(Luận văn thạc sĩ) một số giải pháp phát triển dịch vụ logistics tại thành phố hồ chí minh

: Uy ban hqp tac kinh te' Chau A Thai Blnh Duong Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Association of Southeast Asian Nations Common Effective Preferential Tariff : Tr~m thu gom/ phan pho'i

MOT s6 GIRl PHRP PHRT TRIE"

NGu'di Hu'ONG DAN KHOA HOC : TS HO T[EN DUNG

Be) GIAO Dt,JC VA 8ft.O T ~'.0

MlJC LlJC

L<1IMODAU

1.1 KHAI NI:eM DJCH Vl) LOGISTICS T.1 1.2MOI LIEN H:e GllJ'A DJCH Vl) LOGISTICS Vdi VAN TAl BA PHUONG

TH c v A GIAO NHAN T.2 1.3NGUOI KINH DOANH DJCH Vl) LOGISTICS T.3 1.4L<)I ICH CUA DJCH Vl) LOGISTICS T.6

1.4.1 L<;1i ich cua dich Vl,l1ogistics d6i voi chu hang T.6 1.4.2 L<;1i ich cua dich Vl,llogistics d6i voi n€n kinh te" xa h()i T.7

1.5KINH NGHieM PHAT TRIEN NGANH DJCH Vl) LOGISTICS T.8

1.5.1 Kinh nghi~m phat trien dich Vl,llogistics cua cac nu'oc tren the' gioi T.8 1.5.2 Bai h9c kinh nghi~m cho phat trien dich Vl,llogistics t~i Vi~t Nam T.lO

CHUONG 2 : THljC TR~NG HO~ T DQNG DJCH Vl) LOGISTICS

T~I TP HO CHi MINH 2.1 PHAN TICH Sd Lu'<)C QUA TRINH HINH THANH DJCH Vl) LOGISTICS TAl TP HCM T.12 2.2THt)'C TRANG HOAT BQNG DJCH Vl) LOGISTICS TAl TP.HCM T.14

2.2.1 Dich Vl,l giao nh~n- kho v~n truy€n th6ng T.14

2.2.2 Dich Vl,l thu gom va phan ph6i hang le T.18 2.2.3 Dich Vl,l theo d6i ddn hang va dich Vl,llam gia tang gia tri T.20

2.2.4 Cac dich vu logistics khac T.22 2.3 TINH HINH UNG Dl)NG CONG NGHe THONG TIN TRONG DJCH Vl) LOGISTICS TAl TP.HCM T.22 2.4PHAN TfcH M6 HINH v A CHI PHi MOT s6 MAT HANG T.23

2.5HieN TRA.NG co sd HA TANG TP.HCM ANH Hu'dNG DEN HOA.T DONG DlCH Vl) LOGISTICS T.25 2.5.1 Ht% thO'ng C\lm cang TP.HCM T.25 2.5.2 Ht% thO'ng san bay TP.HCM T.26 2.5.3 Ht% thO'ng giao thong duong b9 TP.HCM T.26 2.5.4 Ht% thO'ng kho bai TP.HCM T.27

2.6DANH GIA CHUNG VE DIEU KTI;N KINH DOANH DlCH Vl) LOGISTICS TA.I TP.HCM T.28

CHUONG3: MQT SO GIAI PHAP PHAT TRIEN DlCH Vl) LOGISTICS , , , ? " " ~

T~I TP.HO CHI MINH

3.1 CAN C DE XAY D NG GIAI PHAP T.32

? " "' .:!

3.2GIAI PHAP PHAT TRIEN DlCH Vl) LOGISTICS TA.I TP.HCM T.34

3.2.4 Giai phap 4 :Tang cuong tie'p thi-quang ba dich V\llogistics T.48 3.2.5 Gicli phap 5 : Xay dl;t'ng cac Trung tam logistics t::ti TP.HCM T.51

3.3.1 DO'i voi Nha nu'oc va Chinh phiL T.54

: Uy ban hqp tac kinh te' Chau A Thai Blnh Duong (Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation)

(Association of Southeast Asian Nations)

(Common Effective Preferential Tariff)

: Tr~m thu gom/ phan pho'i hang le v~n tai b~ng container (Container Freight Station)

: Bai container (Container Yard)

: U"y ban kinh te' xa h()i khu vt;(c Chau A va Thai Blnh Duong (Economic & Social Commission for Asia & Pacific)

(International Federation of Forwarding Agents Assocation) :Hang may treo (Garments on hangers)

: Hi~p h()i v~n tai hang khong qu6c te' (International Air Transport Association)

: T6 chuc tieu chuffn h6a qu6c te' (International Organization for Standardization)

(Japan International Cooperation Agency)

Gemadept : T6ng cong ty dt;ti ly va giao nh~n

(General Forwarding & Agency Co., Ltd.) Saigonship : Cong ty v~n tai bi~n Saigon (Saigon Shipping Company)

SCM : Qmln ly day chuy~n cung ling (Supply Chain Management)

SMC : Cong ty hang hai Sai gon (Saigon Maritime Company)

SOWATCO : T6ng cong ty v~n tai thuy phia Nam

(Southern Waterway Transport Corporation) TEU : Container lot;ti 20' (Twenty-foot equivalent unit)

3PL : Ngu'oi cung dip dich vvlogistics thu ba (Third Party Logistics) Transimex : T6ng cong ty c6 ph~n giao nh~n kho v~n

(Transforwarding Warehousing Joint Stock Corporation) TCS : Trung tam dich vv hang h6a Tan Sdn Nh~t

(Tan Son Nhat cargo services) UNDP : Chu'dng trlnh phat tri~n Lien H<;1p Qu6c

VICT

VIFFAS

(United Nations Development Programme) : Cong ty lien doanh cang container qu6c te' (Vietnam International Container Terminals) : Hi~p h9i giao nh~n Vi~t Nam

(Vietnam Freight Forwarders Association) VINAFCO : Cong ty c6 ph~n giao nh~n Vi~t Nam

(Vietnam Freight Forwarding Joint Stock Corporation) VINALINES: T6ng cong hang hili Vi~t Nam (Vietnam National Shipping Lines) Vinamarine : Cvc hang hai qu6c gia Vi~t Nam

(Vietnam National Maritime Bureau) VINATEX : T6ng cong ty d~t may Vi~t Nam

(Vietnam National Textile & Garment Corporation) VISABA : Hi~p h9i moi gioi va dt;ti ly tau Vi~t Nam

(Vietnam Ship Agents & Brokers Association) VIW A : Cvc qmln ly du'ong thuy b9 Vi~t Nam

(Vietnam Inland Waterway Administration) VSA : Hi~p h9i chu tau (Vietnam Shippers Association)

WB : Ngan hang the' gioi (World Bank)

WTO : T6 chile thu'dng mt;ti the' gioi (World Trade Organization)

' ? ~

LOIMODAU

Trong nhfi'ng mlm gffn day, di;ic bil$t tu khi thl;(c hil$n chinh sach md cd'a h9i

nh~p khu vl;(c va the' gioi, n€n kinh te' nu'oc ta phat tri€n mc:;1nh me Hoc:;1t d9ng ngoc:;1i

Vl;t Trong qua trlnh phat tri€n khong ngung v€ qui mo va chfft lu'qng, dich Vl;t giao

nh~n v~n tai tie'n them m9t bu'oc moi la dich vt;t logistics Dich Vl;t logistics ngay

xa hQi, DO'i voi n€n kinh te' quO'c gia noi chung va TP.H6 Chi Minh noi rieng, ne"u

qu6c te'

- Dich Vl;t logistics c6 hil$u qua se lam giam cac loc:;!i chi phi gia thanh san

lc:;1i mQt trong nhfi'ng ngu6n thu ngoc:;1i tl$ dang k€ cho chinh phu

- Dich Vl;t logistics gop phffn tc:;1o ra nhi€u vil$c lam moi, giai quye"t sO'lu'qng

bQ cong nhan vien du'<Jc dao tc:;!O va nang cao trlnh dQ chuyen mon Dich Vl;t logistics

co hil$u qua d6ng thai ciing Jam giam bot cac kho khan v€ giao thong do thi,

Lu~n van nhAm mvc dich nghien cU'u dich vv logistics va kinh nghit%m ho~t

chuy~n cung ung

Ho~t d9ng giao nh~n va dich vv logistics n6i chung tu'dng d6i r9ng, hdn nii'a chua c6 m9t th6ng ke chinh thuc nao phvc vv cho c6ng tac quan ly llnh v1,l'c nay,

- Phu'dng phap th6ng ke m6 ta, so sanh, phan tich va t6ng hqp

- Phudng phap dl! bao kinh te'

- Phu'dng phap chuyen gia va phong va'n

Chu'dng 1 : T6ng quan dich vv Logistics

van du'qc b6 sung va hoan thit%n hdn

1

-CHu'ONG 1

A!

TONG QUAN DJCH VV LOGISTICS

1.1 KHAI NIJtM DJCH Vl) LOGISTICS

Trong linh vlfc quan slf, thu~t tu Logistics c6 khai ni~m v~ "h~u cffn " Trong kinh te', c6 tu di~n dich la "mt)t t6 chlic cac dich V\1 cung ling" Cling co mt)t sff

nguC1i l~i dich thu~t tu Logistics la "tie'p v~n "

? Logistics du<;1c Uy ban qmln ly logistics dinh nghia la : "Qua trlnh l~p ke'

ho~ch, ch<;>n phU'dng an tffi u'u d~ thl,l'c hi~n vi~c quan ly va ki~m soat vi~c di

chuy~n va bao quan c6 hi~u qua, tie't ki~m nha"t v~ chi phi va ngil:n nha"t v~ thai gian dffi voi nguyen v~t li~u, ban thanh phim va thanh phim, cling nhU' cac thong tin tU'dng ling tu giai do~n ti~n san xua"t cho de'n khi hang hoa de'n tay ngu'di tieu dung cuffi cung d~ dap ling yeu cffu cua khach hang" Nghia la no bao g6m m<;>i djch V\1 kinh doanh lien quan toi v~n tai (duC1ng bi~n, duC1ng khong, duC1ng bt), du'dng thuy nt)i dja), lu'u kho bai, sil:p xe'p hang hoa san sang cho v~n tai, dong goi bao bl, ghi ky rna hi~u, thu'dng hi~u va phan phffi di cac ndi theo yeu cua ngu'di uy thac (principal)

Ngoai ra con co mt)t sffkhai ni~m khac v~ Logistics nhu sau:

- Sli m~nh cua Logistics la thl,l'c hi~n giao dung hang, dung ndi, dung luc va trong di~u ki~n teSt d~ co th~ dong gop Ion nha"t vao cong ty (theo Ronald H.Ballou)

- Bay R trong Logistics g6m co : dung san phim (right product), dung sff

lu'<;1ng (right quantity), dung di~u ki~n (right condition), dung ndi (right place), dung IU.c (right time), dung khach hang (right customer) va dung chi phi (right cost) (theo The Layman's definition of Logistics)

Theo ESCAP (Uy ban kinh te'- xa ht)i Chau A Thai Blnh Du'dng cua Lien H<;1p Quffc) thl Logistics dU'<;1c phat tri~n qua 3 giai do~n :

- Giai doan 1 : Phan phffi v~t cha"t

Vao nhung nam 60, 70 the' ky 20, ngu'di ta quan tam quan ly co h~ thffng nhung ho~t dt)ng co lien quan voi nhau d~ dam bao co hi~u qua vi~c giao hang thanh phim cho khach hang Nhung ho~t dt)ng do bao g6m v~n tai, phan phffi, bao

2

- Giai doan 2 : He$ th6ng Logistics

tri~n hon nii'a ciia Logistics la tv do h6a thu'ong m(,li h~mg h6a va dich V\l v~n tai, slf

- Giai doan 3 : Quan ly day chuy~n cung ung

thu~t s6"

g<;>i la "dich vv quan ly Logistics" va t\1' la'y ten la "Ngu'oi cung cffp Logistics" (Logistics providers)

1.2 MOl LIEN H:¢ CH~ T CHE GIUA DJCH Vl) LOGISTICS VOl V ~N TAl

3

-du'<Jc gU'i di de'n nu'oc ngu'oi mua tren nhung phu'ong ti~n v~n t<H khac nhau Tc:ti nu'oc ngu'oi mua, ngu'oi t6 chuc dich V\1 Logistics se thu xe'p tach cac don vi gll'i hang d6 va xe'p hang h6a thanh nhung chuye'n hang thich h<Jp d€ phan pho'i di de'n nhung dia chi cuo'i cung

V~n tai da phu'ong thuc (VTBPT) la m<)t loc:ti hlnh v~n tili tien tie'n hi~n dang du'<Jc ap dl;lng r<)ng rai trong khu vrf.c ciing nhu' tren the' gioi VTBPT ra doi tu nhung nam 60 tc:ti cac nuoc Tay Au va B~c My Ngay nay, VTBPT ngay cang phat tri€n mc:tnh me sang ca cac quo'c gia thu<)c the' h~ thu ba, lam thay d6i each kinh doanh v~n tai, hc:tn che' thoi gian htu kho, giam bot phi~n ha v~ thu we hai quan, nang cao cha't lu'<Jng va d<) an toan v~n tai

Sd d6 1.1 : MO'i lien h~ gifi'a Logistics va v~n tai da phtio'ng thuc

(Ngu6n: adaptedfromHenstra & Woxenius [1999])

Logistics hay quan ly day chuy~n cung ling SCM la srf phat tri€n cua ngh~

giao nh~n (J muc d<) cao va tu'ong do'i hoan chinh trai qua nhi~u qua trlnh va n6 da lam cho khai ni~m ngh~ giao nh~n truy~n tho'ng ngay dmg phong pht1 Giao nh~n g~n li~n voi logistics va n~m trong logistics

Tu tlnh hlnh tren ngay nay nhi~u cong ty v~n tai va giao nh~n da d6i ten g9i

la Cong ty kinh·doanh dich V\1 Logistics va m<)t so'Hi~p H<)i Giao nh~n ciing d6i ten thanh Hi~p h<)i Logistics, vi d\1 Hi~p h<)i giao nh~n Singapore tu nam 2000 da d6i

thanh Hi~p h(>i Logistics Singapore (Singapore Logistics Association)

1.3 NGUOI KINH DOANH DfCH Vl,J LOGISTICS

B€ khdi dffu v~n tai da phu'ong thuc, m<)t so' don vi trong day chuy~n v~n tai nhu' la hang tau va hili cang da dffn dffn hu'ong toi linh vvc dich Vl;llogistics Trong

4

chuy~n cung ung SCM Ia cac cong ty giao nh~n Tc,ti cac mtoc phat trign tren the'

dich vv logistics va gQi la ngu'C1i cung ca'p dich vv Logistics (LSP - Logistics

MQt lil, nhilng dtch Vl!- ma nglllli kinh doanh dtch Vl!- Logistics cung cap

Thrt nhdt : Dich V\1 tu' va'n

- Cdc quye't dtnh vg san xudt : bao g6m vil%c xay d\fng ke' hoc,tch san xua't t6ng

thg, hoc,tch dinh san xua't tren may moe va bao trl thie't bi

Do'i vdi cdc cong tdc m1y, trong thlfc te' Slf tham gia cua nguC!i cung cap dtch

V¥ logistics chua du(/c phd bie'n ldm

co thg la con trong qua trlnh san xua't giua cac dia digm khac nhau

tinh cc,tnh tranh va tinh nhc,ty cam thai gian cua m9t doanh nghil%p

Thrt hai : Dich V\1 kho v~n - giao nh~n

M9t khi cac quye't dinh chie'n lu'<Jc tren da du'<Jc hoc,tch dinh, ngu'C1i cung ca'p

5

Dtch V¥ kho bai : vi~c btu kho hang h6a khong con thu<)c v€ nglioi san xua't hay nglioi gia cong rna no dliQC nglioi kinh doanh dich V\1 logistics dam tnich ke't h<;fp voi h~ th6ng vi tinh h6a tinh vi d€ quan ly cac kenh luu thong hang h6a

- V(ln tdi va phan phdi : nguoi cung ca'p dich V\1 Logistics c6 th€ chiu trach

Cong tac nay c6 th€ ke't h<;fp voi hang v~n tai chinh ho~c du<;fc thlfc hi~n b~ng

phliong ti~n rieng cua nglioi cung ca'p dich V\1 Logistics dliQC trang bi voi h~ th6ng lien l~c trong n<)i b<)

- Qudn ly t6n kho : nguoi cung ca'p dich V\1 Logistics quan ly va thuong xuyen

t6i liU h6a lli<;fng hang t6n kho theo thong tin tu cac ben lien quan phu h<;fp voi day chuy€n san xua't

- Theo doi ddn hang : nguoi cung ca'p dich V\1 Logistics c6 trach nhi~m theo doi cac don d~t hang tu khau nh~p nguyen v~t li~u, linh ki~n de'n khi hoan ta't cac don hang nay de'n nglioi tieu dung cu6i cung

- Dtch V¥ lam gia tang gia tri : bao g6m cac khau hoan chinh, dong g6i, dan

nhan, phat hanh h6a don, mua hang, cong tac tai chinh, Khach hang rieng le thuong c6 nhu cffu cao hon v€ dich V\1 nay

Th(t ba : Dich V\1 dlfa tren cong ngh~ thong tin

Ro rang la khong c6 dich V\1 nao neu tren c6 th€ thlfc hi~n t6t dliQC ne'u nhli khong c6 nhung cong c1:1 quan ly cao ca'p, quan trQng nha't la may vi tinh va h~

tho'ng cac phffn m€m chuyen dl:lng Cac cong C\1 phffn m€m nay c6 th€ thue ho~c mua ngoai tu cac cong ty chuyen nghi~p, ho~c phat tri€n trong n<)i b<) cong ty giup cho nguoi kinh doanh logistics cung ca'p cac dich V\1 cao ca'p

H~ thdng cong ngh~ thong tin thl:(c sl:( dong vai tro trung tam cua Logistics

Hai la, Sl/ ktt hf/p cac hof!,t dl)ng djch Vlf, cua ngllili kinh doanh Logistics

Khi d~t duqc h<Jp d6ng v€ Logistics, nguoi cung ca'p dich V\1 Logistics phai dam trach toan b<) t6 chile day chuy€n cung ling cho khach hang, dam bao t6t vi~c xay dlfng va ki€m nghi~m cac kenh thong tin Logistics thich h<Jp va h~ tho'ng quan

ly E>i€u nay giup cho nguoi cung ca'p dich V\1 Logistics cung lam vi~c c6 hi~u qua d6i voi khach hang cling nhu cac ben lien quan vao day chuy€n cung ling Nguoi

6

bi ho~t d()ng dung chuc nang

cgu cgn de'n trong hc;Jp d6ng

Khach hang cua ngu'oi cung ca'p dich Vl,l logistics khong con quan tam de'n chi phi htu kho va chuyen chd m()t ta'n hang hay m()t met khO'i hang rna chi muO'n

v1,1logistics du'c;Jc yeu cgu chao gia dich v1,1 cho m()t don vi hang h6a trong d6 bao

Trong ba't ky tlnh huO'ng nao, khach hang luon yeu cgu ngu'oi cung ca'p dich

logistics phai dam bao san phffm cgn thie't luon san sang nhu'ng phcli tO'i u'u h6a

1.4 L(1I ICH CUA DlCH Vl) LOGISTICS

- Ngu'oi gfri hang chiu muc cu'oc tha'p hon va du'c;Jc hu'dng cha't lu'c;Jng dich Vl,l

gfri hang

7

v~y hi~u qua cao hon

- Sl.f h& tr<j cua nguoi kinh doanh dich Vl;l logisics cho phep nguoi gU'i hang

thi~u h6a lu<jng hang trong kho va vi v~y tie't ki~m toan bQ chi phi phan phO'i san

ph~m tranh hi~n tu<jng t6n dQng vO'n (th~ hi~n d thanh ph~m- hang h6a) khong sinh l<;5i

ki~m du<jc chi phi, bdi vi b:~tn hang cung ca'p dich vt;t logistics cho anh ta da nghien

1.4.2 Lc;ti ich cua djch V\1 Logistics do'i vOi n~n kinh te' xa hqi

- Dich vt;t logistics tr<J giup cho nhi€u giao dich kinh te', n6 la m9t hoC;tt d9ng

dang Hay thU' xem xet tinh huO'ng ne'u nhu hang h6a khong de'n dung luc, khach

8

ca'p hang de"n dung ndi cffn thie"t Ne"u nhu' hang h6a rna nguoi tieu dung dang cffn

PHAT TRIEN DJCH VlJ LOGISTICS DOl VOl VII}T NAM

1.5.1 Kinh nghi~m phat tricgn <Qch VQ logistics t~i m(}t s6 nlioc tren the' gioi

-Cdc nz.tlic Tay Au:

- Nhat bdn:

Chinh phu dl,l'a vao nang ll,l'c cua m6i cong ty rna ca'p gia'y phep kinh doanh

mu6n ho~t d<)ng trong IInh vl,l'c nay bii:t bu<)c phai c6 nhan vien da h9c va duqc ca'p b~ng tu Tdng C1,1c

9

voi ti~m llfc v~ kinh te' dung hang thu hai tren the' gioi da g6p phffn t(;lo nen nhung

Express, Sagawa Express, Kintectsu World Express

- Dili loan:

chuy~n cung ung hang le t<:ti Bai loan Ngoai ra, Bai loan dang xay dlfng trung tam logistics phl,IC Vl,l cho djch Vl,l logistics toan cffu, song song do la chinh sach cua

(1) Logistics Dai loan dang phdt triin toan c&u h6a Cong ty hang dffu v~

logistics China President Logistics h<;fp tac voi cong ty du'ong Bai loan xay dlfng

Logistics- mot thanh vien cua Yang Ming Line cfing dang xay dlfng dlf an tu'ong tlf t<:ti cang Kaohsiung

(2) Logistics Dai loan phdt triin ngay cang tinh te' hdn Cac cong ty nhu' la

7-11, HCT va Ta Rong, chQn do'i tac Nh~t Ban thlfc hi~n ho<;tt dong giao hang ca

nh~n t~n nha b~ng nhung phu'ong thuc cao ca'p nha't

(3) Cong ngh¢ tin h9c du(fc dr;ic bi¢t nghien criu ring dtt~ng cao Cang nhi~u

tuye'n, rna V(;l.Ch hang h6a

- Trung Oudc :

nu'oc Nha nu'oc Trung qu6c qui djnh mot lien doanh trong linh VlfC Logistics phiH

Trung quO'c B~ng each nay, Trung quO'c da dung cac qui dinh v~ vO'n d€ bao h9 thi tntong cho cac dO'i tac trong nu'oc

quO' c

-Hong Kong:

phat tri€n thanh nguoi cung ca"p dich v1,1logistics thu 3 (3PL - Third Party Logistics

- Singapore :

Nha nu'oc dung ra xay dlfng cac trung tam dich Vl,l phan phO'i hang hoa va

du'ong bi€n va hang khong d€ thu hut lu'qng hang chuy€n tai trong khu V\fC

ho~t d<)ng cua cac thanh vien, cac chi phi lien quan giao nh~n chuy€n tai d~u do

1.5.2 Bai hQc kinh nghi~m cho vi~c phat tri~n dfch Vl} logistics t~i Vi~t Nam

H~u he't Chinh phu cac nuoc nh~n thuc r~ng phat trign v~n tai lam ti~n d~

trlnh trQng digm :

vi en thong,

Logistics

nhfft Vel giu the' m<;tnh trong C<;tnh tranh, cac hang cung cffp dich Vl;llogistics va giao

nh~n v~n tai quO'c te' phai dam bao:

v1;1 thie't thl;l'c quan ly

? 1,

quan y,

nh~n - logistics

Tom tift chlldng 1: ChUdng 1 cua luqn van dii gicJi thi~u mqt each khai quat vi djch v~ logistics cung vcJi nhilng l(Ji ich cua lor;ti hznh djch v~ ncq d6i chu hcmg va trong nin kinh ti xii hqi ChUdng nay cung di cqp din cdc djch v~ chinh yiu ma nguiJi kinh doanh logistics c6 thi cung c{ip cho cdc khach hang lam cd si'! phan tich danh gia thTJc trr;mg hor:zt dqng djch v~ logistics tr:zi TP.HCM iJ chUdng sau, dcJng thiYi diim qua kinh nghi~m phat triin djch v~ logistics iJ cdc nucJc tren thi girJi, ta d6 rut

ra bai h9c kinh nghi~m phat triin djch v~ logistics tr:zi Vi~t Nam

CHu'ONG2

THUC TRANG HOAT DONG DICH VU LOGISTICS

T~I TP HO CHI MINH

·2.1 PHAN TICH SO Lu'QC QUA TRINH HINH THANH DfCH Vl)

Tntdc ngay giai ph6ng mi~n Nam, t~i SaiGon c6 khoang ba cong ty giao

nh~n, t~p trung lam d~i ly cho cac hang giao nh~n mtdc ngoai Cac cong ty nay chu ye"u lam dich vv v~n chuy€n du'C1ng b<), cung ca'p dich vv tu tau, cang vao kho va giao cho khach hang, ho~t d<)ng tu ph~m vi cang vao n<)i dia la chinh Cac m~t hang giao nh~n chii ye"u la nh~p kh~u hang cong ngh~ ph~m tieu dung trong nude va may moe thie"t bi phvc vv chie"n tranh S6lu<;1ng hang xua't kh~u it, chii ye"u la hang nong

?

san

Trong giai do~n n~n kinh te" t~p trung bao ca'p, vi~c di~u hanh kinh te" b~ng

m~nh l~nh va chi tieu phap l~nh, quan h~ ngo~i thu'dng chii ye"u vdi cac nude XHCN, n~n kinh te"khep kin Giao nh~n chii ye"u hang rC1i E>e"n nam 1980 xua't hi~n

giao nh~n hang container, hang tau Lash Interlighter, tau RO-RO di cac cang Lien

Xo va Bong Au M6i nam nude ta nh~p m<)t lu'<;1ng IOn hang vi~n tr<;1 tu cac nude thu<)c kh6i XHCN chu ye"u d€ bu dii:p n~n kinh te" trl tr~, do d6 giao nh~n hang nh~p

ga'p 8-15 l~n lu'<;1ng hang xua't

Bang 2.1: San llic;ing giao nh~n thlfc hi~n 1975-1986

Thl,l'c hi~n chlnh sach kinh te' md cli'a, h()i nh~p vao n€n kinh te' khu vl,l'c the' gioi tu nam 1986, Nha mtoc quye't dinh x6a bo d()c quy€n trong kinh doanh giao

sut do thi tru'ong Lien Xo cfi va Bong Au tan ra

(DVT: ttfn)

(Ngubn: t6ng h(fp tit Vietrans TP.HCM, Transimex, Viconship)

Tu nam 1991 kinh te' trong nu'oc dffn dffn ph1,1c h6i nho md r()ng thi tn.tong tieu thl,l sang cac nu'oc TBCN Tay Au, kinh doanh trong buon ban voi nu'oc ngoai

(Ngubn: t6ng hc;Jp sffli~u tit C¥c thdng ke TP.HCM, Hai quan TP.HCM)

nh~p kho hang le (CFS), dong gom hang vao container, phat hanh gH(y chung nh~n

hang (FCR) cho ngttoi gU'i hang va thu nh~n l~i cac chung tu gcfc cftn thie"t, gU'i toan b() chung tu gcfc v~ d~i ly (j cang dich d~ lam thu tt;tc giao hang cho ngu'oi nh~n,

Bang 2.4: San lu'<jng container thl;ic hi~n qua cac cang 1997-2001

(DVT: TEU)

Ten cang I san lu'<jng 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

Tan cang 403.400 413.469 420.963 411.627 403.488 lCD Phttoc long 87.500 178.354 213.064 220.000 242.000

Cang Sai goon 99.036 86.244 73.527 136.093 250.247 Cang Be"n nghe 17.800 35.200 54.636 60.176 131.359 T6ng c()ng 607.736 718.907 837.766 951.998 1.247.872

(Ngu6n: tbng hr;p s6lifu tlt cdc Cang tc;d TP.HCM)

Vao thoi gian nay, cac cong ty giao nh~n tham gia nhfi'ng dich V\l logistics

Consolidators), ACS(Amercian Consolidation Services),

Trong nhfi'ng nam gftn day~ cac Cong ty giao nh~n dang c6 khuynh hu'ong t~p

trung du'a logistics vao cac ho~t d()ng dich V\l CUa mlnh b~ng cac hlnh thuc khac nhau Tuy v~y khai ni~m logistics cho de"n nay v~n con rfft moi 1~ dcfi voi cac cong

ty giao nh~n trong nu'oc Hftu nhu' chua c6 m()t don vi nao trong nu'oc thlfc sv du

nang llfc ca v~ nghi~p Vt;L logistics va cd sd h~ tftng v~t chfft trang thie"t bi ky thu~t

2.2 THl}C TR~NG HO~ T DQNG DlCH Vl) LOGISTICS T~I TP.HCM

Tru'oc day hftu nhu' cac doanh nghi~p thu'ong m~i d~u c6 rieng m()t b() ph~n

dam trach toan b() cac cong vi~c logistics Tuy nhien, cac cong ty thu'ong m~i nhu' the" dang dftn dftn c6 xu hu'ong ca:t giam b() ph~n logistics rieng cua mlnh va hqp d6ng voi cac Cong ty giao nh~n-logistics dam trach thlfc hi~n cac cong vi~c

logistics thay the", d~ h<;> t~p trung vao ho~t d()ng kinh doanh chinh c6 hi~u qua hon

logistics chu ye"u sau :

2.2.1 Dfch V\1 giao nh~n- kho v~n truy~n tho'ng

Dich Vl;l giao nh~n - kho v~n bao g6m cac dich Vl;l Cl;l th€ sau :

Dich V\1 khai thue Hai quan du'<Jc kinh doanh chinh thuc tu khi c6 quye"t dinh s<SlS/1999/QB-TCHQ ngay 0811111999 cua T6ng Cl;IC Hai quan v€ "Quy che" t(;lm thC1i quan ly dich v1;1 khai thue Hai quan "

gia vao IInh vl;l'c nay va C(;lnh tranh ra't gay g3:t v€ gia ca

kinh doanh kho va cang C(;ln, dung dffu v€ doanh thu Tuy nhien n6i chung dich Vl;l

hang voi gia cu'oc cao hdn d~ kie"m l<Ji nhu~n Vi d\1, thlfc te" trong quy 1 nam 2003 Cong ty giao nh~n c6 th~ mua gia cu'oc tau bi~n tu TP.HCM di Chau Au la USD 1200/ 20' va ban lC;ti cho chu hang la USD 1300/ 20', hudng du'<Jc l<Ji nhu~n usn

100/20' Va cling vao thoi di~m nay, do'i voi v~n tai hang khong, Cong ty giao nh~n

c6 th~ mua gia cu'oc USD 3.00/ kg (do'i voi hang trQng lu'<Jng tren 1000 kgs) di tu TP.HCM de"n Los Angeles C1 My r6i ban lC;ti cho cac chu hang la USD 3.20/kg tC;to ra l<ji nhu~n USD 0.20/kg (Pht;tlt;tc 2.1)

Tuy nhien hi~n nay cac Cong ty giao nh~n dang g~p nhi€u kh6 khan trong dich vt;t nay vi cac hang tau c6 khuynh huang tie"p c~n trlfc tie"p chu hang d~ chao gia va dich V\l v~n tai rna khong cffn thong qua cac Cong ty giao nh~n nhu' tru'oc

Tinh h1nh cac loq,i h1nh dtch v~ VtJn tai nhu sau :

* VtJn tai biin : chie"m khoang 90% lu'<Jng hang h6a xua't nh~p khffu Vi~t

Nam So' lu'<jng hang h6a v~n tai bi~n qua cang TP.HCM chie"m khoang 60% v€ trQng tai n6i chung va khoang 80% hang chd b~ng container so voi t6ng san lu'<jng

v~n tai ca nu'oc Cl;lm cang TP.HCM du'<jc xem Ia cang bi~n nhu'ng thlfc chfft n~m

d9c theo song Sai gon, each tr(;lm hoa tieu Vfing tau 48 hai ly voi thoi gian hai hanh khoang 3 tie"ng d6ng h6, mon nu'oc khoang 9.50 met, c6 th~ tie"p nh~n tau trQng tai 20.000 ta'n, chi thich h<Jp cho tau container loC;ti nho tuye"n TP.HCM voi cang

chuy~n tai trong vung nhu' Singapore, Hong Kong, Dai loan

Hang tim Vi~t Nam : Hi~p h()i chu tau Vi~t Nam VSA dang quan ly 300 tau

di bi~n, T6ng cong ty hang hai Vi~t Nam Vinalines c6 11 tau container va cac thanh vien c6 75 tau Vinalines chua tham gia vao thi tru'ong v~n tai container quo'c te" E>~ phl;lC V\l v~n tai container n()i dia, Vinalines va T6ng cong ty c6 phffn giao

nh~n Vi~t Nam Vinafco dam trach tuye"n TP.HCM, Da nang, Haiphong va Cong ty hang hai Saigon SMC thlfc hi~n tuye"n TP.HCM- Cffn thd

Hang tctu lien doanh : Gemartrans, lien doanh voi hang tau Phap CGM no'i tuye"n TP.HCM va Haiphong voi cac cang chuy~n tai trong vung Hong Kong va

? Kaohsiung Saigonship voi cd quan chu quan Uy ban nhan dan TP.HCM, lien doanh voi hang tau Dan mC;tch APM hoC;tt d()ng tuye"n TP.HCM - Singapore, Tanjung Pelepas, voi tau container co nho xa'p xi 250-600 teus

Hang tctu nucJc ngoai : Hi~n tC;ti c6 hdn 10 hang tau nuoc ngoai c6 trt;t sd Hong Kong, E>ai loan, Nam tri€u tien va Nh~t ban tham gia hoC;tt d()ng tau container

c<J duoi 1200 TEU no'i tuye'n TP.HCM vOi Dong nam A va Dong b3:c A nhu Singapore, Hong Kong va Kaohsiung Khong c6 dich V\l trttc tie'p tit TP.HCM de'n

Chau Au va My hay nguqc h;ti, vi v~y hang h6a xua't nh~p kh£u cho tuye'n nay c~n phai chuy~n tiii qua m()t cang thu ba trong vung Ngoai ra con c6 g~n 40 hang tau Ion nho nuoc ngoai cling c6 m~t (j TP.HCM t6 chuc v~n tai cac tuye'n xa b~ng each mua ch6 v~n tai tau container feeder de'n cang chuy~n tiii r6i ke't no'i voi tau Ion cua hQ v~n chuy~n de'n cang dich (Phvlvc 2.2)

dttoi stt quan ly cua Cvc quan ly dttong thuy VIW A va dung d~ v~n tai nhil'ng hang h6a nhu' phan bon nh~p kh£u, g(;lO va thuy san XUfft kh£u, d~c bi~t la t(;li khu V\fC d6ng b~ng song Mekong Chu phu'ong ti~n do'i voi sa Ian khong d()ng co c<J IOn 250-

700 ta'n la Doanh nghi~p nha nu'oc va cong ty tu' nhan, do'i voi sa Ian ttt hanh c<J trung b1nh 60-250 ta'n va do'i voi sa Ian hay ghe c<J nho dttoi 15 ta'n la doanh nghi~p

gia d!nh hay tu' nhan (Phvlvc 2.3)

* Vt;ln tdi hcmg khong: nhu c~u v~n tai hang khong dang ngay cang tang, d~c bi~t la v~n tiii quo'c te' cho nhil'ng hang h6a c6 gia tri cao nhu' hang di~n ttl' di/ de'n cac nu'oc Dong nam A; ca va hoa qua de'n Nh~t Ban; hang gia cong qu~n ao, gi~y

dep de'n Chau Au, My, .Ngoai hang hang khong quo'c gia Vi~t Nam (Vietnam Airlines), con c6 g~n 20 hang hang khong nttoc ngoai dang ho~t d()ng t<;1i TP.HCM thong qua dich vv m~t da't cua TCS- lien doanh voi do'i tac Singapore Ngo<;1i trit

dich V\[ bay trttc tie'p tit TP.HCM de'n Paris, cac tuye'n di Chau Au va My d~u phai

chuy~n tai qua cac nu'oc thu ba (Phl;lll,lc 2.4)

* Vt;ln tdi b9 : b~ng oto la phu'ong ti~n v~n tai chu ye'u cho dich vv v~n tiii n()i dia TP.HCM do nhil'ng kh6 khan giao thong do thi, phai thttc hi~n l~nh ca'm xe tai vao ban ngay da lam tang cao chi phi logistics d TP.HCM, c6 xa'p xi 730 Hqp tac

xa voi 27,000 chie'c xe tai Da so' cac phu'dng ti~n nay da cu ky l(;lC h~u

* Vt;ln tdi dz.t(Jng sdt: m~ng lttoi dttong s3:t Vi~t Nam no'i li~n Ga Saigon voi cac be'n n()i dia nhu' Ha n()i, Hai Phong tOi bien gioi Trung quo'c D6ng Dang va Lao Cai voi t6ng chi~u dai xa'p xi 2,600 km V~ v~n tiii hang h6a, dttong s3:t thttong chd hang xa ho~c hang n~ng Chua c6 ke' ho<;1ch v~n tiii du'ong s3:t quo'c te' sang Trung quo'c G~n day, b3:t d~u v~n tai container giil'a Ga S6ng th~n TP.HCM va.Ga Giap bat Ha n()i nhttng vi~c theo d6i hang h6a giil'a cac t aRP.&lOO f(tiftj&\}}\tt!n· bi to't

TRUONG f'!··l -1 KIN·,'·! ,.,.~· I I -.,.,J I I .J 1-'"'·~J 1\.,.;\j,

THU VI~;r·.J"

2.2.2 Dich Vl} thu gom va phan phol hang IC

Dich vu thu gom hang h~ :

Dich vv logistics thu gom hang le nh~m phvc vv cho cac lo hang xufft khffu

co s6 h.t<;lng nho Cac cong ty lam dich Vl,l nay dung ra thu nh~n cac 10 hang nho tu

ngttdi nh~n tttong ung Dich vv nay mang l~i nhi~u l<;li ich cho cac ben lien quan Nglidi gti'i hang co th~ gti'i duqc nhung lo hang nho di cac noi tren the' gioi voi cuoc phi tha'p, hang v~n chuy~n co them s6 lli<;lng hang tu cac containers gom hang thong qua ngttdi giao nh~n, ngttdi giao nh~n co them l<;li nhu~n tu khoan dtt ra giua gia cttoc ban hang leva chi phi cho nguyen container

Hi~n nay, cac cong ty logistics co th~ gom hang tn;t'c tie'p vao containers da chuffn hi san t~i bai containers ho~c gom hang vao kho CFS r6i sau do dong vao containers C6 hai hlnh thuc gom hang :

Gom hcmg tilng chi;ing : Hang le c6 noi de'n khac nhau dtt<;lc dong gom vao dgy containers, r6i v~n chuy~n de'n Singapore hay Hong Kong T~i day, hang dtt<;lc

do ra r6i dong ghep voi hang cua cac nttoc khac nhau trong vung gti'i de'n vao chung container chua hang co cung dich de'n

Bang 2.5 : Cac cong ty giao nh~n c6 d.ich VlJ thu gom hang tilng chijng Ten Cong ty Cang chuy~n tai D~i ly t~i cang chuy~n tai

Vinaconsol Singapore, Hongkong Freight link Express

Everich Singapore, Hongkong Famous Freight Forwarding

Gom hcmg sutft : Nhung lo hang le co cung noi de'n dtt<;lc dong chung vao container r6i v~n chuy~n th~ng tu TP.HCM toi cang dich Gi6ng nhtt gom hang tung ch~ng, hlnh thuc gom hang chi dtt<;lc ap dvng khi s6lu<;lng hang de'n cung cang dich co dud~ dong dgy container Tuy nhien trong thl;t'c te', hang co cung dich de'n

khong phili ltk nao cilng du d€ dong dffy container, nen c6 nhung tuye"n dich vv nay

khong duqc t6 chuc thuong xuyen

Bang 2.6 : Cac cong ty giao nh~n c6 <Qch VlJ tho gom hang soo't

Ten cong ty giao nh~n Cac toye'n gom hang soo't

v~n chuy€n va mang l~i lqi nhu~n nhi~u hon vl khong phai qua cang trung chuy€n

(j Singapore hay Hong Kong

Tlnh hlnh thu gom hang le c6 chi~u hu'ong gia tang -voi tO'c d() tang blnh quan hang nam la 21.75% D~c bi~t la sau khi Hi~p dinh thu'ong m~i song phu'ong giua

Vi~t Nam va My c6 hi~u h,tc, lu'qng hang le gom suO't di My tang nhanh chong

Bang 2.7: San hiQ'ng tho gom hang Ie 1998- 2002

(DVT: met khffi CBM, %)

(CBM) Toy~t do'i (CBM) Tudng do'i (%)

(Ngu6n: t6ng hr;p sff lifu ta cck Cong ty giao nh(jn tr;zi TP.HCM)

Tuy san lu'qng thu gom hang le c6 tang d~u qua cac nam, nhu'ng lqi nhu~n

thu v~ tu IInh VlfC kinh doanh nay khong tang nhi~u do gia ca c~nh tranh ra't gay g~t Cac cong ty dich vv cO' tlm each chao gia cu'oc tha'p nha't d€ c~nh tranh, th~m chi c6 nhung tuye"n mi~n phi v~n chuy€n nhu' hang le di Singapore va Hong Kong

Bu l~i cac cong ty nay du'QC hu'dng phffn lqi nhu~n tu cac phi thu trlfc tie"p ngu'oi

nh~n t~i cang dich (stripped back)

-20-Dich vu phan pho'i hang Ie :

Qui trlnh cung ca'p dich vt;t nay thong qua cac de;ti ly mtoc ngoai gom hang

d~y container v€ TP.HCM Te;ti day cac cong ty giao nh~n ky h<Jp d6ng voi kho CFS

kho CFS thich hqp te;ti lCD Phuoc Long, Tan Cang, Cang SaiGon, clmg VICT,

cfi ky da lam he;tn che' tie'n d() khai thac hang vao kho CFS, khong th€ giao hang kiP thai cho khach hang, gay anh hu'dng XffU de'n chfft lu'qng dich Vt;t

2.2.3 Djch Vl} theo doi ddn hang va djch Vl} lam gia tang gia trj

Dich V\l nay hi<$n nay dang du'qc th\fc hi<$n d6i voi hang gia cong xua't khffu

nh~n du'qc chu hang uy thac theo doi don hang cho de'n khi thanh phffm gia cong

Ml)t /0; : Kiim tra chdt lllf!ng hang hoa trlldc khi xuttt xztiing

cho cac khoang chi phi di le;ti va sinh hoe;tt cong tac cho cac chuyen gia

Ngay nay, nguai cung ca'p dich vt;t logistics duqc chu hang giao nhi<$m vt;t

cac kie'n thuc ki€m dinh chfft lu'qng cho cac nhan vien CUa cong ty cung cffp dich Vl;l

trlnh san xua't t;;ti cac nha may, la'y m~u gU'i v€ cho chu hang ki€m nghit%m tntoc khi

K ?

xuat xuong

f)lt<Jc St;( uy thac cua chu hang, cac cong ty cung cffp dich Vl,l logistics dam

nh~n cong tac in nhan (label printing) len san phffm Di€u nay giup chu hang tie't

dan nhan r6i l;;ti dong goi l;;ti m(>t lffn nii'a truoc khi tung ra thi truong tieu thv

Ba Ia: Mii vq,ch (bar coding) va siip xtp thu tlj ddn hang (sorting)

cong tac rna v;;tch va sa:p xe'p thu tt;( don hang theo yeu cffu cua chu hang Cac dii' lit%u rna v;;tch nay du<Jc nhanh chong dua vao ht% thO'ng m;;tng vi tinh la kenh truy€n

ch~t che nhung c~p nh~t moi nha't v€ tlnh hlnh hang hoa m(>t each khoa h<;>c nha't

Blfn Ia : Dong gom hang vao container (Buyer consol services)

h6a cho chu hang Khi du'<Jc yeu cffu xua't hang, h<;> tie'n hanh dong hang vao

cang dich

Bang 2.8: Doanh thu cac dfch VI} logistics trong ho~t d()ng theo doi ddn hang

(DVT: USD,%)

Cac dfch VQ logistics Nam2001 Til~ Nam2002 Tangtrlidng

(%)

(Ngu6n: tdng hqp sf/ lifu ta cdc cong ty logistics tr;zi TP.HCM)

Bang tren cho tha'y dich v1,1 dong gom h~mg vao container t~i kho CFS chie'm

trong nhi€u nam toi

Hang may treo (Garments on Hangers- GOH):

M()t trong nhfi'ng m~t hang xua't khffu chu h,tc cua Vi~t Nam la may m~c D6i

Container , Phuc Long Container,

chu~n hoa, nang ll,l'c con h~n che' Thl,l'c te' thu'ong co nhi€u va'n d€ do'i voi hang dl,l'

khffu cho ca cong trlnh Va danh illl,lC CUa m6i chuye'n hang gay nhi€u kho khan cho tie'n d{) thi cong va nhi€u chi phi phat sinh ngoai dl,l' toan

gi~t tung lo hang rieng le rna chu'a quan tam dung muc dinh hu'ong cung ca'p cac

logistics toan b{)

d cac cong ty v~n tai va thue tau bign Vi~t Nam nhu' Gemartrans, Falcon,

da sii' dt,mg m<)t sef ung dt,mg rieng le cua thu'cJng m~i di~n til' nhu' theo doi gia nhien

li~u, cu'oc v~n tai qua thong tin tu m<)t sef cong ty dich V\l thong tin quefc te' gli'i toi thong qua e-mail nhu' Cosulich, Howe Robinson, Arrow, Con hftu he't cac chuc nang khac chua dung toi

Quan ni~m va sl,l' cftn thie't v~ cong C\l quan ly vi tinh h6a da du'qc nh!n m~nh nhi~u lftn t~i Vi~t Nam trong nhung khao CUu cua JICA (CcJ quan hqp tac quefc te' Nh~t Ban) v~ EDI t~i cang va cua UNDP (Chu'cJng trlnh phat trign Lien hqp quefc) v~ EDI trong cong tac Hai quan, nhu'ng de'n nay moi chi c6 VICT la cang duy nh!t sli' dl,lng h~ th6ng EDI m<)t each don d<)c Tuy nhien h~ thefng EDI chi c6 y nghia khi c6 sl,l' lien ke't di~n ttl' d6ng b<) giua cac ben lien quan trong day chuy~n ho~t d<)ng va quan ly logistics nhu' la Cang Vl,l, Di~u d<) cang, Hai quan, Kigm dinh, Hang tau, D~i ly hang tau, Nguoi gli'i hang,

2.4 PHAN TICH MO HINH VA CHI PHi LOGISTICS MQT SO M! T HANG

Dl,l'a tren kim ng~ch xu!t kh£u va khuynh huang tang tru'dng ngo~i thu'cJng, nghien cllti nay ch9n ra 2 nh6m hang chinh tu'qng tru'ng la hang g~o va d~t-may dg phan tich mo hlnh va chi phi logistics

· ( 1) Hang g~o : Cftn thcJ la m<)t trong nhung khu vl,l'c thu ho~ch g~o chinh d E>6ng b~ng song Mekong Cac nha may g~o thu'ong du'qc bef tri gftn d9c theo bo song H~u dg ti~n v~n chuygn b~ng ghe hay sa Ian len TP.HCM G~o thu'ong xu!t kh£u theo phu'cJng thuc FOB, sefluqng thong qua cang TP.HCM g!p ba lftn xu!t trl,l'c tie'p tu cang Cftn tho

Bang 2.9 : Mo hinh logistics di~n hinh v~ xua't khau g~o

Sa Ian TP.HCM Nha nh~p kh£u trl,l'c tie'p nu'oc ngoai 40% Salan TP.HCM Vinafood 1,2 ho~c nha xu!t kh£u 30%

Sa Ian va xe tai Cftn thcJ Nha nh~p kh£u trl,l'c tie'p nu'oc ngoai 25%

Sa Ian va xe tai Cang khac Cong ty xu!t kh£u g~o khac 5%

(Ngubn: phong van cdc Cong ty xua't khdu gr;zo Cdn tho)

Trude day cac nha may g~o tlf silp xe'p v~n chuy€n b~ng sa Ian ho~c xe tai

Bang 2.10: Chi phi logistics xua't khiiu g~o

(DVT · US$/tdn %)

'

(Ngu6n: tdng hqp til cdc cong ty xudt khdu gt;to Cdn thd)

chi phi logistics chie'm 5.1 %

hay CFR nude ngoai, thong qua kho CFS d€ dong gom hang ne'u chu hang yeu cftu

c(>ng them chi phi logistics thong qua kho CFS

Theo seSli~u cua nhung cong ty may du'<Jc phong va"n thl chi phi logistics tu

phi linh tinh khac (Phv lvc 2.5)

2.5 un~N TR~NG co sd u~ TANG TP.uo cui MINH ANn uudNG DEN

HO~T DQNG DJCH VlJ LOGISTICS

dang k€ va phat tri€n them nhiSu Trong chu'ong trlnh nang ca"p queSc gia, Nha nude

2.5.1 H~ tho'ng CQ.m cang TP.HCM

Co ca"u ho(;lt d(>ng cvm cang TP.HCM kha phuc t(;lp bao g6m 9 cang t6ng h<Jp, trong do co 4 cang ldn nha"t du<Jc diSu hanh b<1i cac co quan chu quan khac nhau nhu' la : Cang Sai gon do T6ng cong ty hang hai queSc gia Vinalines quan ly, Tan cang thong qua Cong ty cua quan d(>i, Cang Be'n Nghe do Uy ban nhan dan

SOW ATCO va cac d6i tac cua Singapore Cac cang ap dvng bi€u gia cang do Cvc hang hai queSc gia Vinamarines ban hanh, du'<Jc phep giam 10-20% tuy theo giao dich thtrc te'

chuy€n du'di d(;lng container (t6c d(> phat tri€n hang container ra"t cao blnh quan hang nam la 60% ) Nang sua"t b6c xe'p tinh tren 1 met cffu tau con tha"p, mdi dC;lt

nang lvc t6 chuc va ho(;lt d(>ng tie'p thi queSc te' d€ thu hut hang trung chuy€n container

Cf!,m cdng kho (!CD- Inland Container Depot):

kho la : lCD Phuoc Long, lCD Transimex, lCD Song Thffn, lCD Bien Hoa va lCD Tan T~o Trong d6, lCD Phuoc Long du<Jc dffu tu som nha't voi co sCi v~t cha't va

h<Jp tac kinh doanh

du<Jc nhu cffu "

hoa ho~t d<)ng cac cang TP.HCM

2.5.2 H~ tho'ng san bay TP.HCM

Hi~n nay TP.HCM chi co duy nha't m<)t san bay qu6c te" la san bay Tan Son

2.5.3 H~ thdn~giao thong du'ong bq TP.HCM

luon la n6i buc xuc hang dffu, cua cac ca"p va cd quan ban nganh St;t' gia tang nhanh

bi~n phap nhu'ng de'"n nay tlnh tr~ng un t~c giao thong v~n chua du'<Jc ciH thi~n dang

k~

chi~u dai du'ang bQ du'<jc tnli nht;t'a thffp, du'ang xa h~p sue chiu tai cua h~ thO'ng

2.5.4 H~ tho'ng kho bai TP.HCM

nhu' sau:

Kho biii thllilng - kho himg te :

kho : da s6 kho c6 thoi gian sU' dt,mg da lau nen xu6ng ca'p, mai tha'p Cac cong trlnh

khong khi cii ky hu' hong, do d6 chi phu h<;1p cho nhung loe;ti hang thong thuong nhu nong San, phan bon, h6a chfft VS trang thie't bi: cac kho du'QC trang bi Xe nang, cac

Kho ngoai quan (KNQ):

KNQ : Cong ty thu'dng me;ti dich Vl,l cang SaiGon, cang Be'n Nghe, Cong ty XNK

2.6 DANH GIA CHUNG VE DIEU KitN KINH DOANH DlCH Vl,J

2.6.1 Nhfi'ng di~m m~nh- thu~n lf!i phat tri~n djch Vl} Logistics t~i TP.HCM

trung v6n dffu tu' nhi€u nha't tu nu'oc ngoai, tang tru'dng kinh te" cao nha't nu'oc

quan trqng d6i voi cac nu'oc trong khu Vf/C va tren the" gioi Day la vi tri ly tu'dng cho vi~c phat tri€n d!ch vvlogistics thanh m9t trung tam Ion toan qu6c va trong khu VtfC

(2) Cac Hang hang hcli va cac hang hang khong nu'oc ngoai c6 tffm ho(;lt

d()ng phat tri€n dich vvlogistics

(3) TP.HCM c6 ngu6n nhan lf/c d6i dao, tre trung va kheo leo c6 th€ tuy€n chQn voi s6lu'<jng va tdnh d() phu h<jp d€ dao t(;lO xay df/ng m()t d()i ngii vii'ng m(;lnh

se la lf/c lu'qng chuyen gia n6ng c6t thuc diy phat tri€n dich vvlogistics

phu'ong voi cac nu'oc, la thanh vien chinh thuc cua cac t6 chuc qu6c te" nhu' WB,

mC;lnh me de"n phat tri€n n€n kinh te" ngoC;li thu'ong, t(;lo nhu cffu Ion v€ dich vv

12 nam 2001 md ra thoi ky moi dffy tri€n v<;>ng phat tri€n m(;lnh thu'ong m(;li xua't

nh~p khiu vdi My, m9t thi tru'ong Ion nha't the" gioi hi~n nay, keo theo phat tri€n

dich vvlogistics

2.6.2 Nhii'ng die'm ye'u-kh6 khan h~n che'ho~t d()ng djch VQ logistics TP.HCM

linh vf/c kinh doanh cung cffp dich Vl,l

di~n ttl' trong giao dich voi khach hang cling nhu' voi cac d6i tac kinh doanh Cac

ph~n m~m chuyen d1,1ng con khan hie'm M~t khac, co sd h<;t t~ng cong ngh~ thong

Vl,l logistics Kie'n thuc cua cac nhan vien dang cong tac trong nganh chu ye'u du'<Jc

du'<Jc chuffn h6a, xU' ly nhil'ng tlnh hu6ng kh6 cling bi lung tung, khong du'<Jc toan

di~n va khong d<;tt hi~u qua cao

mu6n chia se nhil'ng kh6 khan trong kinh doanh cho bfft ky ai Vi the' nhil'ng cong ty

v1,1logistics phu h<Jp

(5) Cd scJ h~ tgng v~t cha't ye'u kern, hi$ thO'ng giao thong du'ong bo trong do

nhi~u kho khan cho cac doanh nghil$p Phu'dng til$n thie't bi ki~m hoa (nhu' may soi

lien nganh chua du'<Jc dgu tu' dung muc va chua co hil$u qua

moi ho~t dong cgm chung

Tom tift chlldng 2 : Chuang 2 cua lwjn van dii gioi thifu so lur;c v~ qua trlnh hlnh thanh djch v~ logistics t(;ti TP.HCM, cung nhu di sau nghien cztu danh gia thl!c tr(fng ho(ft df)ng djch v~ logistics, til d6 rut ra dur;c nhrlng diim m(fnh-thwJ,n lr;i va nhrlng diim ye'u-kh6 khan dffi vdi linh vf!c kinh doanh djch v~ logistics t(fi TP.HCM Day la co s?J quan tr9ng did~ ra nhr1ng giai phap phu hr;p nhdm phat triin djch v~

logistics t(fi TP.HCM trong th(Ji gian tdi