Test bank for the anatomical basis of dentistry 3rd edition by liebgott

Which of the following statements is/are true about bone.. Blood cells are formed in the fibrous outer layera. Appositional growth takes place only below the covering layer of bone.. Blo

Liebgott: The Anatomical Basis of Dentistry, 3rd Edition

Chapter 1: General Concepts

Test Bank

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1 “Anatomy” comes from Greek root words that mean .”

a “study of the body

b “to classify

c “to cut up

d “study of movement

e “replica of the gods

ANS: C

“To cut up.” Anatomy is derived from two Greek root words that mean “to cut up.”

REF: 1-1

2 The term applied to the study of human form and structure as seen with the naked eye is

a gross anatomy

b neuroanatomy

c imaging anatomy

d cellular analysis

e physical examination

ANS: A

Gross anatomy Gross anatomy is the study of human form and structure as seen with the naked eye

REF: 1-1

3 The study of details of anatomic structure to the level of basic tissue and cell architecture is

a neurology

b regional anatomy

c microbiology

d immunology

e histology

ANS: E

Histology Histology is the study of details of human tissue as seen through a microscope, ranging from basic tissue and cell architecture to ultrastructural elements of tissues and cells REF: 1-1

4 Noninvasive study of living subjects as revealed by radiography, magnetic resonance imaging, or ultrasonography is

a surface anatomy

b imaging anatomy

c neuroanatomy

d gross anatomy

e x-ray studies

ANS: B

Imaging anatomy Imaging anatomy is the noninvasive study of living or dead subjects by conventional radiography, magnetic resonance imaging, or ultrasonography

REF: 1-2

5 What connective tissue contains chondroblasts and has no neurovascular elements?

a Blood vessels

b Bone

c Ligaments

d Cartilage

e Muscle

ANS: D

Cartilage Cartilage is supporting connective tissue consisting of cells (chondroblasts, which give rise to chondrocytes) There are no neurovascular elements within cartilage

REF: 1-4

6 In its early stages, the fetal skeleton consists primarily of _

a sesamoid bone

b cartilage

c short bone

d condyle

e epicondyle

ANS: B

Cartilage During early development, most of the fetal skeleton is present as cartilage

REF: 1-4

7 Calcification is a characteristic of _

a cartilage

b muscle

c vessels

d nerves

e bone

ANS: E

Bone The intercellular matrix of bone becomes calcified for rigidity and strength

REF: 1-4

8 Which of the following statement(s) is/are true about bone?

a Interstitial growth is not possible, and appositional growth takes place only below

the covering periosteal layer

b Periosteum consists of an outer layer of osteoblasts and a fibrous inner layer

c Blood cells are formed in the fibrous outer layer

d White blood cells and phosphorus are stored in bone

e All of the above

ANS: A

Because of bone’s rigid structure, interstitial growth is not possible Appositional growth takes place only below the covering layer of bone Periosteum consists of a fibrous outer layer and an inner layer of osteoblasts Blood cells are formed in bone marrow

REF: 1-4

9 Diploë is found in _

a long bones

b short bone

c condyles

d epicondyles

e flat bones

ANS: E

Flat bones Flat bones consist of a sandwich: two layers of compact bone encasing a cancellous

layer called the diploë.

REF: 1-6

10 The rounded end of a bone with a smooth articular surface covered by cartilage is _

a epicondyle

b sesamoid

c condyle

d trochanter

e crest

ANS: C

Condyle The condyle is the rounded or widened end of a bone with a smooth articular surface covered by cartilage The epicondyle is a ridge of bone above the condyle that provides muscle attachment

REF: 1-7

11 The malleolus is found on bones of the

a upper arm

b leg

c thigh

d shoulder

e skull

ANS: B

Lower leg.The malleoli are two bony prominences found on bones of the leg that serve to bind the lower leg to the ankle Malleoli are not found on any other bones

REF: 1-7

12 A gently rounded depression in bone that may provide space for muscles or a concave area for joint surfaces is a _

a foramen

b fissure

c fossa

d sesamoid

e tubercle

ANS: C

Fossa Fossa is a gently rounded depression that in some cases provides space for muscles and in other cases denotes the smooth concave area for joint surfaces

REF: 1-7

13 Foramen ovale and foramen magnum both describe which feature of bone?

a A notch in the end of a bone

b An elongated space between two bones

c A rounded depression that provides space for muscle

d A raised process or ridge

e A hole for nerves and vessels to pass through

ANS: E

A hole for nerves and vessels to pass through Foramen is a hole in bone that allows structures such as nerves and vessels to pass through

REF: 1-7

14 Which of the following statements is FALSE?

a A joint is an articulation between two or more bones

b Amphiarthrodial joints allow partial movement

c Joints may be composed of fibrous connective tissue, cartilage, or a combination

of both

d All joints allow some movement

e A syndesmosis is a type of fibrous joint

ANS: D

All of the statements are true, except for D Synarthrodial joints allow no movement between the bones they unite

REF: 1-8 and 1-9

15 The peg-and-socket articulation between the roots of teeth and the maxillary or mandibular process is what type of joint?

a Syndesmosis

b Gomphosis

c Suture

d Diarthrodial

e None of the above

ANS: B

Gomphosis A gomphosis joint is in the form of a peg-and-socket articulation between the roots

of teeth and the maxillary or mandibular alveolar process

REF: 1-9

16 The temporomandibular joint is an example of a _

a fibrous joint containing a disc

b fibrous joint without a disc

c cartilaginous joint

d synovial joint containing a disc

e symphysis joint

ANS: D

Synovial joint A synovial joint is freely movable Some synovial joints contain discs interposed between articular surfaces The temporomandibular joint is an example of a synovial joint containing a disc

REF: 1-10

17 A freely moveable shoulder is an example of a _

a ball-and-socket multiaxial joint

b hinge joint

c uniaxial joint

d plane joint

e condyloid joint

ANS: A

Ball-and-socket multiaxial joint A ball-and-socket joint has one bony surface that is ball-shaped and a second surface that is a reciprocal socket, which allows movement in all planes The shoulder is an example of a ball-and-socket joint

REF: 1-10 and 1-11

18 The three types of muscle tissue in the body are

a temporalis, cardiac, and striated

b skeletal, striated, and cardiac

c cardiac, smooth, and fibrous

d smooth, fibrous, and temporalis

e skeletal, smooth, and cardiac

ANS: E

Skeletal, smooth, and cardiac The three types of muscle tissue in the body are skeletal, smooth,

and cardiac Skeletal muscle is also known as striated because it appears striped in a histological

section

REF: 1-12

19 Muscles that encircle openings, such as the eye and mouth, and can open or close the opening are called _ muscles

a pennate

b sphincter

c parallel

d fusiform

e converging

ANS: B

Sphincter Sphincter muscles encircle openings, such as the eye and mouth, and may contract to close the opening Pennate muscle is structured for power In fusiform muscle the fibers

converge at both origin and insertion

REF: 1-13 and 1-14

20 A contraction of skeletal muscle that contracts or tenses the muscle but produces no movement is characterized as _

a antagonistic

b isotonic

c prime

d isometric

e synergistic

ANS: D

Isometric Isometric contractions of skeletal muscle contract or tense the muscle but produce no movement An example is tensing the stomach muscles Isotonic contractions produce actual movement around a joint

REF: 1-13

21 Which of the following is/are TRUE about smooth muscle?

a Smooth muscle lacks the striations of skeletal muscle

b Smooth muscle cells are long and tapered

c Generally smooth muscle forms the walls of hollow viscera and tubes

d Hollow organs, such as the gallbladder, contain smooth muscle

e All of the above

ANS: E

All of the statements are true about smooth muscle

REF: 1-15

22 An anatomical system consisting of fluid, a pump, and a system to transport fluid is best

described as the system

a nervous

b musculoskeletal

c cardiovascular

d genitourinary

e pulmonary

ANS: C

Cardiovascular The cardiovascular system consists of a quantity of fluid, a pump (the heart), and

a series of tubes (veins, arteries, and capillaries) that contain the fluid

REF: 1-15

23 Tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica adventitia are terms used to describe which structure?

a Blood vessels

b Brain

c Lung

d Smooth muscle

e Cartilage

ANS: A

Blood vessels Most blood vessels consist of three coats, or tunics Tunica intima is the innermost coat, tunica media is the middle coat, and tunica adventitia is the outer layer

REF: 1-16

24 The exchange of gases and metabolites takes place between blood and other tissues via _

a arteries

b veins

c arterioles

d ventricles

e capillaries

ANS: E

Capillaries Capillaries form large networks that accommodate large volumes of blood The exchange of gases and metabolites takes place through the endothelial barrier of capillaries, not through veins and arteries

REF: 1-17

25 Which of the following statements about the cardiovascular system is/are FALSE?

a Each vein has a companion artery

b Venules drain capillary beds and coalesce with one another to form veins.

c Generally, arteries have thicker walls than veins

d Blood leaves the heart via arteries and returns via veins

e All of the above statements are false

ANS: A

Veins generally accompany arteries, but in some instances, veins are found without companion arteries All of the other statements are true

REF: 1-17

26 During fetal development, CO2/O2 exchange takes place at the

a heart

b lungs

c brain

d liver

e placenta

ANS: E

Placenta During fetal development, the lungs are not functioning CO2/O2 exchange takes place

at the placenta

REF: 1-18

27 Which of the following statements best describes changes in the newborn circulation system at birth?

a Few substantive changes take place at birth The circulation system is nearly

complete in the eighth month of the mother’s pregnancy

b Various fetal veins and arteries close spontaneously and eventually undergo

fibrosis, thus closing off fetal shunts between arterial and venous circuits

c The major fetal shunts remain open for some days after birth until the newborn’s

lungs are fully functioning

d The umbilical vein and umbilical artery continue to function for some days after

birth and then eventually become thrombosed

e None of the above is true

ANS: B

Various fetal veins and arteries close spontaneously The lungs expand and begin to function at birth Spontaneously the ductus arteriosus closes and eventually undergoes fibrosis Similarly the ductus venosus is obliterated, thus closing off the three major fetal shunts between the arterial and venous circuits The umbilical vein and arteries become thrombosed when the umbilical cord

is cut

REF: 1-19

28 Two types of lymphocytes present in lymph are

a B cells and erythrocytes

b T cells and leukocytes

c erythrocytes and leukocytes

d B cells and T cells

e T cells and erythrocytes

ANS: D

B cells and T cells Lymph contains two types of lymphocytes—B cells and T cells B cells mature in bone marrow and are carried by the blood to the lymph nodes T cells mature in the thymus gland and are carried by the blood to the lymph nodes

REF: 1-19

29 Large groupings of lymph nodes are located in the

a leg and forearm

b axilla and groin

c intestines and stomach

d mandible

e esophagus

ANS: B

Axilla and groin Lymph nodes are found in groups throughout the body, but two particularly large groupings are in the axilla and groin

REF: 1-20

30 Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic system?

a Drainage of tissue fluid and protein back to the blood venous system

b Conduction of fat from the intestines to the blood venous system

c Manufacture of erythrocytes

d Manufacture of antibodies

e Proliferation and circulation of lymphocytes

ANS: C

Manufacture of erythrocytes All of the aforementioned are functions of the lymphatic system, except for C Erythrocytes are produced in the marrow of long bones

REF: 1-20

31 Which of the following is the best general description of the purpose of the nervous system?

a To regulate body temperature

b To produce fundamental body components, such as blood cells

c To combat invasive foreign tissues

d To integrate and interpret stimuli and direct the body to respond in the appropriate

manner

e To facilitate healing after an organ has been damaged

ANS: D

Integrate and interpret stimuli and direct the body to respond in the appropriate manner The human nervous system is a complex and specialized system that reacts to the external and internal environment by integrating and interpreting incoming stimuli and directing the body to respond in the appropriate manner

REF: 1-20

32 The two types of cells that populate the nervous system are _

a neurons and neuroglia

b micron and neuron

c leukocyte and micron

d neuroglia and dermis

e leukocyte and erythrocyte

ANS: A

Neurons and neuroglia Neuroglia and neurons are the primary cells of the nervous system Leukocytes and erythrocytes are blood cells

REF: 1-21

33 The nervous system components that occur at the intercellular junctions of nerve processes or between nerve processes and cells of effector organs are _

a proteins

b neuroglia

c axons

d synapses

e dendrites

ANS: D

Synapses Synapses occur at the intercellular junctions of nerve processes or between nerve processes and cells of effector organs Neuroglia are nonreactive nerve cells

REF: 1-22

34 Which of the following is/are true statements about neuroglia?

a Neuroglia are nonreactive cells that fulfill a supportive role

b Neuroglia maintain homeostasis in the extracellular environment

c Neuroglia are a primary component of the nervous system

d Neuroglia electrically insulate nerve processes from each other

e All of the above are true

ANS: E

Statements A through D are true about neuroglia

REF: 1-22

35 Neuronal bodies that are grouped and found in the central part of the spinal cord, on the surfaces

of the cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres, and scattered throughout the central nervous system are called

a myelin

b gray matter

c ganglions

d neurons

e axons

ANS: B

Gray matter Gray matter is the term for neuronal bodies that are grouped and found in the

central part of the spinal cord, on the surfaces of the cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres, and scattered throughout the central nervous system Neurons are nerve cells Ganglia are collections

of neuronal cell bodies that are outside of the central nervous system

REF: 1-23

36 The component of the nervous system that contains the brain and the spinal cord is the

nervous system

a peripheral

b somatic

c efferent

d afferent

e central

ANS: E

Central The central nervous system (CNS) includes the brain and the spinal cord The peripheral nervous system is composed of nerves outside of the central nervous system

REF: 1-23

37 The somatic nervous system controls which activities?

a Involuntary smooth muscle or glandular tissue activities

b Minute-to-minute vegetative functional activities of glands

c Voluntary and reflex skeletal muscle activities

d Reactions to emergency situations

e All of the above

ANS: C

Voluntary and reflex activities The somatic nervous system controls the body’s voluntary and reflex activities The visceral (autonomic) nervous system controls involuntary smooth muscle, minute-to-minute functions of glands, and reactions to emergency situations

REF: 1-23

38 Axons that carry impulses TOWARD the CNS or higher centers are

a neurotransmitters