Solution manual for business driven data communications by gendron

Introduce Addressing, and what it takes to communicate over the Internet This is an outline of the chapter Introduction Data Representation and Signal Propagation Data Representation –

Business Driven Data Communications

Michael S Gendron, Ph.D

Instructor’s Manual – Chapter One

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc, Publishing as Prentice Hall

LECTURE OUTLINE

This chapter introduces many network concepts and the Network Components of the ICT

Infrastructure Architecture, which were discussed in the Introduction to Information

Technology Infrastructure In the current chapter, we are specifically looking at those items/concepts that are traditionally thought of as networking and telecommunications equipment, including network switching and routing hardware, media, and servers, outside vendor interconnects and associated items Network architecture, standards, OSI, TCP/IP, and the Internet, as well as encapsulation and addressing are introduced in this

chapter Examples are provided using the opening vignette This chapter attempts to strike a balance between providing enough technical material so the business system’s analyst can make informed recommendations, and an appropriate business focus

These learning objectives permeate this chapter and are interwoven throughout The students should master these learning objectives when this chapter is complete The instructor should stress these things and use examples to make sure the student has mastered these objectives

1 Know what Analog and Digital communications are, and how they differ

2 Understand Standards and Protocols are, and why they are important

3 Review the TCP/IP communications model and apply it to encapsulated layered

communications

4 Introduce Addressing, and what it takes to communicate over the Internet This is an outline of the chapter

Introduction

Data Representation and Signal Propagation Data Representation – Analog and Digital Signal Propagation and Propagation Effects Data Communications Techniques

Serial VS Parallel Full VS Half Duplex Message Synchronization Modulation and Multiplexing Data Compression

Symmetric vs Asymmetric Communications Speed Measurements and Bandwidth

Client-Server Computing Computer Network and Carrier Concepts Carrier Circuits

Geographic Scope

Introduction to Layering and TCPIP Regulations, Standards, and TCP/IP Protocols

Layers and Hardware

Wired Media and Network Typologies

Wired Media Typologies

Switching Hierarchies

Phone System and Circuit Switching Data Networks and Packet Switching Addressing

TCP/IP Layers, Protocols and Communication TCP/IP-OSI Architecture and How it Works The material in the last two sections above (TCP/IP Layers, Protocols and Communication AND TCP/IP-OSI Architecture and How it Works) are especially difficult for students to master Tools to assist students to master these are included below and located on the book adopter’s website http://bddc.gendron.info under the EXTENSION menu The tool in this instructor’s manual is a paper and pencil tool used to reinforce addressing and layered communications The website contains animation for layered communications

END OF CHAPTER QUESTIONS – ASSURANCE OF LEARNING

1 Discuss why analog and digital are important, how they differ, and what the relationship is between them

o The answer to why analog and digital are important is simple, but

students may find the material difficult Analog data is what we use every day and represents things like an analog clock or a thermometer Digital data is the representation of real life events or information in a form usable by ICT This also describes the relationship between analog and digital data Digital data represents real life events/information (e.g., a thermometer which is analog) in an ICT usable form

2 Think of an office or building you are familiar with: What are the things in that building that would cause major propagation effects for a wired network? What can be done to minimize them? How would a wireless network be any different?

o Answers will differ based on the office or building the student selects But

the answer should include the appropriate propagation effect and a resolution For example, if a building has a large number of machines that generate EMI the resolution would be to move ICT equipment or media to

a location where EMI is less The important point is that the student is able to understand what a propagation effect is and how to avoid or deal with them

3 Analyze why interoperability is important from the perspective of the customer and vendor

o It’s all about competition Interoperability provides the customer choices

in the marketplace and fosters competition because vendors are required

to make their equipment to known standards It is interoperability that creates the cross-vendor marketplace for equipment Vendors consider interoperability important because it allows them to create standards-based equipment that can compete in the marketplace, yet compete standards-based

on price, availability of options and other features Students should be encouraged to give examples of how customers and vendors benefit from interoperability

4 Describe and analyze why the TCP/IP–OSI hybrid model is important to businesses Do the same for the OSI model

o Students should be encouraged to create a diagram of the Hybrid Model

and OSI model side-by-side and show how they relate More importantly, the student should discuss how the models create a competitive marketplace through interoperability and standards

5 Select an application (e.g., browser, e-mail, FTP, Real Player) and draw the five-layer hybrid TCP/IP–OSI communication model showing how messages are encapsulated through layered communications

o Again, answers will vary based on the application selected The point that

that the student is able to show how an encapsulated message is created through drawing the five layer model The student must be able to describe how a message is built and passed through the five layer model This is a precursor to understanding addressing

6 Analyze how transport, internet, and MAC addressing interact to facilitate end-to-end communications, and write a technical description

o The key here is the notion of within and between network addressing, and

transport layer application mapping for messages By showing the combination of the within network (MAC), between (IP), and application mapping (Transport Layer Port) relay of datagram’s, the student can show their understanding of end-to-end network addressing

END OF CHAPTER QUESTIONS - CASE EXERCISES

1 Assume that XYZ Inc wants to build a new Ethernet switch with a number of unique options (These options do not matter, but the fact that they are not ratified

by any standards organization does.) The switch is a 10-gigabit Ethernet switch that comes in several sizes (number of ports) Develop a plan for XYZ Inc so it can be sure it is building the switch to the appropriate standards Make sure you answer the following: (a) Which standards bodies would XYZ Inc have to contact, and what is the process? (b) How should ZYX Inc handle any proprietary options? For example, should it seek to have its options become standards? (c) Explain the competitive positioning (or lack thereof) that XYZ may have because it uses proprietary options for its hardware; be sure to indicate the benefits and pitfalls it will face

o The point of the question is to ensure that the students understand the

difference between ratified and un-ratified standards They also must understand how those differences effect the competitive position of a manufacturer of ICT hardware Finally, they should be able to show how the selection of a vendor by an organization can affect the organization’s position in their marketplace

2 HealthyWay HMO was discussed in the opening vignette Prepare a brief report and presentation indicating how a LAN can help it attain competitive advantage in the marketplace of HMOs In your case analysis discuss what things are important for HealthyWay to consider when selecting LAN and WAN technologies

o HealthWay is a good example of how technology can be used to increase

competitive advantage Students with a healthcare background may see an extension to the LAN that includes things like the HMO’s involvement in a Health Information Network that allows record sharing – this may reduce cost and thereby increase competitive position The LAN itself should be built to decrease costs, too The answers to this will vary based on the student’s healthcare background

3 Select a company you are familiar with and write a case analysis that describes its LAN/WAN Describe which technologies it uses and how those technologies are important to the competitive positioning of that company Support your analysis

by citing Internet and/or print articles (i.e., trade publications, journal articles)

o Answers will vary based on the company selected, but must include how

the competitive positioning and organization success is based on technology that is selected This question is meant to move the students from the “if we build the ICT infrastructure, the users will use it” to “we need a business reason to build ICT infrastructure.” It may be hard for students to understand or find a situation where this has already occurred

USE OF “END OF CHAPTER CASES”

If the instructor is going to use end of chapter cases they should assign the chapter one cases to students/groups since each chapter builds on the previous

IN-CLASS ACTIVITIES

These activities are designed to reinforce layered communication and within/between network addressing and communications Notes:

 Time to complete: 20-45 minutes based on student preparedness

 Steps to complete: Trace network frame and pack flow through a network on

paper

 Takeaway: Understand layered communications and within/between network

addressing and transmission

 First Activity: Routed Network – this shows the student how devices encapsulate

and transmit network packets between networks (See Figure 1 – Activity One (Page 1 of 2); Figure 2 – Activity One (Page 2 of 2); Figure 3 – Activity One Solution (Page 1 of 2); Figure 4 – Activity One Solution (Page 2 of 2))

 Second Activity: Same as the first, except it adds Ethernet Networks and Hosts

It shows students how within and between networks operate

Ethernet Network

CLIENT HOST ON ETHERNET NETWORK

TRYING TO CONTACT SERVER HOST ON

ANOTHER ETHERNET NETWORK

THIS HOST MAC: A1

THIS HOST IP: …132

MAC AND IP ARE ABBREVIATED

#

Layer Name PDU Protocol Address 3

#

Layer Name PDU Protocol Address # Layer PDU Protocol Address 2

S:

NAME: TRAFFIC COP – 8 port multi-protocol router only 2 ports showing

S: D:

Port 1; Mac B1; IP 133 (Ethernet) Port 8; MAC C1; IP 122 (ATM)

Connects to Network on Next Page Via Carrier Line Routed Page 1 of 2

Figure 1 – Activity One (Page 1 of 2)

Ethernet Network

SERVER HOST (Destination) THIS HOST MAC: F1

THIS HOST IP: …155

#

Layer

3

#

Layer

S:

D:

NAME: Meter Maid – 8 port multi-protocol router only 2 ports showing

S: D:

Connects

From

Network on

Previous

Page Via

Carrier Line

Routed Page 2 of 2

Figure 2 – Activity One (Page 2 of 2)

Ethernet Network

CLIENT HOST ON ETHERNET NETWORK

TRYING TO CONTACT SERVER HOST ON

ANOTHER ETHERNET NETWORK

THIS HOST MAC: A1

THIS HOST IP: …132

MAC AND IP ARE ABBREVIATED

#

Layer Name PDU Protocol Address

#

Layer Name PDU Protocol Address # Layer PDU Protocol Address 2

Data

S: A1

Data

NAME: TRAFFIC COP – 8 port multi-protocol router only 2 ports showing

S: 132 D: 155

Port 1; Mac B1; IP 133 (Ethernet) Port 8; MAC C1; IP 122 (ATM)

Connects to Network on Next Page Via Carrier Line Routed Page 1 of 2

Figure 3 – Activity One Solution (Page 1 of 2)

Ethernet Network

SERVER HOST (Destination) THIS HOST MAC: F1

THIS HOST IP: …155

#

Layer Name PDU Protocol Address

#

Layer Name PDU Protocol Address # Layer PDU Protocol Address 2

Data

S: E1 D: F1

NAME: Meter Maid – 8 port multi-protocol router only 2 ports showing

S: 132 D: 155

Port 3; Mac D1; IP 145 (ATM) Port 6; MAC E1; IP 172 (Ethernet)

Connects

From

Network on

Previous

Page Via

Carrier Line

Routed Page 2 of 2

Figure 4 – Activity One Solution (Page 2 of 2)

Layer Name PDU Protocol Address 3

#

Layer Name PDU Protocol Address # Layer PDU Protocol Address 2

S:

NAME: TRAFFIC COP – 8 port multi-protocol router only 2 ports showing

S: D:

Port 1; Mac B1; IP 133 (Ethernet) Port 8; MAC C1; IP 122 (ATM)

Connects to Network on Next Page Via Carrier ATM Cloud Routed/Switched Page 1 of 2

#

Layer

5

1 Client Host Running Web Browser Contac ting Web Server

MAC: A1; IP: 192; Sourc e Port: 2048; Desitination Port 80

#

Layer

1

12 Port Ethernet Switc h (3 Showing) - Name Jonah

Figure 5 – Activity Two (Page 1 of 2)

Layer

3

#

Layer

2

S:

S: D:

NAME: Meter Maid – 8 port multi-protocol router only 2 ports showing

S: D:

Connects

From

Network on

Previous

Page Via

Carrier ATM

Cloud

Routed/Switched Page 2 of 2

#

Layer

5

1

Server Host running Web Servic es on Port 80

Name: Samson Mac F1 IP: 177

#

Layer

1

12 Port Ethernet Switc h (3 Showing) - Name Mic a

Figure 6 – Activity Two (Page 2 of 2)

Layer Name PDU Protocol Address

#

Layer Name PDU Protocol Address # Layer PDU Protocol Address 2

Data

S: A1

Data

NAME: TRAFFIC COP – 8 port multi-protocol router only 2 ports showing

S: 192 D: 177

Connects to Network on Next Page Via Carrier ATM Cloud Routed/Switched Page 1 of 2

#

Layer

Client Host Running Web Browser Contac ting Web Server

MAC: A1; IP: 192; Sourc e Port: 2048; Desitination Port 80

#

Layer

Name PDU Protocol Address

12 Port Ethernet Switc h (3 Showing) - Name

Figure 7 – Activity Two Solution (Page 1 of 2)

Layer Name PDU Protocol Address

3 Int ernet Packet IP

#

Layer Name PDU Protocol Address # Layer PDU Protocol Address 2

Data

Data

S: E1 D: F1

NAME: Meter Maid – 8 port multi-protocol router only 2 ports showing

S: 192 D: 177

Port 3; Mac D1; IP 145 (ATM) Port 6; MAC E1; IP 136 (Ethernet)

Connects

From

Network on

Previous

Page Via

Carrier ATM

Cloud

Routed/Switched Page 2 of 2

#

Layer

Server Host running Web Servic es on Port 80

Name: Samson Mac F1 IP: 177

#

Layer Name PDU Protocol Address

12 Port Ethernet Switc h (3 Showing) - Name Mic a

Figure 8 – Activity Two Solution (Page 2 of 2)