Transport of substances into or out of a cell using energy is called: 2.. What is the study of the structures of the body and the relationship of its parts called.. A decrease in the siz
Trang 1Mosby's Essential Sciences for Therapeutic Massage: Anatomy, Physiology, Biomechanics, and Pathology 3rd Edition
Test Bank
Chapter 1: The Body as a Whole
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Transport of substances into or out of a cell using energy is called:
2. Which of the following is the compound that stores energy?
a. Deoxyribonucleic acid c. Ribonucleic acid
b. Adenosine triphosphate d. Water
3. What is the chemical process in the body that joins simple compounds to form more complex compounds like carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids called?
4. What is the study of the structures of the body and the relationship of its parts called?
5. The part of epithelial cells exposed to the atmosphere or a passageway in the body is called what surface?
6. What is the smallest particle of an element that retains and exhibits the properties of that
element?
7. A decrease in the size of a body part or organ caused by a decrease in the size of the cells is called:
Trang 2a. hypertrophy c. atrophy.
8. The part of the tissue that faces the inside of the body is called what type of surface?
9. Which of the following is the structure that attaches epithelial tissues to the underlying
connective tissues?
10. Sugars, starches, and cellulose composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen are categorized as:
11. Contraction to pump blood within the heart is performed by what type of fibers?
12. What chemical process in the body releases energy as complex compounds are broken down into simpler ones?
13. The basic structural unit of a living organism that contains a nucleus and cytoplasm and is surrounded by a membrane is the:
14. A protein substance composed of small fibrils that combine to create the connective tissue of fasciae, tendons, and ligaments is:
Trang 315. Which of the following can withstand the most tension force because it has a high degree of tensile strength?
16. What constitutes approximately one fourth of the protein in the body?
17. Strength with little capacity for stretch describes what type of fibers?
18. Supporting and holding together the body and its parts, protecting the body from foreign matter, and transporting substances throughout the body describes what type of tissue?
19. The fluid that surrounds the nucleus or organelles inside the cell membrane is known as:
20. What is the material enclosed by the cell membrane called?
21. What is the framework of proteins inside the cell that provides flexibility and strength?
22. The movement of ions and molecules from an area of higher concentration to that of lower concentration is called:
Trang 423. What is the genetic material of the cell that carries the chemical “blueprint” of the body?
24. What type of fiber returns to its original length after being stretched?
25. What substance contains only a single kind of atom?
26. The process of bringing particles inside the cell by engulfing them and forming vesicles is called:
b. carrier-mediated transport d. cellular respiration
27. A network of tubular intracellular membranes that is connected to the nuclear membrane is called:
28. What is the term for the capacity to work?
29. Covering and protecting the surface of the body and its parts, lining body cavities, and forming glands describes what type of tissue?
30. The type of tissue that is usually found in areas that move substances into and out of the body during secretion, absorption, and excretion is:
Trang 531. What is the movement of substances out of a cell called?
32. The study of body structures visible to the naked eye is what type of anatomy?
33. What is the term for the relatively constant state of the internal environment of the body that is maintained by adaptive responses?
34. Unions created in specific organic substrates in the presence of enzymes are called what type of bond?
35. An increase in the size of a cell that results in an increase in the size of a body part or organ is called:
36. What is the quality of not permitting entry of a substance called?
37. Which of the following are chemical structures that do not have carbon and hydrogen atoms as the primary structure?
38. What is the period during which a cell grows and carries on its activities?
Trang 639. Carriers that transport substances into or out of a cell using energy are known as:
40. Fats and oils are also known as:
41. What is the cell organelle that is part of the intracellular digestive system?
a. Endoplasmic reticulum c. Golgi apparatus
42. Which of the following is the basic substance between the cells of a tissue?
43. Which of the following is composed of amorphous ground substance consisting of molecules that expand when water molecules and electrolytes bind to them?
44. What is the type of cell division in which each daughter cell receives half the normal number of chromosomes, forming two reproductive cells?
45. What is the thin sheetlike layer of tissue that covers a cell, an organ, or some other structure; lines a tube or cavity; or divides or separates one part from another?
46. The chemical processes in the body that convert food and oxygen into energy to support growth, distribution of nutrients, and elimination of waste are known as:
Trang 7ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 2
47. Molecules synthesized or broken down inside the body by chemical reactions are known as:
48. What are the small projections of the cell membrane that increase the surface area of the cell called?
b. Endoplasmic reticulum d. Microvilli
49. Rod- or oval-shaped cell organelles describe which of the following?
b. Endoplasmic reticulum d. Golgi apparatus
50. The type of cell division in which the cell duplicates its DNA and divides into two identical daughter cells is called:
51. DNA and RNA are two types of what acid?
52. The essential elements and molecules obtained from the diet that are required by the body for normal body function are called:
a. organic compounds c. organic substrates
b. inorganic compounds d. nutrients
53. What are the basic cellular components that perform specific functions within the cell called?
54. Substances that have carbon and hydrogen as part of their basic structure are called:
a. inorganic compounds c. ground substance
b. organic compounds d. connective tissue
Trang 8ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 2
55. The term for diffusion of water in a solution from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration across the semipermeable membrane of a cell is called:
56. What is transportation of a substance across the cell membrane without the use of energy called?
57. Endocytosis followed by digestion of the vesicle contents by enzymes present in the cytoplasm is called:
58. What is the cell membrane made up of lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins called?
b. Phospholipid bilayer d. Ground substance
59. The study of the processes and functions of the body involved in supporting life is known as:
60. What are substances formed from amino acids called?
61. The study of the structures of a particular area of the body is what type of anatomy?
62. Occurring in networks and supporting small structures such as capillaries, nerve fibers, and the basement membrane are what type of fibers?
Trang 9ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 2
63. Transferring genetic information and controlling cellular chemical activities describes what type
of acid?
64. The large cross-striated cells that are connected to the skeleton and under voluntary control of the nervous system are what type of muscle fibers?
65. Regulating blood flow through the cardiovascular system, propelling food through the gut, and squeezing secretions from glands describes what type muscle of fibers?
66. The study of internal organs and structures as they can be recognized and related to external features is what type of anatomy?
67. The study of the structure of a particular body system is what type of anatomy?
68. A group of similar cells combined to perform a common function is known as which of the following?
69. The field of anatomy includes which of the following types of subdivisions?
a. Developmental, organizational, gross, and systemic
b. Organizational, gross, regional, systemic, and pathologic
c. Developmental, gross, surface, and pathologic
d. Developmental, gross, regional, systemic, and surface
Trang 1070. The study of physiology can be divided into what three approaches?
a. Systemic, organizational, and pathophysiology
b. Developmental, regional, systemic, and pathophysiology
c. Developmental, organizational, and pathophysiology
d. Organizational, pathophysiology, and systemic
71. What is the capacity to do work called?
72. Mitochondria, lysosomes and cell nuclei are examples of:
73. Covering and protecting the surface of the body and its parts is a function of what type of tissue?
74. Dr Chen is a researcher analyzing the chemical processes in the body that join simple
compounds to form complex compounds of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids What process is Dr Chen studying?
75. Active transport is the movement of substances into or out of a cell using:
76. Diane has a skin cancer that originated in the tissue surface that faces the inside of the body This means her cancer originated in what part of the tissue?
77. Dr Martin, a researcher, has recently turned her attention to the chemical processes in the body that release energy as complex compounds are broken down into simpler ones What process does her study focus on?
Trang 11b. Anabolism d. Catabolism
78. If yin corresponds to the structure of Kaneesha’s lungs, what does yang correspond to?
a. Bronchial passages within the lung itself
b. The diaphragm, which pushes against the lung
c. Swallowing food
d. The breathing process
79. Erik leaves a classroom discussion feeling that he understands how internal organs and structures can be recognized and related to external features he can see on the outside of the body Erik’s class has discussed what type of anatomy?
80. What is the movement of ions and molecules from an area of higher concentration to that of a lower concentration called?
81. Jesse feels his heart rate increase as he does step aerobics while lifting hand weights to shoulder height This makes him picture his muscles, and he recalls that, unlike his heart muscles, his shoulder muscle fibers can be described by which of the following?
a. Small connective cells c. Involuntary
82. What is a group of similar cells combined to perform a common function called?
83. Lipids, carbohydrates and proteins are distinguished in their chemical composition by:
a. having the same amount of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
b. some having nucleic acids and others not
c. some incorporating ATP into their structures and others not
d. having different amounts of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
84. Contracting the heart to pump blood is due to what type of fibers?
Trang 12b. Reticular d. Connective tissue
85. What is the most abundant type of tissue in the body?
86. What substance contains only a single kind of atom?
87. Jaimie is watching one cell engulf particles located outside its membrane by forming vesicles and bringing it into the cell but not digesting the vesicle contents What is this process called?
88. Lynn is conducting a microscopic observation of a cell when it suddenly engulfs a particle located outside itself by first forming a vesicle and then actually digesting the engulfed particle within its cytoplasm What is this process called?
89. Roger observes a cell moving substances out of itself What is this process called?
90. Amino acids form a substance called which of the following?
91. Eliot has joined a “polar bear club” in Norway, which entails leaping from a sauna into icy waters and back into the sauna again! He says he now appreciates the human body’s adaptability
in maintaining a relatively constant internal environment (in this case warmth!), even though he says he is freezing on the outside What is this state called?
Trang 1392. Small fibrils that combine to create connective tissue of fasciae, tendons, and ligaments
describes:
93. Bob compares a rock with a mushroom Though similar in size and color (and, in his opinion, taste), the rock is a different type of compound than the mushroom, which is organic Knowing this, Bob determines that the rock must not have which of the following as its primary structure?
94. A massage practitioner is effective with palpation and observation skills During assessment, he identified asymmetry in the shoulders and hips In which of the following has he invested the effort to become proficient?
a. Pathophysiology c. Characteristics of life
b. Developmental anatomy d. Gross and surface anatomy
95. During a presentation to a corporation about the value of massage for work performance, a massage practitioner mentions the influence of massage on neurochemicals and its effects on the function of attention and focus during work tasks She is describing massage interacting with:
96. A massage student is frustrated with the study of chemistry in relation to massage The student sees no direct application for the information, and it is confusing Which of the following is an accurate statement that might help the student understand the importance of this information?
a. Current research is attempting to identify the mechanism of energetic forms of
bodywork, and body chemistry is being investigated as a possibility
b. The building blocks at the cellular level influence the systemic anatomy, which in
turn influences palpation assessment during massage application
c. Gross anatomy and pathophysiology are both representatives of the nucleic acids
and the phospholipid membrane
d. Elements including atoms and molecules are the basis of the law of five-element
theory in Chinese medicine
97. Massage is purposeful touching The skin is a major organ influenced by massage and a major area for assessment By observing and palpating the skin, it is possible to get an impression of the general adaptive strain on homeostatic mechanisms This is because the:
Trang 14a. skin cells hypertrophy and then atrophy with adaptive strain.
b. epithelial tissues reproduce quickly, and how effective the tissues replace
themselves can be observed to indicate stress levels
c. integument is involved in the active transport of cytoplasm, which increases the
tendency of the skin to become red and damp and exhibit goose flesh, all indicators
of potential adaptive strain
d. surface of the skin consists of apical and basal cells, which are responsible for
wound healing If wound healing is slow, then adaptive response is strained
98. During massage application, while kneading the tissue, the massage practitioner notices that the pliability increases The client is pleased with the increase in flexibility The best description of this benefit is the:
a. piezoelectric property of nervous
tissue
c. thixotropic nature of ground substance
b. interrelationship of prana with Qi d. the activation of mast cells
99. The study of gross anatomy includes:
a. body divided into its systems c. cellular physiology
b. body structures visible to the naked
eye
d. processes and functions of the body
100. What does physiology explain?
a. Functions of the body that support life
b. Wholeness of the structure of the body
c. How the body is laid out like a map
d. How the different parts of the body connect to each other
101. Yin and yang combine to form a whole unit and describe:
a. the physiology of thinking c. the relationship of opposites
b. how solid organs form d. physiology in terms of Western
science
102. Which of the following is a characteristic of life?
103. Metabolism is defined by the body organization level of: