Test bank for the anatomy and physiology learning system 4th edition applegate

The body system that transports oxygen to body cells is the respiratory system.. The longitudinal plane that divides the body or an organ into anterior and posterior regions is the sagit

Applegate: The Anatomy and Physiology Learning System, 4th Edition

Chapter 01: Introduction to the Human Body

Test Bank

TRUE/FALSE

1 The cell is the simplest living unit of organization within the human body

ANS: T

2 The body system that transports oxygen to body cells is the respiratory system

ANS: F

Blood in the cardiovascular system transports oxygen

3 The part of metabolism that synthesizes large molecules from smaller ones is called catabolism

ANS: F

Anabolism is the building-up process

4 Heat and pressure are physical factors that are necessary for human life

ANS: T

5 When your body needs water, you get thirsty, and then you get a drink This is an

example of a positive feedback mechanism because you take a positive action by getting

a drink

ANS: F

It is negative feedback because taking a drink removes the stimulus

6 In anatomic position your arms are at your sides and palms are facing forward

ANS: T

7 If you are standing on your head, your eyes are inferior to your mouth

ANS: F

Remember that directional terms refer to anatomic position

8 The longitudinal plane that divides the body or an organ into anterior and posterior regions is the sagittal plane

ANS: F

It is the frontal, or coronal, plane.

9 The most inferior abdominal region on the left side is the left lumbar region

ANS: F

It is the left inguinal, or iliac, region

10 The brachium and popliteal areas are part of the axial portion of the body

ANS: F

They are part of the appendicular portion of the body

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1 Anatomy is the study of

a function of living organisms

b structure of living organisms

c diseases of living organisms

d tissues of living organisms

e the bones and muscles in humans

ANS: B

2 A study of the body's defense against disease is called

a pharmacology

b embryology

c pathology

d immunology

e cytology

ANS: D

3 Physiology is the study of _ living organisms

a diseases of

b cellular arrangement of

c digestive processes in

d functions in

e structure of body parts in

ANS: D

4 From simplest to most complex, the levels of organization within the human body are

a chemical, cells, tissues, organs, systems, organism

b chemical, tissues, systems, cells, organs, organism

c cells, organs, organism, chemical, tissues, systems

d organism, systems, organs, tissues, cells, chemical

e cells, chemical, organs, tissues, organism, systems

ANS: A

5 Which of the following are less complex on the organizational scale than organs?

a systems and organisms

b tissues and systems

c cells and tissues

d chemical and systems

e cells and systems

ANS: C

6 The organizational level that consists of cells with similar structure and function and has four groups called epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous is

a chemical

b tissues

c cellular

d organs

e systems

ANS: B

7 The organ system that regulates fluid and chemical content of the body is

a respiratory

b digestive

c cardiovascular

d urinary

e lymphatic

ANS: D

8 The body system that coordinates body activities by receiving and transmitting impulses

is the

a integumentary

b respiratory

c endocrine

d nervous

e muscular

ANS: D

9 The function of the lymphatic system is to

a process food into usable molecules

b defend the body against disease

c transport nutrients and oxygen

d form the framework of the body

e remove nitrogenous wastes from the blood

ANS: B

10 Ductless glands belong to the _ system

a lymphatic

b endocrine

c respiratory

d urinary

e digestive

ANS: B

11 The sum of all life processes is

a homeostasis

b metabolism

c anabolism

d catabolism

e growth

ANS: B

12 Combining a molecule of glucose with a molecule of fructose to make a larger molecule

of sucrose is an example of

a homeostasis

b anabolism

c catabolism

d digestion

e differentiation

ANS: B

13 Differentiation is the process by which cells

a develop distinctive structural and functional characteristics

b select the different substances they utilize

c detect the differences between the external and internal environments

d determine which substances need to be retained in the body and which ones need

to be excreted

e determine which foods are digestible and which ones are not

ANS: A

14 The process by which unspecialized cells change into cells with distinctive characteristics

is called

a differentiation

b reproduction

c anabolism

d organization

e growth

ANS: A

15 Which of the following are physical factors that are essential to human life?

a growth and water

b movement and respiration

c water and pressure

d reproduction and nutrients

e organization and oxygen

ANS: C

16 Which of the following is NOT a physical factor essential for life?

a respiration

b water

c pressure

d heat

e oxygen

ANS: A

17 Body temperature usually shows slight variations, but stays within a normal range This

is an example of

a positive feedback

b catabolism

c homeostasis

d organization

e metabolism

ANS: C

18 Any condition that disrupts homeostasis is called

a negative feedback

b a response

c metabolism

d a stressor

e positive feedback

ANS: D

19 The maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment with only slight deviations within a normal range is called

a metabolism

b anabolism

c catabolism

d homeostasis

e differentiation

ANS: D

20 During the birth of a baby, a hormone called oxytocin causes strong uterine contractions The contractions stimulate the release of more oxytocin, which causes even stronger contractions The cycle continues until there is a culminating event, namely the birth of the baby This is an example of

a metabolism

b homeostasis

c positive feedback

d negative feedback

e uncontrollable homeostasis

ANS: C

21 Homeostasis is ultimately maintained by

a metabolism

b positive feedback loops

c differentiation loops

d negative feedback loops

e anabolism

ANS: D

22 When blood pressure increases above normal, sense receptors detect the change

Responses follow that decrease the blood pressure back to normal This type of response

is an example of

a positive feedback

b negative feedback

c metabolism

d anabolism

e catabolism

ANS: B

23 Jonathan is in anatomic position In this position

a his arms are elevated to shoulder height

b he is sitting down on a chair

c his knees are superior to his hips

d he is face down on a bed

e he is standing with his feet on the floor

ANS: E

24 A patient that is in anatomical position

a is sitting down and facing you

b has arms elevated in front of the body

c has the palms of the hand directed anteriorly

d is standing erect with the head turned to the right

e has the palms of the hands resting on the knees

ANS: C

25 A patient in the anatomical position

a is also in the supine position

b has the buttocks and shoulder blades uppermost

c has the eyes open, facing inward

d has the abdominal surface and palmar surfaces of the hands facing the same

direction

e has the gluteal region and the sternal region facing the same direction

ANS: D

26 Which one of the following pairs of directional terms is not correctly paired as opposites?

a lateral—medial

b superficial—parietal

c anterior—posterior

d proximal—distal

e superior—inferior

ANS: B

27 The term that describes a location toward the front of the body is

a proximal

b frontal

c superior

d anterior

e dorsal

ANS: D

28 The directional term that best describes the eyes relative to the nose is

a lateral

b dorsal

c anterior

d distal

e medial

ANS: A

29 The directional term that is opposite of proximal is

a visceral

b superficial

c deep

d distal

e medial

ANS: D

30 The plane that divides the body or an organ into anterior and posterior portions is the _ plane

a anterior

b sagittal

c midsagittal

d transverse

e frontal

ANS: E

31 Jason's leg was badly crushed in an accident and to save his life the surgeon had to amputate his leg below the knee The primary direction of cut to perform the amputation was in the _ plane

a transverse

b midsagittal

c sagittal

d frontal

e coronal

ANS: A

32 The plane that divides the brain into right and left portions is

a transverse

b frontal

c sagittal

d horizontal

e median

ANS: C

33 The cavity listed below that contains all of the others listed is the _ cavity

a thoracic

b ventral

c abdominal

d pelvic

e abdominopelvic

ANS: B

34 Which of the following pairs of cavities are separated by the diaphragm?

a ventral cavity and dorsal cavity

b thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity

c thoracic cavity and dorsal cavity

d cranial cavity and spinal cavity

e abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity

ANS: B

35 The diaphragm is inferior to the _ cavity

a thoracic

b abdominal

c pelvic

d spinal

e peritoneal

ANS: A

36 The two major cavities of the body are referred to as the dorsal and ventral body cavities The ventral body cavity

a is smaller than the dorsal cavity

b contains organs concerned almost entirely with respiration, integration, and control

c is divided into cranial and spinal portions

d is subdivided into thoracic and abdominopelvic parts

e is divided by the diaphragm into abdominal and pelvic regions

ANS: D

37 Which of the following is totally within the upper right quadrant of the abdomen?

a right iliac region

b hypogastric region

c right lumbar region

d right hypochondriac region

e epigastric region

ANS: D

38 The stomach is just below the diaphragm on the left side Most of the stomach is located

in the _ region

a left hypochondriac

b left lumbar

c left inguinal

d umbilical

e hypogastric

ANS: A

39 The abdominal region that is lateral to the umbilical region is the _ region

a iliac

b inguinal

c lumbar

d hypochondriac

e hypogastric

ANS: C

40 The liver is described as being located in the upper right quadrant of the abdominal cavity This means that a large portion of the liver is located in the _ region

a hypogastric

b right lumbar

c umbilical

d right iliac

e right hypochondriac

ANS: E

41 The arms and legs are part of the

a axial portion of the body

b dorsal body cavity

c appendicular portion of the body

d ventral body cavity

e parietal portion of the body

ANS: C

42 Which of the following belongs to the axial portion of the body?

a arm

b head

c thigh

d leg

e hand

ANS: B

43 Which of the following belongs to the appendicular portion of the body?

a neck

b vertebral column

c ribs and sternum

d thigh

e cranium

ANS: D

44 The region of the ear is the _ region

a oral

b optic

c otic

d ophthalmic

e occipital

ANS: C

45 Intramuscular injections frequently are given in the buttock region This is also identified

as the _ region

a gluteal

b inguinal

c lumbar

d sacral

e iliac

ANS: A

46 All of the following regions are located on the head EXCEPT the _ region

a buccal

b otic

c oral

d ophthalmic

e crural

ANS: E

47 The term costal refers to the

a ribs

b wrist

c abdomen

d forearm

e skull

ANS: A

48 The posterior area of the knee joint is known as the _ body region

a crural

b popliteal

c antecubital

d femoral

e brachium

ANS: B

49 The suffix "-itis" means

a study of

b to cut

c nearest

d inflammation

e upon or above

ANS: D

50 A root that means alike or the same is

a

vas-b

homeo-c

metabol-d

ana-e

dors-ANS: B

COMPLETION

1 What is the term for the study of functions and their relationships to each other and to structure?

ANS: physiology

2 What is the term for the organizational level that is a collection of different tissues that work together to perform one or more functions?

ANS: organ

3 What is the term for the body system that includes the skin?

ANS: integumentary

4 What are three physical factors necessary for human life?

ANS: (any three of these) water, nutrients, oxygen, heat, and pressure

5 What is the term for the condition of a constant internal environment; the internal environment stays within normal ranges?

ANS: homeostasis

6 What is the term for the type of mechanism in which actions stimulate each other until there is a culminating event that terminates the process?

ANS: positive feedback

7 What is the term that means closer to origin or attachment?

ANS: proximal

8 What is the term for the plane that divides an organ into right and left portions?

ANS: sagittal

9 What is the term for the cavity that contains the heart, stomach, liver, and urinary

bladder?

ANS: ventral body cavity

10 What is the term for the smallest or most specific body cavity that contains the heart and lungs?

ANS: thoracic cavity

11 What is the term for the abdominal region that is superior to the umbilical region?

ANS: epigastric

12 What is the term for the central abdominal region?

ANS: umbilical

13 What is the term for the neck region?

ANS: cervical

14 What is the term for the region behind the knee?

ANS: popliteal

15 What is the term for the arm?

ANS: brachium