Incorrect: Cavitation is the progression of caries past the demineralization stage; remineralization can occur when preventive factors supersede pathological factors; and restoration is
Trang 1Cappelli: Prevention in Clinical Oral Health Care
Test Bank
Chapter 1: Epidemiology/Biology of Dental Caries
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1 The factors that are the cause of dental caries are grouped into all but which of the following
categories?
ANS: A
Correct: Although a person's age may be correlated to their risk of developing caries, it is not a direct causal factor for caries
Incorrect: Host susceptibility, microorganism, and substrate represent the categories of causal factors that must intersect over a defined period of time for caries to occur
2 Which of the following primary processes predominate when pathological factors outweigh the preventive factors?
ANS: C
Correct: Once preventive measures are no longer adequate, the pathogenesis of caries can begin with the primary stage known as demineralization
Incorrect: Cavitation is the progression of caries past the demineralization stage; remineralization can occur when preventive factors supersede pathological factors; and restoration is the surgical repair of a carious lesion and is not related to this question
3 Which of the following primary processes predominate when preventive factors outweigh the pathological factors?
ANS: B
Correct: If preventive factors outweigh pathological factors, remineralization of an incipient carious lesion can occur, thereby reversing the pathological condition
Incorrect: Cavitation is the progression of caries past the demineralization stage;
demineralization can occur when pathological factors supersede preventive factors; and
restoration is the surgical repair of a carious lesion and is not related to this question
4 Which of the following is not considered a pathological factor related to caries?
a fermentable carbohydrates c increase in salivary flow
b decrease in salivary flow d increase in oral pathogens
Trang 2Correct: Increase in salivary flow is actually a preventive factor for caries.
Incorrect: Fermentable carbohydrates, decrease in salivary flow, and increase in oral pathogens can contribute to the progression of caries
5 An adequate salivary flow rate is known as a caries preventive factor because of all of the
following features except:
a it aids in the formation of a bolus of food
b it aids the mechanical cleansing of the oral cavity
c it serves as a buffer against acid by-products or oral pathogens
d it facilitates the host response to pathogenic microorganisms in dental plaque
ANS: A
Correct: Although an adequate flow of saliva does serve to aid in the formation of a bolus of food, this feature does not directly help to prevent caries
Incorrect: Answers b, c, and d are primary preventive features of saliva that inhibit caries
formation
6 The cycle of demineralization-remineralization is affected by which of the following?
a cariogenic bacteria d all of the above
c fluoride exposure
ANS: D
Correct: Cariogenic bacteria, plaque control, and fluoride exposure play a role in the delicate balance between demineralization and remineralization
Incorrect: See rationale for correct response
REF: 3 | 4 OBJ: Caries Epidemiology
7 Which of the following is not traditionally recognized as one of the types of surfaces used to
define caries?
a irregular surface caries c smooth surface lesions
b pit and fissure caries d root caries
ANS: A
Correct: Irregular surface is not used to describe any tooth surface, let alone a surface prone to caries
Incorrect: Pit and fissure, smooth surface lesions, approximal lesions, and root caries are the four traditionally recognized surface types to define dental caries
8 Pit and fissure caries can occur in which locations?
a incisal edges of maxillary and mandibular incisors
b lingual surfaces of maxillary incisors
c buccal surfaces of maxillary molars
d lingual surfaces of mandibular molars
ANS: B
Correct: The lingual surfaces of maxillary incisors often have a lingual pit that is prone to caries Incorrect: All other choices represent smooth surfaces of the teeth described
Trang 3REF: 5 OBJ: Types of Caries
9 Which of the following surfaces is most susceptible to caries formation?
ANS: C
Correct: Normally, root surfaces are protected by the gingival attachment As the gingiva moves apically, as in periodontal disease, the outer layer of the root, the cementum, is exposed and is highly susceptible to caries
Incorrect: All of these surfaces are prone to caries at varying levels However, pit and fissures, smooth surfaces, and approximal surfaces are covered by enamel and are thus more resistant to caries
10 Which of the following is the predominate index used today to measure caries experience, worldwide?
a American Dental Association, ADA
b Basic Screening Survey, BSS
c World Health Organization, WHO
d Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) Index
ANS: D
Correct: The DMFT is the sum of an individual's decayed, missing, and filled surfaces and, therefore, measures one's caries experience
Incorrect: The ADA is a professional organization which represents the dental profession, the BSS is a method of collecting oral health information developed by the Association of State and Territorial Dental Directors to standardize surveillance in the U.S., and the World Health
Organization (WHO) is the United Nations specialized agency for health
11 Early childhood caries (ECC) occurs in which teeth?
a the primary dentition
b newly erupting permanent molars in children
c newly erupting permanent incisors in children
d early childhood caries is not a recognized type of caries
ANS: A
Correct: ECC is defined by its age and disease presentation in the primary dentition only
Incorrect: ECC, by definition, does not occur in permanent teeth ECC is a recognized type of caries
REF: 6 OBJ: Early Childhood Caries
12 Root caries formation tends to begin where?
a the coronal pit and fissures
b the apical aspect of the root surface
c at or below the cemento-enamel junction, CEJ
d approximal coronal surfaces
ANS: C
Correct: Normally, root surfaces are protected by the gingival attachment As the gingiva moves
Trang 4Incorrect: No coronal surface can be the origin of root caries, by definition The apical aspect of the root is always covered by the periodontal ligament and the alveolar bone, except in extreme cases of periodontal disease
13 Causes of gingival recession include all but which of the following?
ANS: D
Correct: Root caries can potentially occur as a result of gingival recession It is impossible for root caries to precede, and therefore be a cause for, gingival recession
Incorrect: All of the other choices are potential causes of gingival recession
14 Risk factors and indicators for dental caries can be categorized into which of the following?
a nonmodifiable factors (i.e., age, gender, race, etc.)
b controllable factors (i.e., lifestyle)
c environmental factors (i.e., fluoridation of community water)
d a and c
e a, b, and c
ANS: E
Correct: All of these categories are used to identify risk factors and indicators
15 Which geographic region of the United States has the highest caries prevalence?
a Northeast
b West
c South
d the regional variation is approximately the same throughout the country
ANS: A
Correct: The Northeast has been shown to have a significantly higher caries burden than other U.S regions
Incorrect: See correct rationale
16 Which of the following factors is not considered contributory to the increasing incidence of
caries in the elderly?
a xerostomia secondary to polypharmacy
b natural deterioration of the dentition
c decrease in motor skills
d adverse dietary changes
ANS: B
Correct: If proper preventive strategies are employed throughout one's life, natural deterioration does not occur in the dentition The other factors associated with advancing age, however, can lead to carious deterioration of the dentition
Incorrect: While aging alone does not increase the risk for future caries, factors associated with aging can have a profound effect on caries risk status
Trang 5REF: 8 | 9 OBJ: Sociodemographic Factors