Test bank for essentials of anatomy and physiology 1st edition patton

Patton, Thibodeau & Douglas: Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 01: Organization of the Human Body Test Bank TRUE/FALSE 1.. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 11 TOP: Terms Rela

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Patton, Thibodeau & Douglas: Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology

Chapter 01: Organization of the Human Body

Test Bank

TRUE/FALSE

1 The term anatomy refers to the functioning of the structures of the human body.

TOP: Human Anatomy and Physiology

2 The term physiology refers to the functioning of the structures of the human body.

3 The difference between the study of gross anatomy and microscopic anatomy is the size

of what is being studied

ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 3

4 Gross anatomy includes the study of both cytology and histology

5 Dissection is one method that biologist use to improve our understanding of human physiology

ANS: F DIF: Application REF: Page 4

6 A hypothesis has more experimental support behind it than a theory

7 Experimental support can elevate a hypothesis into a theory

8 The sum total of all life’s physical and chemical processes is called metabolism

9 Both elements and macromolecules are more complex than molecules

TOP: Levels of Structural Organization

10 In the levels of organization, organelles are between the chemical level and the cellular level

11 Groups of many related cells that develop together are called tissues

12 The four major tissues of the body are bone, connective, nervous, and muscle

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ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 6

13 Organs of the body join together from the 10 organ systems of the body

14 The reference position that is used to study the body is called the anatomical position

TOP: Anatomical Position

15 A body standing facing forward with the feet and head facing forward and the arms at thesides with palms facing forward describes bilateral symmetry

16 The thoracic cavity is part of the ventral cavity

TOP: Body Cavities

17 All of the organs in the thoracic cavity are in the mediastinum

TOP: Body Cavities

18 The abdominopelvic cavity is part of the dorsal cavity

TOP: Body Cavities

19 The dorsal cavity contains the cranial cavity, the oral cavity, the orbital cavity, and the spinal cavity

TOP: Body Cavities

20 The internal organs of the body are covered by a thin membrane called the parietal membrane

TOP: Body Cavities

21 The head, neck, and trunk of the body make up the axial portion of the body

TOP: Body Regions

22 For convenience in locating abdominal organs, anatomists divide the abdomen into a grid

of six imaginary regions

TOP: Body Regions

23 In anatomical directions, superficial and superior mean the same thing.

TOP: Terms Related to Anatomical Direction

24 In anatomical directions, dorsal and posterior mean the same thing.

25 The heart is inferior to the brain

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26 The knee is distal to the foot

27 The skin of the arm is superficial to the bone of the arm

28 The nose is lateral to the ears

29 Blood would flow through the lumen of a blood vessel

TOP: Terms Related to Organs and Organ Systems

30 The medulla of an organ would be superficial to the cortex of an organ

TOP: Terms Related to Anatomical Direction | Terms Related to Organs and Organ Systems

31 A midsagittal section would form two bilaterally symmetrical parts

TOP: Body Planes and Sections | Human Anatomy and Physiology

32 A sagittal section can also be called a frontal section

TOP: Body Planes and Sections

33 A transverse plane is also called a horizontal plane

34 Homeostasis describes the relatively constant internal states maintained by the human body

TOP: The Concept of Homeostasis

35 One of the homeostatic control mechanisms is called a feedback control loop

TOP: Homeostatic Control Mechanisms

36 In every feedback loop there are four basic components: the sensor, the integrator, the effector, and the affector

37 The term efferent means that a signal is moving away from a particular center.

38 The term afferent means that a signal is moving away from a particular center.

39 If a thermostat was set at a temperature of 65°, the 65° would become the set point

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ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 14 | Page 15

40 In the heating system example, the thermostat would be the sensor for a heating system.ANS: F DIF: Application REF: Page 14 | Page 15

41 In the heating system example, the furnace is the effector

ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 14 | Page 15

42 In the human body, the body temperature is regulated by the hypothalamus

43 Skeletal muscles act as affectors in returning the body temperature to the set point

44 A negative feedback control system produces a reaction opposite to the change that activated the system

TOP: Negative Feedback Control Systems

45 The set point for blood sugar is about 100 mg/ml If the sugar level goes above that value,the body takes steps to lower the level This is an example of a negative feedback loop

46 A positive feedback loop amplifies or reinforces the change that activated the system

TOP: Positive Feedback Control Systems

47 Most of the body’s control systems work off a positive feedback control system

48 The feed-forward systems in the body are almost always negative feedback control systems

49 The birth of a baby is an example of a positive feedback mechanism

50 Because they work outside the cell, controls operated by tissues and organs are called extrinsic control systems

TOP: Levels of Control

51 As a person ages, the homeostatic control mechanisms become more and more efficient and effective

TOP: Cycle of Life

52 The term atrophy is used to describe the wasting effects of advancing age.

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ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 17

TOP: Cycle of Life

53 In the descriptive terms for body regions, the term mental refers to the brain.

REF: Page 10 (Table 1-4) TOP: Body Regions (Table 1-4)

54 In the descriptive terms for body regions, the carpal region would be distal to the brachialregion

REF: Page 10 (Table 1-4)

TOP: Body Regions (Table 1-4) | Terms Related to Anatomical Direction

55 In the descriptive terms for body regions, the cephalic region is superior to the crural region

56 In the descriptive terms for body regions, the manual region is proximal to the cubital region

57 In the descriptive terms for body regions, the buccal and oral regions would be referring

to generally the same part of the body

58 A horizontal line and a vertical line passing through the umbilicus divides the abdomen into right and left upper and right and left lower quadrants

11

TOP: Abdominal Regions and Abdominopelvic Quadrants

59 The term basal refers to the narrower tip of an organ.

TOP: Terms Related to Organs and Organ Systems

60 A cut made in a midsagittal plane would separate the right arm from the left arm

61 A cut made in a coronal plane would separate the head of the body from the feet of the body

62 A cut made in a transverse plane would separate the face from the back of the head.ANS: F DIF: Application REF: Page 12

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MULTIPLE CHOICE

1 Metabolism refers to:

a the chemical basis of life

b the sum of all the physical and chemical reactions occurring in the body

c an organization of similar cells specialized to perform a certain function

d a subdivision of physiology

ANS: B DIF: Application REF: Page 5

TOP: Characteristics of Human Life

2 Homeostasis can best be described as:

a a constant state maintained by living and nonliving organisms

b a state of relative constancy

c adaptation to the external environment

d changes in body temperature

ANS: B DIF: Application REF: Page 13

TOP: The Concept of Homeostasis

3 From smallest to largest, the levels of organization of the body are:

a organism, chemical, tissue, cellular, organ, system, organelle

b chemical, microscopic, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organism

c organism, system, organ, tissue, cellular, organelle, chemical

d chemical, organelle, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organism

4 The smallest living units of structure and function in the body are:

a molecules

b cells

c organelles

d atoms

5 Groups of cells that are organized to perform a certain function are called a(n):

a tissue

b organism

c system

d organ

6 An organ is one organizational step lower than a(n):

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7 Which of the following is not one of the basic components in a feedback control loop?

a Effector

b Transmitter

c Sensor

d Integrator

TOP: Basic Components of Control Mechanisms

8 All of the following systems and their organs participate in the actions of transport and defense within the human body except the:

a urinary system

b cardiovascular system

c lymphatic system

d Neither A nor C is involved in transport and defense

REF: Page 6 (Table 1-2) TOP: Transportation and Defense

9 The body’s thermostat is located in the:

a heart

b cerebellum

c pituitary

d hypothalamus

TOP: Basic Components of Control Mechanisms

10 The reproductive system includes all of the following except the:

a testes

b ovaries

c ureter

d penis

REF: Page 6 (Table 1-2) TOP: Body Systems

11 The contraction of the uterus during the birth of a baby is an example of:

12 Negative feedback mechanisms:

a minimize changes in blood glucose levels

b maintain homeostasis

c are responsible for an increased rate of sweating when air temperature is higher than body temperature

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d are all of the above.

13 The lungs are located in the:

a thoracic cavity

b mediastinum

c abdominal cavity

d cranial cavity

REF: Page 8 (Table 1-3) TOP: Body Cavities

14 The mediastinum contains all of the following except the:

a trachea

b venae cavae

c right lung

d esophagus

15 The gallbladder lies in the:

a abdominal cavity

b pelvic cavity

c dorsal cavity

d mediastinum

16 The number of abdominal regions is:

a three

b five

c seven

d nine

REF: Page 11 (Figure 1-5) TOP: Abdominal Regions

17 Popliteal refers to the:

a calf

b ankle

c cheek

d area behind the knee

REF: Page 10 (Table 1-4) TOP: Descriptive Terms for Body Regions

18 A plane through the body that divides the body into right and left sides is called:

a sagittal

b frontal

c coronal

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d transverse.

19 The abdominal quadrants are located with what structure as their midpoint?

a Umbilicus

b Pubic bone

c Xiphoid process

d Iliac crest

REF: Page 9 (Table 1-2) TOP: Abdominopelvic Quadrants

20 Humans have similar right and left sides of the body, at least superficially This is an example of:

a anatomical position

b anterior symmetry

c ipsilateral position

d bilateral symmetry

21 Two major cavities of the human body are:

a ventral/dorsal

b inferior/superior

c visceral/parietal

d axial/appendicular

TOP: Body Cavities

22 The dorsal cavity contains all of the following except the:

a brain

b spinal column

c spinal cord

d thyroid gland

TOP: Body Cavities

23 A plane through the body that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions is:

a sagittal

b median

c coronal

d transverse

24 The plane that divides the individual into upper and lower parts is the:

a sagittal plane

b frontal plane

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c transverse plane.

d superficial plane

25 An idea that is supported by repeated experiments and observation is called a:

a fact

b theory

c concept

d hypothesis

26 Molecules are:

a atoms combined to form larger chemical aggregates

b electrons orbiting nuclei

c a complex of electrons arranged in concentric shells

d composed of cellular organelles

27 The mitochondria is an example of a(n):

a molecule

b cytoplasm

c organelle

d plasma membrane

28 Several kinds of tissues working together is termed a(n):

a plasma membrane

b organ

c organism

d organ system

29 Blood production is a function of which system?

a Reproductive

b Respiratory

c Skeletal

d Lymphatic

REF: Page 6 (Table 1-2) TOP: Support and Movement

30 Positive feedback control systems:

a have no effect on the deviation from the set point

b accelerate a change

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c ignore a change.

d resist change

31 The dorsal body cavity contains the:

a brain and spinal cord

b heart and lungs

c reproductive organs

d digestive organs

TOP: Body Cavities

32 The ventral body cavity contains the:

a thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

b heart and lungs only

c digestive and reproductive organs only

d brain and spinal cord

TOP: Body Cavities

33 The axial portion of the body consists of the:

a arms, neck, and legs

b neck, torso, and arms

c torso, arms, legs, and head

d head, neck, and torso

TOP: Body Regions

34 The abdominopelvic cavity contains all of the following except the:

a stomach

b pancreas

c heart

d reproductive organs

35 Visceral peritoneum would cover which of the following organs?

a Heart

b Intestines

c Lungs

d Spinal cord

TOP: Body Cavities

36 A sagittal section divides the body into:

a upper and lower portions

b right and left portions

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