Bị động với động từ chỉ quan điểm (verbs of opinion ): believe, know, say, report, think,… Hình thức bị động này thường được sử dụng khi người nói muốn nhấn mạnh chủ thể thực hiện hành [r]
Trang 1GIÁO ÁN DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH 9
NĂM 2019 - 20202Period 1
I Thì quá khứ thường (Past simple)
Was not = wasn’t
- Were : you/we/they/ Lan and Hoa
Were not = weren’t
Eg: He was absent from class yesterday
Were they in hospital last month?
2.Với động từ thường:
Form: (+) S + V(ed/p2) + O.
(-) S+ did not + V(bare-inf) + O
(?) Did + S + V(bare-inf) + O ?
Trang 2Yes, S + did / No, S + did not.
Chó ý: - Did dùng cho cả chủ ngữ số nhiều và số ít
- Did : I/you/we/they/she/he/it
Lan/ Lan and Hoa.
- Did not = didn’t
Eg: Tom went to Paris last summer
He did not watch TV last night
Did you go to HCM city ?
- Diễn tả một thói quen trong quá khứ
Eg: Lan used to walk past the mosque on her way to primary school
Structure:
II Past simple with “ WISH ”.
Eg: + I wish I didn’t have to do this job = If only I didn’t have to do this job + She wishes she were a doctor = If only she were a doctor.
S + used to + V (bare-inf) + O
Trang 31 Structure:
2 Usages: Diễn tả mong ước ở hiện tại
III Exercises:
Period 2
I.Thì hiện tại hoàn thành ( Present perfect).
* Form : (+) S + has / have + PII (ed/p2) + O.
(-) S + has /have + not + PII (ed/p2) + O.
(?) Has / have + S + PII (ed/p2) + O ?
Yes, S + have/has.
No, S + have/has-not.
Chó ý: - Have: I/you/we/they/Lan and Hoa.
Have not = haven’t.
- Has: he/she/it/Lan.
Has not = hasn’t.
Eg: I have just seen my sister in the park
She has finished her homework recently
Trang 4- Hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ và còn tiếp diễn ở hiện tại
- Hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ vad để lại kết quả ở hiện tại
Adv : just, recently, ever, never, already, since, for, so far, yet, up to now
II: Câu bị động ( The pasive voice)
Quan sát:
- Câu chủ động: Mr Smith teaches English
- Câu bị động: English is taught by Mr Smith
* Bảng tóm tắt công thức các thì và động từ khuyết thiếu trong câu bị động
Present simple S + am/ is/ are + PII ( ed/p2 ) + ( by + O )
Past simple S + was, were + PII ( ed/p2 ) + ( by + O )
Present progressive S + am/is/ are + being + PII ( ed/p2 ) + ( by + O ).Past progressive S + was/ were + being + PII ( ed/p2 ) + ( by + O ).Present perfect S + have/ has + been + PII ( ed/p2) + ( by + O )
Trang 5Past perfect S + had + been + PII ( ed/p2 ) + ( by + O ).
Future simple S + will + be + PII ( ed/p2 ) + ( by + O )
Be going to S + am/is/are + going to + be + PII ( ed/p2 ) + ( by + O )
MODEL VERBS S + can/could/would/should + be + PII ( ed/p2 ) + (by+O )
must/have to/may/might
* M ôt số trường hợp khác :
a Bị động với“ have / get something done ”
Eg: + Someone painted John’s flat yesterday
John had his flat painted yesterday
b Bị động hình thức nguyên thể (infinitive) và danh động từ (gerund ).
Eg: + We don’t want to be refused entry.
+ She hates being photographed
c Bị động với động từ chỉ quan điểm (verbs of opinion ): believe, know, say, report,
think,… Hình thức bị động này thường được sử dụng khi người nói muốn nhấn mạnh chủ
thể thực hiện hành động
It + to be + PII(ed/p2) + that + clause
HoÆc:
S + to be + PII(ed/p2) + to-inf/to have + PII(ed/p2)
Eg: + People believe that David left New Zealand last week.
It is believed that David left New Zealand last week.
Trang 6David is believed to have left New Zealand last week
* Chó ý : - Khi chủ ngữ trọng câu chủ động là các đại từ nhân xựng như
I/you/we/they/she/he/it/ hoặc people/someone/somebody
Chuyển sang câu bị động có thể bỏ by + O
- Khi chủ ngữ trong câu chủ động là danh từ riêng thì khi chuyển sang câu bị động chúng ta phải sử dụng by + O
- Có 3 loại câu ước
1 Future wish:( ước muốn ở tương lai)
* Form: (+) S + wish + S + would/ could + V(bare-inf) + O.
(+) If only + S + would/ could + V(bare-inf) + O.
* Eg:- I wish I would be an astronaut in the future
- Tom wishes he could visit Paris next summer
- If only I would take the trip with you next Sunday
2 Present wish( ước muốn ở hiện tại)
* Form: S + wish + S + V(ed/p2) + O.
Were + adj / n.
Could + V (inf).
Trang 7* Eg:- I wish I were rich (but I am poor now)
- I can’t swim I wish I could swim
- If only Ben were here ( but Ben isn’t here I wish he were here)
- We wish that we didn’t have to go to class today( we have go
to class)
3 Past wish : (ước muốn ở quá khứ)
* Form: S + wish + S + had + PII(ed/p2) + O.
could have + PII(ed/p2) + O.
* Eg :- I wish I hadn’t failed my exam last year
( I failed my exam )
- She wishes she had had enough money to buy the house
( she didn’t have enough money to buy it )
- If only I had met her yesterday.( I didn’t meet her )
- She wishes she could have been there.( she couldn’t be there)
II Mệnh đề trạng từ chỉ kết quả ( Adverb clauses of result )
Mệnh đề trạng từ chỉ kết quả thường được bắt đầu bằng So
Eg: - We arrived late, so we missed the beginning of the film.
- There was fog, so the flight was delayed.
Structure: , So + result clause (kết quả/ hậu quả)
III Prepositions of time (Giới từ chỉ thời gian ).
1 In + century ( in the eighteenth century )
Trang 8+ decade ( in the 1990s )
+ season ( in the summer ) + month ( in January ) + parts of the day ( in the morning, in the afternoon )
2 On + days of the week ( on Wednesday, )
+ dates ( on October 7, )
+ that day
3 At + time of day ( at 6 pm, 8 am )
+ night/ noon/ midday/ Christmas
+ two or three days+ meal time
4 For + duration of time ( for three days, )
5 Since + point of time ( since March 20, )
6 From to: beginning time ending time ( from 8 am to 5 pm, )
7 Between and: between 5pm and 7 pm
8 Till/ until + point of time ( until March, till Friday )
Trang 9- Lời nói gián tiếp tường thuật lại ý của người nói
Cách chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang gián tiếp”
1.Thay đ ổi thì của động từ
Directed speech (Trực tiếp) Reported speech (Gián tiếp)
2.Thay đổi động từ khuyết thiếu
3.Thay đ ổi chủ ngữ, tân ngữ, đại từ sở hữu.
Trang 10We They Our Their
*Eg: - Jane said,” I live in the suburbs”
-> Jane said that she lived in the suburbs.
- Ngôi thứ hai ( You, your, yours ) được đổi theo ngôi của tân ngữ trong mệnh đề tường
thuật
*Eg: - He said to me,” You can take my book”
-> He said me that I could take his book.
- Ngôi thứ ba ( He, She, It, They, him, his, her ,them ,their) giữ nguyên (không đổi)
*Eg: - Mary says,” They come to help the pupils.”
-> Mary said that they came to help the pupils
4 Trạng từ chỉ thời gian
Directed speech (Trực tiếp) Reported speech (Gián tiếp)
Trang 11last week/month/year… the previous week/month/year…
the week/month/year…beforenext week/month/year… the following week/month/year…
the next week/month/year…
*Eg: - “I’m going now” He said
-> He said he was going then.
- She said “ I was at Hue yesterday”.
-> She said that she had been at Hue the day before.
*Eg:- He said,”Put the books here”
-> He told me to put the books there.
- Tom said to me,” I’ll meet you this Friday”
-> He told me that he would meet me that Friday.
* Các loại câu gián tiếp:
I Câu mệnh lệnh, yêu cầu, lời khuyện (Command, request and advice).
Trong lời nói gián tiếp, sử dụng một số động từ như: asked, told, ordered, advised,…
Trang 12Eg: -“ Hurry up, Lan”
-> He told Lan to hurry up.
- “ Shut the door”
-> He ordered them to shut the door.
- “ Don’t leave the room”
-> He told them not to leave the room.
- “ You should stop chatting on the Internet, Mark,” Jane said
-> Jane advised Mark to stop chatting on the Internet.
* Structures (C ông thức ) :
S + V ( asked / told / advised ) + O + to ( not to ) + infinitive.
* Chú ý: Một số động từ cũng sử dụng theo hình thức trên: persuade, remind, forbid, warn,
….
II Câu nghi vấn (Interogative)
1 Yes/ No – questions
Trong lời nói gián tiếp loại câu hỏi này được mở đầu bằng các động từ “ ask, wonder
…” và theo sau có “if/ whether”
*Eg: - “ Have you seen that film?” he told her
-> He asked if she had seen that film.
- “ Will Tom be here tomorrow?.” She told
-> She wondered whether Tom would be there the day after.
*Stru c tures ( Công thức):
Trang 13S + asked / wanted to know + (O) + If / whether + clause.
2 Wh – questions ( who,what, where, why, when,how much/ many/ long” trong câu gián tiếp loại câu này được mở đầu bằng các động từ “ ask, require, wonder, ”
* Eg: - “ What time does the film begin?.”
-> He asked what time the film begun
- “ What will you do tomorrow?
-> She wondered what I would do the next day
*Stru c tures (Công thức) :
S + asked / wanted to know + wh-qs + clause
III C âu phát biểu (Statements).
Trong câu gián tiếp của câu phát biểu thường sử dụng động từ như “ said, told ”
* Eg: - He told me, “ I like oranges.”
He said (that) he liked oranges
* Stru c tures (C«ng thøc).
S + told (O) / said (to + O) + ( that) + clause
Bài tập.
Change these sentences into passive voice (Chuyển những câu sau sang câu gián tiếp.)
1 He said to her, “You are my friend.”
2 Johnny said to his mother, “I don’t know how to do this exercise.”
3 “ Don’t come back before one o’clock”, advised my brother
Trang 144 “Cook it in butter”, Mrs Brown said to her daughter.
5 The pupils said “ Teacher, give us better marks, please.”
6 My friend said, “ Are you going to leave tomorrow?”
7 “ Have you done your homework?”, said my mother
8 I asked Bill,” What time did you go to bed last night?”
9 Paul said, “ I must go home now.”
10 “ There is an accident ”, said the policeman
11 “ We are waiting for the school bus”, said the children
12 “ Must you go now?”, said Mr Brown
13 “ Are you going to visit your aunt tomorrow?” asked Tom
14 “ Listen to me and don’t make a noise,”said the teacher to his students
15 “ I’m tired of eating fish”, said Mary to Helen
16 “ The sun always rises in the east,” said Peter
17 “ I didn’t steal your fur coat yesterday,” said Samny to Jean
18 “ You must do your homework everyday”, said Miss Lan to us
19 “ Will we read the story?”, Bill asked his teacher
20 “ I don’t know where Alice is,” said Vicky
21 “ There isn’t much rain in the south of the country,” said Harry
22 “ Would you mind turning the music down?”Andrew said to Anne
23 “ How much do you think it will cost?” He asked
24 “ Can you speak more slowly? I can’t understand,” He said to me
Trang 1525 “ Have you already reviewed all your lessons?” she said to me.
26 “ Come in and look around There’s no obligation to buy,” said the shopkeeper
27 “ I’m sorry I’m late,” she said.” The bus broken down”
28 Mary asked me “ Can you tell me why you are so sad?”
29 “ Will you please find out when he last wrote to me?” Jane said to her friend
30 “ You must decide what you want to do”, she said to her daughter
Keys.
1 He said to her she was his friend
2 Johnny said to his mother he didn’t know how to do that exercise
4 My brother advised me not to come back before one o’clock
5 Mrs Brown told her daughter to cook it in butter
6 The pupils asked their teacher to give them better marks
7 My friend asked me if I was going to leave the day after
8 My mother asked me if I had done my homework
9 I asked Bill what time he had gone to bed the night before
10 Paul said that he had to go home then
11.The policeman said that there was an accident
11.The children said that they were waiting for the school bus
12 Mr Bown asked me if I had to go then
13 Tom asked if I was going to visit my aunt the next day
14 The teacher asked his students to listen to him and not to make any noise
Trang 1615.Mary said Helen she was tired of eating fish
16.Peter said the sun always rises/rose in the east
17.Sammy told Jean that he didn’t steal/hadn’t stolen her coat the day before
18 Miss Lan told us that we must/ had to do our homework every day./ Miss Lan asked
us to do our homework every day
19 Billy asked his teacher if they would read the story
20 Vicky said she didn’t know where Alice was
21 Andrew asked Anne to turn the music down
22 He asked how much I thought it would cost
23 He asked me to speak more slowly because he couldn’t understand
24.She asked me if I had already reviewed all my lessons
25 The shopkeeper invited us to come in and look round and told us that there was no obligation to buy
26.She apologized for being late and explained that the bus had broken down
27 Jane advised me to take the course
28.Mary asked me if I could tell her why I was so sad
29.Jane asked me to find out when he last wrote to her
30.She urged her daughter to decide what she wanted to do
Period 5
I Gerunds after some verbs
Sử dụng trong các trường hợp sau:
Trang 171 Sau một số động từ như: admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, deny, discuss, dislike, enjoy, fancy, finish, imagine, involve, keep(on), mention, mind,miss, postpone,practise, prefer, quit, recall, recommend,resent, risk resist, suggest, tolerate,
….
Eg: + Tony dislikes driving small car.
+ Would you mind waiting for a moment ?
+ Have you finished reading that book ?
2 Sau các cụm từ như: be/get accustomed to, be/get used to, object to, look forward to,
take to, in addition to, be busy, be worth, have a good time/ difficulty in
Eg: + The children were not used to living in the country
+ They are looking forward to traveling abroad
3 Sau giới từ hoặc động từ + giới từ.( about, of, without, with, in, on, after, before… )
Eg: + Touch your toes without bending your knees.
+ Helen is excited about studying abroad.
IV C ác động từ theo sau là “ to-inf ” vµ “ V - ing ” nhưng nghĩa không thay đổi
Like, love, hate, begin, start, continue, intend, prefer, can’t bear,… có thể dùng dạng
“ to-inf ” và dạng “ V-ing ”
Eg: Tim loves to play / playing tennis.
II Tag – question:
Câu hỏi đuôi là câu hỏi ngắn, thường được đặt ở cuối câu trong tiếng Anh Có 2 dạng câu hỏi đuôi:
1 Positive statement + Negative tag ( Câu khẳng định + từ phủ định )
Eg: + It is very cold, isn’t it ?
Trang 18+ They go to school by bus, don’t they ?
2 Negative statement + Positive tag ( Cõu phủ định + từ khẳng định )
Eg: + I shouldn’t do this, should I ?
+ They don’t like it, do they ?
Lu ý:
a Trong cõu hỏi đuụicâu hỏi đuôi, các trợ từ và đại từ thờng đợc dùng
Eg: + You haven’t been there before, have you ?
+ Tom and Jack can swim, can’t they ?
+ Martin likes coffee, does he ?
b Nghĩa của cõu trả lời Yes và No cho cõu phủ định
Eg: + You’re not American, are you ?
Yes ( = Yes, I am )
No ( = No, I’m not )
III Exercises:
Period 6
I Adjectives and adverbs.
1 Nhiều trạng từ trong tiếng Anh được hỡnh thành bằng c ỏch thờm đuụi Ly vào sau tớnh từ.Nếu tớnh từ kết thỳc bằng Y thỡ chuyển Y thành I rồi thờm đuụi ly Nếu tớnh từ kết thỳc bằng
IC thỡ thờm AL trước khi thờm Ly Nếu tớnh từ kết thỳc bằng PLE hoặc BLE thỡ ta bỏ Ethõm Y