Add Question Here Question The logical scientific method for studying nature includes all of the following EXCEPT: developing explanations testing the explanations genetically engineeri
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Name CHAPTER 1 INVITATION TO BIOLOGY
Description
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Question Recent expeditions into New Guinea found Answer dozens of new species of animals.
plants that had plate-sized flowers
a bird that was thought to be extinct
New Guinea has a history of several billion years
all of these
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Question The logical scientific method for studying nature includes all of the following EXCEPT:
developing explanations testing the explanations genetically engineering test subjects
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Question Which is the smallest unit of life that can exist as a separate entity?
a molecule
an organ
a population
an ecosystem
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Question The most inclusive level of organization listed here is a(n)
atom
molecule
multicelled organism
cell
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Question In order to survive and reproduce, a cell needs Answer an energy source.
raw materials
a suitable environment
DNA
all of these
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Question Nature is in the universe except what humans have .
Answer living; destroyed
everything; manufactured macromolecular; genetically engineered verifiable life-forms; selectively bred matter; artificially created
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Trang 2Question
The level of organization represented in the figure is a(n)
tissue
molecule
organ
cell
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Question A community Answer includes all populations of all species in an area.
features the living organisms interacting with the physical and chemical environment
is the sum of all places in Earth's atmosphere, crust, and waters where organisms live
includes members of only one species
is at a higher level than an ecosystem
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Question
The above figure represents a(n)
tissue
molecule
organ
cell
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Question The level of organization where factors such as sunlight, rainfall, and temperature enter the picture is the
ecosystem
biosphere
molecule
community
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Question Living organisms are members of all of the levels listed below; however, rocks are components of
the population
the ecosystem
the biosphere
both the ecosystem and the biosphere
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Question A(n) property is a characteristic of a system that does not appear in any of its component parts.
emergent elective energetic living
Trang 3Question All organisms are alike in their Answer requirements for energy.
participation in one or more nutrient cycles
ultimate dependence on the sun
interaction with other forms of life
all of these
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Question Which of the following is NOT a key characteristic of "life"?
Answer organization into cells
response to environmental change reproduction
inability to change using energy
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Question Living organisms are different from inanimate objects because they Answer react to environmental stimuli.
exhibit massive complexity
possess molecules of deoxyribonucleic acid
exhibit multiple levels of organization
all of these
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Question The conversion of solar energy to chemical energy is known as
photosynthesis
chemosynthesis
catabolism
anabolism
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Question Organisms sense and respond to changes both inside and outside the body by way of
photosynthesis
receptors
catabolism
anabolism
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Question DNA codes for the production of Answer proteins.
minerals
inorganic molecules
vital gasses
water
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Question Which of the following do not depend directly on sunlight for energy?
I terrestrial producers
II animal consumers III decomposers
II and III only
II only III only
I and III
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Trang 4Question
On the illustration, "A" and "B" should be labeled respectively
Answer consumers; producers
decomposers; producers producers; redistributors producers; consumers none of these
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Question Nonliving entities do NOT possess Answer energetic interactions.
DNA
atoms
elements
any of these
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Question The flow of energy among living organisms is best characterized as
a ladder
a lattice
one way
a funnel
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Question Homeostasis provides what kind of environment?
Answer positive
relatively constant around a set point limiting
changing chemical and physical
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Question Each cell is able to maintain a constant internal environment This condition is called
homeostasis
physiology
adaptation
evolution
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Question About twelve to twenty-four hours after the previous meal, a person's blood-sugar level normally varies from 60 to 90 milligrams per 100
milliliters of blood, though it may rise to 130 mg/100 ml after meals high in carbohydrates That the blood-sugar level is maintained within a fairly narrow range despite uneven intake of sugar is due to the body's ability to carry out
inheritance
metabolism
homeostasis
all of these
Trang 5Question For a cell to take up sugar from the bloodstream, Answer receptors for insulin on the cell must be activated.
a person must have had a meal with sugar within the last twenty-four hours
homeostatic mechanisms must activate the blood-brain barrier
glycogen must be broken down to provide a supply of glucose
the pancreas must supply the appropriate enzymes to make sugar available
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Question Which of the following phrases would most likely be used in a discussion of homeostasis?
Answer respond to environmental stimuli
limited range of variation rapid energy turnover cycle of elements structural and functional units of life
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Question The DNA molecule is most similar functionally to a Answer pair of scissors.
flashlight battery
computer memory chip
ballpoint pen
craft kit of ceramic tiles
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Question Energy sources are needed for which of the following processes?
I reproduction
II growth III development
I and III
II only
II and III
I, II, and III
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Question A fertilized moth egg passes through which stages of development before becoming an adult?
I larval
II pupal III reproductive
II only
I and II
I and III
II and III
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Question A new life cycle begins with Answer death.
pupation
formation of a larva
fertilization of an egg
hatching of an egg
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Question A scientific name consists of which of the following?
I family name
II genus name III species name
II only III only
I and II
II and III
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Question The plural for genus is
Trang 6Answer genus.
geni
genera
gena
genae
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Question The least inclusive of the taxonomic categories listed here is
phylum
class
order
genus
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Question Which group includes all of the other groups?
order family genus species
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Question The hierarchical system of nomenclature Answer allows diversity to be catalogued.
organizes knowledge about species relationships
permits organisms to be identified
sorts organisms into groups
all of these
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Question Members of what domain are evolutionarily closest to eukaryotes?
Protista Fungi Bacteria Archaea
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Question All of the following are domains of life except?
Bacteria Archaea Eukarya none of these
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Question Members of what group are multicellular producers?
Protista Fungi Plantae none of these
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Question Which of the following groups are made up of almost exclusively decomposers?
Fungi Animalia Monera Protista
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Trang 7Question Which of the following are NOT eukaryotes?
bacteria plants animals protistans
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Question Hereditary instructions must Answer be unchanging most of the time.
pass from one generation to the next
control a large number of different characteristics
provide for the rare change in instructions
all of these
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Question A mutation is a change in Answer homeostasis.
the developmental pattern in an organism
metabolism
hereditary instructions
the life cycle of an organism
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Question Evolution occurs at what level of organization?
molecule organ population ecosystem
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Question Which of the following statements is NOT true?
Answer Diversity is the result of evolution.
The characteristics of any living organism are under the control of an inorganic chemical
The diversity of living organisms makes life unpredictable, even using scientific methods
All organisms are alike in that their structure and organization arise from matter and energy
The behavior of individual organisms is dependent solely upon heard behavior evolutionary history
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Question The diversity of structure, function, and behavior in living organisms is primarily the result of Answer reproduction.
heredity
evolution
chance variations in living organisms of the same generation
artificial selection
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Question Which of the following ultimately accounts for variation in genetic traits?
Answer replication of DNA molecules
genetic mutation asexual reproduction ecological succession homeostatic mechanisms
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Question An adaptive trait is a trait that has Answer mutated.
survival value
decreased in frequency in a population
deleterious biological effects
the potential to produce variation
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Trang 8Question The animals used in the text to show variation in domesticated forms are
chickens
pigs
dogs
cats
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Question The principal point of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection is that Answer long-term heritable changes in organisms are caused by use and disuse.
mutations that adapt an organism to a given environment always arise in the greatest frequency in the organisms that occupy that environment
mutations are caused by all sorts of environmental influences
survival of characteristics in a population depends on competition between organisms, especially between members of the same species
mutations mostly have favorable effects
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Question Which premise used by Darwin in his theory is INCORRECTLY stated below?
Answer More offspring are produced than will survive to reproduce.
Members of populations show heritable variation
Some varieties have a better chance to survive and reproduce
Organisms that possess advantageous traits have a decreased chance of producing offspring
Some traits become more common because their bearers contribute more offspring to the next generation
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Question Which of the following statements is NOT true?
Answer Natural selection is based upon differential reproduction and survival.
For evolution to occur in a population, there must be some variation
Most mutations have beneficial effects on traits
A population evolves when heritable change occurs in a line of descent
Over time, some genetic traits are more adaptive than others
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Question The scientific explanation for the diversity seen in nature is Answer based upon sexual differences.
divine creation of the many different forms of life
found in the science of taxonomy
natural selection
artificial selection
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Question A well-tested hypothesis that has not been disproved is called a
law
theory
fact
hypothesis
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Question means judging information before accepting it as fact.
Law Theory Fact Hypothesis
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Question Of the following, which is the first explanation of a problem? (It is sometimes called an "educated guess.")
law theory fact hypothesis
Trang 9Question Hypotheses are Answer often in the form of a statement.
often expressed negatively
sometimes crude attempts to offer a possible explanation for observations
testable predictions
all of these
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Question In order to arrive at a solution to a problem, a scientist usually conducts one or more
theories
experiments
principles
facts
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Question Which represents the lowest degree of certainty?
conclusion fact principle theory
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Question Which represents the highest degree of certainty?
fact assumption theory prediction
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Question The control in an experiment Answer makes the experiment valid.
is an additional replicate for statistical purposes
reduces the experimental errors
minimizes experimental inaccuracy
allows a mixed group of comparisons among different organisms for the experimental group
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Question As a result of experimentation, Answer more hypotheses may be developed.
more questions may be asked
a new biological principle could emerge
entire theories may be modified
all of these
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Question In an experiment, the control group is Answer not subjected to experimental error.
exposed to experimental treatments
maintained under strict laboratory conditions
treated exactly the same as the experimental group, except for one variable
statistically the most important part of the experiment
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Question The choice of whether a particular organism belongs to the experimental group or the control group should be based on
size
chance
designation by the experimenter
sex
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Trang 10Question Scientists are always thinking about ways to improve experimental design In the text's potato chip experiment, which of these might do
so?
Answer show a different movie
exclude teenagers as group members collect uneaten chip remains and weigh them for both groups provide free drinks
use a smaller theater
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Question In the experiment with Peacock butterflies, the working hypothesis is that Answer mimicry confuses both predator and prey.
mimicry conveys a selective advantage to the prey
birds are capable of learning
birds are agents of evolution
unpalatable species display distinctive wings
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Question The variable in the butterfly experiment is Answer butterfly wing pattern color.
butterfly species
bird predator species
rainforest region used
percentage of survivors
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Question How did the control group differ from the experimental group in the butterfly experiment?
Answer They were different species.
Their native habitat area of the forest differed
They tasted worse
They were white-patterned
They preferred different flower species
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Question The data from the butterfly experiment reflected which of the following?
Answer natural selection
food choices by predators the ability of birds to find the prey the role of mimicry
all of these
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Question The results of the butterfly experiment Answer supported the hypothesis.
provided valuable quantitative data
confirmed the prediction
provided evidence of natural selection in action
all of these
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Question Which of the following might be a possible follow-up experiment?
Answer Repeat in a forest area totally devoid of native butterflies.
Repeat in a wildlife sanctuary aviary after giving birds a chance to learn about yellow H eleuchia.
Repeat using young, inexperienced birds
Repeat, but count survivors for three weeks
all of these
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Question Randomly selecting samples of experimental units from an environment can result in
blind testing
evidence
experimental design
consensus