia n a m 1985, cam ket cdng lang gieng, vfla la mdt nflde ldn, vfla la
n h a n va ton trgng cac hiep fldc, hiep dinh mot nudc XHCN dfldc Viet Nam nhan
bien gidi da ky vdi Viet N a m nhflng n a m thflc cd vai trd r a t q u a n trgng ddi vdi boa
80 Cflng vdi nhflng t h a n h qua dat dfldc Wnh, on dinh cua Viet Nam va cua ca
trong p h a n gidi, cdm mdc bien gidi, giai Dong Nam A, ddng thdi cflng thay rd vi tri
quyet van de bien gidi t r e n bd va tren cua Viet Nam trong chien Ifldc cua Trung
bien, hai ben day m a n h hdp tac tren nhieu Qudc Binh thfldng boa va tang cfldng
hnb vfle nhfl giae due, dao tao, n a n g Ifldng p h a t t n e n q u a n he Viet - Trung la phfl
- dien, y te, giao thdng van tai Hcip tac ^^V vdi Icii ich cd ban lau dai cda hai nudc,
gifla cac dia phfldng Viet N a m - vdi xu the c h u n g cda the gidi
Campuchia ghi n h a n bfldc tien ndi bat, vdi Vdi nhflng nd lflc cua ca hai ben, n h a l
sti ra ddi mdt cd che mdi thdng qua viec to la sfl chu ddng cua Viet Nam, t h a n g
chflc Hdi nghi Hdp tac p h a t trien gifla cac 10/1991 q u a n he gifla hai Dang, hai Nha
tinh bien gidi hai nflde Trao ddi thfldng nflde chinh thflc binh thfldng hoa Viec
mai tien trien t h u a n ldi, n a m 2008 da dat binh thfldng boa q u a n he sau hdn mfldi
tren 1,3 ty USD, pha'n dau hfldng tdi muc n a m q u a n he khdng binh thfldng la mgt
tieu dat 2 ty USD vao n a m 2010 Mac dfl sfl kien ra't q u a n trgng ve m a t dam bao an
Trang 464 Nghien cim Dong Nam A 5/2009
ninh qud'c gia cua Viet Nam cflng nhfl tao
ra moi trfldng khu vfle va qud'c te thuan
ldi cho Viet Nam md rdng quan he hdp tac
vdi cac nflde khac'^' Ke tfl sau binh
thfldng hda de'n nay, quan he Viet-Trung
cd nhflng bfldc phat trien nhanh va toan
dien Khung khd quan he hai nflde dfldc
chinh thflc xac dinh vdi 16 chfl: "Ldng
giing hdu nghi, hdp tdc todn dien, dn dinh
lau ddi, hudng tdi tUdng lai", tiep dd dfldc
bd sung them tinh thdn 4 tdi: "Ldng giing
td't, bgn be tdt, ddng chi td't, ddi tdc td't"
Day la nhflng cd sd de Viet Nam va Trung
Qud'c nang mdi quan he len tdm "Quan he
ddi tac hdp tac chien Iflclc tean dien"
(2008) Hai ben cd nhan thflc chung rdng
rai, chia se sti tfldng ddng quan diem doi
vdi nhieu van de qud'c te va khu vUc Help
tac kinh te, thUdng mai Viet - Trung tang
trudng nhanh Hai nflde da ky Hiep fldc ve
bien gidi tren da't lien, Hiep dinh ve phan
dinh Vinh Bdc Bd, Hiep dinh giai quyet
van de lanh hai, vflng dac quyen kinh te
va them luc dia gifla hai nflde trong Vinh
Bdc Bd va Hiep dinh hdp tac nghe ca
trdng Vinh Bdc Bd Dac biet, ngay
31/12/2008 hai nflde da ra Thdng bao
chung tuyen bd' ket thuc cdng tac phan
gidi cdm mdc tren da't lien Day la sti kien
cd y nghia lich sif trgng dai trong quan he
Viet- Trung Lan dau tien trong lich sif,
hai nflde xac dinh dfldc mdt dfldng bien
gidi rd rang tren da't lien vdi mgt he thd'ng
md'c gidi hien dai, dat nen tang thuan Icii
cho viec xay dting dfldng bien gidi hda
binh, hflu nghi, dn dinh, lau dai, hdp tac
va phat trien, tao dieu kien de hai nflde giai quyet cac va'n de lien quan den lanh hai va bien Ddng Trong quan he vdi Trung Qud'c, Viet Nam da quan triet toi phfldng cham "vfla hdp tac vfla da'u tranh" ddi vdi nhflng van de cdn ba't ddng va tranh chap, kien tri lap trfldng nguyen tdc
va sfl ddc lap tfl chu cua minh
Trien khai dfldng ldi ddi ngoai rdng md,
da phfldng hda, da dang hda Dang va Nha nflde Viet Nam coi trgng xay dflng va
phat trien quan he vdi ccic nUdc ASEAN
Gia nhap ASEAN trd thanh mdt dot pha khau trong chfnh sach ddi ngoai cua Viet Nam va dieu dd cho tha'y ro Uu tien cua Viet Nam doi vdi khu vUc Chinh sach khu viic "sd di can dac biet coi trgng vi tfnh chat dia ly - chinh tri cua nd, ddng thdi vi
nd la sti bac cau vao the gidi"'^\ Tfl sau sti kien nay, Viet Nam tflng bfldc thoat khdi tinh trang hi bao vay, cd lap de bfldc vao mgt giai doan phat trien theo hfldng hgi nhap khu vfle manh me, ddng thdi cai thien rd ret the va quan he vdi cac nflde ldn Ndi each khac, neu khdng la thanh vien ASEAN, quan he ciia Viet Nam vdi cac nflde ldn khd cd the phat trien nhfl thflc te da dien ra
Sau khi gia nhap ASEAN, Viet Nam nd lUc thtic hien ddy dit mgi cam ket va trach nhiem ciia mdt nflde thanh vien, tfch ctic, chii ddng dUa ra nhflng sang kien nham thflc day sfl hcip tac khu vtic, hoan thanh nhieu trgng trach trUdc Hiep hdi Viet Nam td chflc thanh cdng Hdi nghi ca'p cao
Trang 5Uong Minh Long - Cdc nifc'fc ldng gieng trong chinh sdch ddi ngogi 65
ASEAN-Vl (12/1998) vdi chfl de "Doan
ket, hdp tac vi mgt ASEAN boa binh, on
dinh va phat trien ddng deu", tai day
ASEAN da thdng qua "Tuyen bd'Ha Ndi",
"ChUdng trinh hanh ddng Ha Ndi" lam cd
sd cho quan he hdp tac hien tai va tUdng
lai gifla cac nflde ASEAN vdi nhau cung
nhfl gifla cac nflde ASEAN vdi ben ngcai
Viet Nam tie'p tuc md rdng quan he nhieu
mat, tren nhieu tang nac trong khudn khd
da phfldng va song phfldng vdi cac nflde
ASEAN, ddng gdp thiet thflc vao qua
trinh hdp tac lien ket cita hiep hdi hfldng
tdi miic tieu xay dflng Cdng ddng ASEAN
vao nam 2015 vdi ba tru cdt: Cdng ddng
An ninh, Cong ddng Kinh te va Cdng
dong Van hda - Xa hdi ASEAN
Viet Nam da cflng vdi cac nflde thanh
vien khac tao ra Icli the de phat huy ngi
Itic cila Hiep hgi ddi vdi hcip tac ve chfnh
tri, an ninh Ve kmh te, Viet Nam da thflc
hien nghiem tflc cac cam ket theo
CEPT/AFTA va tfch cflc tham gia vao cac
Iinh vtic hdp tac kinh te cu the khac nhfl
tai chinh tien te, dich vu, cdng nghiep,
nang Iflcing va giao thdng van tai Ddi vdi
tien trinh thu hep khoang each phat trien
trong ASEAN, Viet Nam dfla ra sang kien
quan trong ve phat trien kinh te cac vflng
ngh^o lien qud'c gia dgc hanh lang Ddng
Tay (WEC) va ddng gdp tfch ctic vao cac
chfldng trinh dti an ldn ctia ASEAN nhfl
Sang kien hgi nhap ASEAN (lAI) va
Chfldng trinh h(?p tac uy hgi sdng
Mfikdng, De'n nay, kim ng^ch thfldng m^i
vdi ASEAN da chiem 1/4 kim ngach ngoai thfldng cua Viet Nam Cac nflde ASEAN hien cd gan 1 nghin dfl an ddu tfl dang
trien khai b Viet Nam, vdi so' vo'n dau tu
tren 13 ti USD, chiem gan 20% vd'n ddu tfl cac dfl an nflde ngoai d Viet Nam Mat khac, Viet Nam cdn tham gia vdi tmh than trach nhiem vao cac cd che hdp tac
da phfldng ctia ASEAN vdi cac doi tac ben ngoai nhfl: ASEAN+1, ASEAN-i-3, Hdp tac
A - Au (ASEM), Hdi nghi Thfldng dinh Ddng A
Nhflng thanh tflu dat dfldc trong chinh sach va quan he vdi cac nflde lang gieng
da ddng gdp tich cflc vao qua trinh hgi nhap ngay cang sau rdng cua Viet Nam vdi khu viic va the gidi, ciing cd' the va lUc cila Viet Nam tren trUdng quo'c te Va quan trgng hdn, dieu dd da gdp phan tao lap, gifl vflng mdi trfldng khu vUc va quo'c
te hda binh thuan ldi cho cdng cudc ddi mdi, cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda dai nflde, phat trien kmh te - xa hdi, xay dflng
va bao ve Td qudc./
CHU THICH
1 Ho Chi Minh, Toan tap, tap 5, Nxb CTQG,
Ha Ngi 1995, tr.220,
2 Bg Ngoai giao, Hgi nhap qudc te vd gid vdng ban sdc, Nxb Chi'nh tri qudc gia, Ha
Ngi 1995, tr 110
3 Nguyen Manh Cdn, Tren dUdng trien khai chinh sdch ddi ngogi theo dinh hUdng mdi,
T^p chf Cgng San, 8/1992, tr.l2,