Test bank for health psychology a cultural approach 2nd edition by gurung

Name Chapter 1: Health Psychology: Setting the Stage Description Add Question Here Question Health psychologists are most likely to define health as: Answer the absence of disease sp

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Name Chapter 1: Health Psychology: Setting the Stage

Description

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Question Health psychologists are most likely to define health as:

Answer the absence of disease

spiritual balance mental, physical, spiritual, and psychological well-being

a pulse rate of 120/50 and a heart rate of 55 beats per minute

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Question Every day, each of our behaviors can influence our health Given the many components of being healthy, health is best conceptualized as:

absolute

a continuum unstable

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Question The WHO (World Health Organization) defines health as:

Answer a state of physical and social well-being

a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being eating and sleeping well, and taking time to relax

a transitional life experience

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Question Which of the following is not an element of culture?

religion ethnicity none of these

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Question Culture is best defined as:

Answer a set of beliefs shared by a group

race and ethnicity religion, family values, and race the values of our parents and family members

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Question Members of different cultures use different definitions of health, which in turn vary from place to place This highlights the importance of

studying the general concept of:

context geography psychology

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Question Which of these circumstances is related to a higher occurrence of most chronic and infectious disorders?

socioeconomic status race

ethnicity

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Question The Green physician best known for dissections and providing us with anatomy data was:

Answer Plato

Galen Hippocrates Aginostophenes

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Question Which of the following is the primary focus of health psychology?

Answer health promotion and maintenance and preventing and treating illness

etiology and correlates of health and illness revising the health care system

finding the cure for disease like HIV and cancer

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Question _ refers to the number of cases of a disease that exist at some given point in time _ refers to the number of deaths due to

particular causes

mortality; morbidity epidemiology;pathogenesis etiology; epidemiology

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Question _ and _ are related to socioeconomic status and higher rates of nearly all major causes of mortality and morbidity.

Answer acute disorders, stress diseases; stress diseases, acute disorders

pneumonia, diabetes; diabetes, pneumonia hereditary disorders, accidents; accidents, hereditary disorders chronic illnesses, infectious diseases; infectious diseases, chronic illnesses

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Question In studying about cultural differences in health, we should remember that:

Answer in-group differences and between-group differences both occur

between-group differences are often greater than between group differences

racial differences outweigh all other cultural differences most cultural differences are insignificant from a global level

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Question The major approach used by health psychologists is the:

psychosocial model biosocial model biopsychosocial model

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Question As far as we know, history suggests that our ancestors considered the mind and body to:

be separate

be connected part of the spirit

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Question Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has the following understanding of health:

Answer eat and drink and equal among of hot and cold qualities

the way you live your life should have both hot and cold qualities both a and b

none of the above

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Question The father of Western medicine is:

Socrates Plato Hippocrates

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Question The first psychologist to link illness with psychological causes is:

Dunbar Alexander Wundt

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Question Helen Dunbar and Franz Alexander were instrumental in establishing the earliest organization to study psychological determinants on

health It is called:

Society for Behavioral Medicine Psychosomatic Medicine American Psychosomatic Association

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Question The study of the frequency, distribution, and causes of different disease is known as:

medical sociology medical anthropology biopsychometrics

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Question _ are most likely to consider health and medical care within the context of cultural systems.

Medical anthropologists Cultural anthropologists Cultural psychologists

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Question Health psychology is best described as an interdisciplinary subdiscipline of psychology primarily focused on:

promoting health discovering causes of illness aiding recovery from illness

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Question The organization formed to focus on health psychology is:

Answer Health Psychology Association

Society of Behavioral Medicine Psychosomatic Medicine American Psychological Association

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Question When we define our culture, our views of ourselves reside at different levels of conscious awareness This is the definition for:

level of analysis cultural impact attitudes

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Question Culture is commonly thought to be:

religion gender ethnicity

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Question The best indicator of an individual’s health is the extent to which they:

drink alcoholic beverages are physically active follow general healthy behaviors

Question One of the earliest psychologists to write about spirituality, health, and psychology was:

James Wundt Dunbar

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Question One of the strongest cultural determinants of health beliefs and behaviors (e g eating) is:

ethnicity gender religion

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Question One of the most important aspects of culture is socioeconomic status (SES) SES is commonly measured by:

Answer family income, parental education and occupational status

an individual’s age, sex, and family size age, income and place of residence social and economic skills, and level of education

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Question The most basic form of research assessing the association between two variables is known as:

random retrospective coefficient

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Question Which is the strongest correlation listed?

56 -.23 -.76

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Question Experiments are powerful and help determine cause because the experimenter manipulates a variable between groups holding other

factors constant This manipulated variable is the:

dependent variable extraneous variable control variable

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Question Sometimes we cannot manipulate some of the variables we are most interested in (e.g., having cancer) We use naturally occurring

groups This form of research is known as:

quasi-experimental clinical trials controlled trials

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Question Inactive substances similar to the experimental drugs given to test the power of expectations are called:

distracters placebos dependent variables

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Question The proportion of the population that has a particular disease at a particular time gives:

morbidity prevalence rate incidence rate

Question The frequency of new cases of a disease during a year is known as:

morbidity prevalence rate incidence rate

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Question Studies that follow a group of people for a number of years to determine whether certain variables predict disease are called:

prospective retrospective cross-sectional

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Question One of the most common subject variables in psychological research is:

age ethnicity health behaviors

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Question Studies where one group gets an experimental drug and another gets a placebo are called:

correlational studies quasi-experimental studies longitudinal studies

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Question An experiment is being conducted to determine the effects of caffeine intake on student performance One group is made to drink 5 cups

of coffee, the other group drinks 1 cup of coffee They then take the exam The independent variable is _

the group membership

how alert the students are during the exam

the students performance on the exam

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Question This is one critical factor in a research study that can make previously insignificant changes significant:

funding sources researcher credibility increasing the sample size

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Question Researchers select individuals who are HIV positive, and those who are not HIV positive, and train both in a certain form of coping After

a year, their health and well-being are compared and measured This design is most likely a(n):

experiment retrospective quasi-experiment

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Question When the three main biological units, enzymes, tissues, and excretory functions, are in harmonious condition and when the mind and

senses are cheerful, this would best describe this medicine system:

Western style medicine traditional Navajo medicine Ayurveda

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Question Psychosomatic medicine studies:

Answer the advances of holistic medicine.

behavioral medicine

sleep disorders

the influence of mind on health

Question What region of the United States has a higher incidence of smoking?

Midwest Southern California and Arizona Kentucky and Virginia

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Question The analytical research question whether men or women have a higher occurrence of heart attacks is called:

cross-sectional absolute risk odds ratio

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Question The “state in which disease is absent” is a common definition for:

Western medical circles

curanderos

biopsychosocial approach

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Question According to the National Center for Health Statistics, in the year 2000, which group of individuals ranked at the top for causes of death

that included homicide, heart disease and cancer?

African Americans Asians

Caucasians

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Question People may smoke due to:

Answer pressure from their social networks

for psychological stress reduction personality traits

all of the above

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Question What are the benefits of using a peer reviewed article for research?

Answer You can learn about different cultures.

You will be a better consumer of science

It is not a benefit, and one should use other media outlets to keep up on more up-to-date events

You will save money in your research

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Question Regarding the culture of religion: of the 302 million Americans accounted for in the last United States census, the top three specified

religions of those individuals, with the highest percentage listed first is:

Christian, Muslim, Jewish Catholic, Protestant, Jewish Christian, no affiliation, Jewish

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Question The answer to “are you healthy” can vary according to how old you are, what your parents and friends think constitutes health, and what

your religious or ethnic background is, and what a variety of other factors indicate about you

False

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Question According to the chart “Regarding Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Blacks and Whites for Three Causes of Death, and Racial Disparities,

1950-2000,” in the year 2000 African Americans (indicated as “blacks”) are at a higher risk for death from heart disease than Caucasians (indicated

as “whites”)

False

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Question Traditional Mexican American patients may go to a Western doctor to cure a biological problem but only curanderos, or healers, can be

trusted to cure spiritual problems

False

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Question Ayurveda is an ancient Native American system of medicine that focuses on the body, the sense organs, the mind and the soul.

False

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Question Native Americans draw distinctions between physical, spiritual, and social entities, and especially draw distinctions between religion and

medicine

False

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Question Leonardo Da Vinci, an Italian artist during the Renaissance, was able to draw detailed diagrams of the human body due, in part, to the

encouragement of the Roman Catholic Church for scientists and artists of that era to perform dissections This is one example of the spiritual/physical connectiveness of Health Psychology

False

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Question Morbidity is defined as the number of deaths related to a specific cause.

False

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Question Health psychology is different from other psychology fields in that is does not need to rely firmly on the scientific method.

False

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Question Regarding research and the change in statistics: all change in the data is statistically significant, and all statistically significant change is

meaningful change

False

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Question Because using naturally occurring groups is not a perfect experiment, such designs are referred to as quasi-experimental designs, and the

independent variables are called subject variables

False

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Question This question concerns cross-cultural definitions of health Define, compare and contrast Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and

Ayurveda

Answer Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM): ancient health belief that health is the balance of yin and yang, two complementary forces in the

universe Yin and yang are the two complementary forces in the universe (Kaptuchuk, 2000) Yin and yang are often translated into hot and cold, referring to qualities and not temperatures To be healthy, what you eat and drink and the way you live your life should have equal amounts of hot qualities and cold

qualities

Ayurveda: “Knowledge of Life,”an ancient system of medicine focuses on the body, the sense organs, the mind and the soul Three main

biological units, enzymes, tissues, and excretory functions, are in harmonious condition and when the mind and sense are cheerful”(Chopra

& Doiphode, 2002; Kash, Junius, & Dash, 1997) Balancing hot and cold is another critical element

Compare: both ancient medicines, both are about balancing hot and cold elements, both are about the notion of basic elements

Contrast: TCM is about balance of yin and yang, and is ancient Chinese medicine Ayurveda is about balance of mind, body and soul, and

is ancient East Indian medicine

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Question Regarding the definition regarding culture: answer the social psychologist test question “Who am I?” Please include at least five different

definitions of culture within your answer

Answer

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Question How does socioeconomic status (SES) affect the health of individuals?

Answer Poverty and illness go together, often linked by factors such as access to health care and insurance The cultural makeup of who is poor is

changing Disparity in poverty rates of European Americans and other ethnic groups have dropped 23% overall, and such changes can influence usage of health services and other health factors (Wollman, Yoder, Brumbabugh-Smith, & Haynes, 2007) Socioeconomic status

is related to a higher occurrence of most chronic and infectious disorders and to higher rates of nearly all major causes of mortality and morbidity (Adler, Boyce, Chesney, Folkman, & Syme, 1993) The more money you have, the better your health

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Question What is Health Psychology, in particular the subdivision of the American Psychological Association (APA Division 38) dedicated to?

Answer 1 Advancing the contributions of psychology to the understanding of health and illness through basic and clinical research.

2 Encouraging the integration of biomedical information about health and illness with current psychological knowledge

3 Promoting education and services in the psychology of health and illness

4 Informing the psychological and biomedical community and the general public about the results of current research and service activities

in this area (APA, 2001)

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Question Compare and contrast the beliefs and values of traditional Mexican American and most Native American tribes concerning health care.

Answer Mexican American: both natural biological causes and spiritual causes for illness(Trotter & Chavira, 1997) Mexican American patients may

go to a Western doctor to cure a biological problem, only curanderos, or healers, can be trusted to cure spiritual problems Beliefs include

the balance of body types and energies

Many Native American tribes (especially the Navajo) strive to achieve a balance between human beings and the spiritual world (Alvord &

Van Pelt, 2000) The trees, animals, earth and sky and the winds are all players in life Beliefs include spiritual, mental and physical harmony, and harmony with nature

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