Difficulties in translating social english articles into vietnamese faced by the third year english major students at thuongmai university and some suggested solutions

The following is the translation of the article “ASEAN, EU Strengthen Cooperation Fight Against Covid-19” “Tăng C ường Hợp Tác ASEAN, EU Chống Lại Covid-19 ng H p Tác ASEAN, EU Ch ng L i

THUONGMAI UNIVERSITY ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

-GRADUATION PAPER DIFFICULTIES IN TRANSLATING SOCIAL ENGLISH ARTICLES INTO VIETNAMESE FACED BY THE THIRD-YEAR ENGLISH MAJOR STUDENTS AT THUONGMAI UNIVERSITY AND SOME

SUGGESTED SOLUTIONS

Hanoi, 2020

HÀ NỘI - 2015

Translation skill is an extremely necessary skill for us It plays an importantrole in the learning and working process In particular, for a foreign languagelearner, translation skill becomes a necessary and indispensable medium.According to some surveys, students say that they have difficulties in translatingsocial English articles into Vietnamese

This study was conducted to investigate problems in translating socialEnglish articles into Vietnamese which the third-year English majors atThuongmai University Then the researcher wants to find a reason for thoseproblems and propose solutions so that students can solve them Fifty peoplewho are third-year English major students at Thuongmai University participated

in this study

Therefore, in the hope of improving students' ability to translate with theenthusiastic help of participants, the researcher hopes this research will be auseful tool for everyone

With deep gratitude, I would like to thank Ms Phan Tu Lan for enthusiasticguidance and encouragement and valuable guidance so that we can complete thisgraduation paper.

I’m grateful to third-year English majors at Thuongmai University for theirenthusiastic participation Their sharing has become the main sources of data in

my research

Last but not least, I am deeply grateful to my family, my friends who alwaysstand by and support and become a great motivation to help me overcomedifficulties in the process of doing this research

In the course of making this graduation paper, although I have tried hard, it

is difficult to avoid errors, I hope the teachers will understand At the same time,due to the limited level of reasoning as well as limited scientific research ability

I look forward to receiving your comments and suggestions for the perfect of

my own graduation paper

Thank you sincerely!

Hanoi, April 22nd 2020

StudentNguyen Thi Huyen

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS iii

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS v

LIST OF TABLES AND CHARTS vi

CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY 1

1.1 Rationale 1

1.2 Previous studies 2

1.2.1 In the world: 2

1.2.2 In Vietnam: 2

1.3 The aims of the study 3

1.4 Research questions 3

1.5 Significance of this study 3

1.6 Scope of the study 3

1.7 Research methodology 4

1.8 Organization of the study 4

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 5

2.1 Overview of translating 5

2.1.1 The definition of translating 5

2.1.2 The significance of translating 6

2.1.3 Types of translating 7

2.1.4 The approach of translation 9

2.2 Translating English into Vietnamese in social articles 10

2.2.1 Social articles and translating English into Vietnamese in social articles 10

2.2.2 The factors influencing English into Vietnamese translation process in social articles 13

2.2.3 Difficulties in translating social English articles into Vietnamese 15

CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY AND RESEARCH FINDINGS 20

3.1 Methodology 20

3.1.1 Research methodology 20

3.1.2 Research questions 20

3.1.3 Participants 20

3.1.4 Data collection methods 20

3.1.5 Methods of data analysis 22

3.2 The results of the study 22

3.2.1 The survey questionnaires’ results 22

3.2.2 Discussion of the findings 31

CHAPTER 4: RECOMMENDATIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 32

4.1 Summary of the study 32

4.2 Possible solutions 32

4.2.1 Suggestions to improving vocabulary 32

4.2.2 Suggestions to improving grammar 34

4.2.3 Suggestion on practice 34

4.2.4 Suggestion on teachers and teaching method 35

4.2 Limitations of the study 36

4.3 Suggestion for further research 36

CONCLUSION 37

REFERENCES 38

APPENDIX: SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRES 39

LIST OF TABLES AND CHARTS

Chart 1 The students’ opinion is about learning translation

Table 2 The students’ opinions about the usefulness of studying

translation

translation social English article into VietnameseChart 3 How often do you have difficulties when translating social

English article into Vietnamese?

Table 3 The biggest challenge that students have to face when

translating social English article into VietnameseChart 4 How students will do when they encounter a new word in a

translation textTable 4 What students will do after they finish their translationChart 5 Things have a great influence on students’ interest in

translationChart 6 What do students do to improve their translation social

English article into Vietnamese skill?

CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY

1.1 Rationale

Nowadays, English has been a common language widely used in all countries ofthe world Nearly 60 countries use English as their primary language, besides theirmother tongue and nearly 100 countries use English as their second language.However, each country has its own culture and a unique language These countries that

do not use English, they must know two languages simultaneously to communicatewith international friends The English translation industry was born to help thedifficulties of those who have difficulty learning or acquiring a second language

Translators also have increasingly higher requirements when translating Onlyforeign languages cannot become a good translator Translators need to master thevocabulary and grammar, know about the social and cultural characteristics of thecountry in order to be able to convey to the target language completely

Recognizing the importance of translation, Thuongmai University has introducedTranslation into the subject The teachers teach the students how to translate Englishinto Vietnamese and how to translate Vietnamese into English The teachers instructstudents how to translate articles such as social, economics- business, culture -education, foreign affairs - health care, etc and specialized articles However, moststudents often find that they have a lot of difficulties in translating the social English -Vietnamese article

In this research, the researcher will investigate the difficulties in translatingsocial English articles into Vietnamese faced by the third-year English major students

at Thuongmai University and suggest some solutions to this problem Therefore, the

researcher would like to conduct the study entitled “Difficulties in translating social

English articles into Vietnamese faced by the third-year English major students at Thuongmai University and some suggested solutions” The researcher hopes thisstudy will help them find out their difficulties and provide them some solutions toimprove this skill

1.2 Previous studies

Research topics on issues “the difficulties of learners in English translation”

have been studied by many different researchers around the world in general and inViet Nam in particular

1.2.1 In the world:

A study named “Difficulties and some problems in translating legal

documents” by Ivanka Sakareva The paper aims at revealing the difficulties in

translating legal documents In order to make a full characteristic of these problems,Ivanka Sakareva has described the actual process of translating the rules that should beobserved by the translators the translation strategy in translating documents as well asthe importance of the cultural transfer How does the legal translation differ from theliteral one? Is it an easy task to translate specialized texts?

Another study named “Analysis of Translation Difficulties for the Fourth

Semester Students of English Department of IKIP Gunungsitoli Year 2013/2014”

with the objective of the research is to find out and to describe translation difficultiesfor the fourth semester students of English department of IKIP Gunungsitol Theresearcher uses two kinds of research instruments that are questionnaires which consist

of open and close and test as the source of content analysis applied as a part ofqualitative research method

1.2.2 In Vietnam:

A study named “Difficulties in Learning the Translation of Students major in

International Relations” The purpose of the research is to identify and explain these

difficulties, and to provide some methods for students to be good at translating andhave their own experience in the following working process The researcher limitedhis research subjects to 2 students of TA39A and TA39B classes, English department,Diplomatic Academy of Vietnam

There are some previous studies on translation skill of university students.All these studies show that different aspects of the problem give the reader amore multidimensional view and to recognize the importance of improvingtranslation skill Hope that my research will contribute a little bit to anyone

1.3 The aims of the study

When choosing and carrying out this study, the researcher expects to clarify

3 main issues:

 To investigate some factors effect student’s translation skill

 To find out some difficulties, and common problems in translating socialEnglish articles into Vietnamese the third-year English major students atThuongmai University which must face

 To suggest some possible solutions to these problems so as to helpstudents have a good translation skill

1.5 Significance of this study

The purposes of the study are to find out the difficulties and then proposesome solutions to improve the social articles translation skills Therefore, thisresearch is expected to bring significant benefits and become a useful resourcefor both students and teachers

Firstly, for students, through this research, they will find out theirweaknesses when translating and so that they come up with appropriatesolutions and apply it to fix their problems

Secondly, when this research has been completed, its findings andsuggestions will become one of the most effective tools to help the further anddeeper investigations

1.6 Scope of the study

The study focuses on the social articles translation skill of the third-yearEnglish major students at Thuongmai University There are several types ofEnglish-Vietnamese translations such as economics-business, culture-education,foreign affairs-health care.

Because of the limitations of time, information as well as knowledge, thisstudy cannot cover all of them It is mainly about the social articles translationskills In addition, due to a large number of students in Thuongmai University, theresearcher cannot investigate all of them These participants are the mostsuitable because they are already familiar with translation skills Therefore, thisstudy only focuses on the third-year English major students at ThuongmaiUniversity

1.7 Research methodology

This study is carried out in both qualitative and quantitative method.Therefore, the researcher conducts the research with some following steps:

- Firstly, the researcher searches some necessary documents in web sites

on Internet Besides, the researcher reads some previous studies related totranslation skills In addition, the researcher borrows books from library to havedirections for my study

- Secondly, the study includes survey questionnaires for students who arethe third-year English at Thuongmai University The survey investigates 50students at Thuongmai University

After getting results from survey, the researcher will collect and startanalyzing them by using tables and charts

1.8 Organization of the study

Except for chapter 1 (introduction) introduced above, the rest of the studyconsists of three chapters as below:

- Chapter 2, the literature review, it has the theoretical background oftranslation skill which are the basic foundation of data analysis

- Chapter 3, methodology and research findings, present the method usedfor data collection and data analysis process Besides, it will discuss the results ofthe study.

- Chapter 4, the summary of the whole study, suggestions, limitations of thestudy, and suggestions for further studies

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Overview of translating

2.1.1 The definition of translating

There are many different ways to define translation as a result of differentresearch interest as well as how researchers view it According to Malinowski inCholiludin (2005:4) says that translation must always be the re-creation of theoriginal into something profoundly different On the other hand, it is neversubstitution of word but invariably the translation of whole contents Of thistheory, it is concluded that the translation is a deep meaningful content and it isnot as a substitution SL word by another word into TL

To achieve a meaningful content, Wills in Noss (1982), cited by Suryawinata

& Hariyanto (2003:16), conversing that translation is a transfer process whichaims at the transformation of a written SL text into an optimally equivalent TLtext, and which requires the syntactic, the semantic and the pragmaticunderstanding and analytical processing of the SL

Again purposely Wills in Choliludin (2005:3), talks translation is aprocedure which leads from a written source language text toan optimallyequivalent target language text and requires the syntactic, semantic, stylistic, andtext pragmatic comprehension by the translator of the original text

According to Larsonalso in Choliludin (1984:3), states, Translation consists

of translating the meaning of the source language into the receptor language This

is done by going from the form of the first language to the form of a secondlanguage by way of semantic structure It is meaning which is being transferredand must be held constant Only the form changes

According to While Catford (1965:1) in Choliludin (2005:7), declares,Translation is an operation performed on languages; a process of substituting atext in one language for a text on another, translation must make use of a theory

of language, general linguistic theory

From the above definitions, we know that translation is rendering a written text

into another language in the way that the author intended the text (Theory of

interpreting and translation, Thuongmai University.)

Translators are concerned with the written word They render written texts fromone language into another Translators are required to undertake assignments whichrange from single items, such birth certificates and driving licenses, to more complexwritten material, such as articles in specialized professional journals, businesscontracts and legal documents

2.1.2 The significance of translating

The importance of translation in our daily lives is multidimensional.Translation not only paves the way for global interaction, but also allowscountries to create interactive relationships when it comes to advances intechnology, politics, education, mass media, science and technology, literature,tourism, religion, commerce and business,

 Translation connects the global economy, boosts the growth of multinational companies.

There’s a reason demand for translation services is booming While Englishhas been periodically crowned as “the language of global business,” translatingservices remain a vital part of doing business around the world

Translation is especially important for companies and businesses operating

in many countries and often share and receive information from different officesand global branches around the world In such cases, the shared informationneeds to be translated into a local preferred language Translation is also helpfulwhen companies engage with local businesses, or make government proposals

 Translation helps foreign affairs easily

Today, international diplomacy is the most important aspect of a country'sforeign affairs Be it a global summit or a new economic agreement, diplomatsand world leaders always present their ideas and thoughts in the language theyare comfortable It is very important that these ideas are translated in anexpressive, inaccurate and accurate manner that can lead to important issuesbetween the diplomatic relations of two or more countries

 Translation makes the cultural exchange conveniently

Music, literature, film and many other forms of art transcend globalboundaries because of the way they are effectively translated to reflect locallanguage and sentiments Translated and subtitled movies today make ever-greater revenue for the global film industry, with blockbusters seeing China asthe next big market, where the success of films The translation has mademanufacturers hit the $ 1 billion mark more often than ever And it's not just thefilm industry that benefits from translation, because music and literarytranslation allow artists to earn more royalties and international reputations as

an added bonus Besides, translation of lyrics helps to convey the cultural content

of the original song to a wider audience, connect directly between the twocultures from the original language of the song and approach more listeners

 Translation Boosts in Tourism

Translation can effectively help in solving one of the biggest touristdilemmas, that of being short-changed or fleeced by unfamiliar people in foreigndestinations At the same time, translated tourism materials not only help touristsfeel welcome in an unknown country, but also boosts the country's popularity as

a tourist friendly destination, thereby leading to significant tourism-relatedrevenues

2.1.3 Types of translating

There are many ways to classify translation Here are some types oftranslation classified by form

 Technical translation

The term “technical translation” can be understood in two ways:

In its broadest sense, it is about translating user manuals, instructionsleaflets, internal notes, medical translation, financial reports, minutes ofproceedings, administrative terms in general, and so forth These documentsshare the distinction of being for a specific and limited target audience andusually have a limited shelf-life

In its most limited sense, technical translation refers to “technical”documentation such as engineering, it, electronics, mechanics, and industrialtexts in general Technical translation requires knowledge of the specializedterminology used in the sector of the source text.

 Scientific translation

As a sub-group of technical translation, as its name indicates, scientifictranslations deal with documents in the domain of science: articles, theses,papers, congress booklets, conference presentations, study reports etc

 Financial translation

Financial or economic translation, of course, deals with documentationrelating to the likes of finance, banking, and stock exchange activity This includescompany annual accounts, annual reports, financial statements, financialcontracts, financing packages, and so forth

 Legal translation

Legal translation covers a wide range of different documents These mayinclude legal documents such as summons and warrants; administrative textssuch as registration certificates, corporate statutes and remittance drafts;technical documents such as expert opinions and texts for judicial purposes; and

a number of other texts in addition to reports and minutes of court proceedings

 Judicial translation

Judicial translations, not to be confused with legal or certified translations,refer to the task of translation undertaken in a court setting Judicial translatorsspecialize in translating documents such as letters rogatory, minutes ofproceedings, judgements, expert opinions, deposition, minutes of interrogationsessions etc

 Certified translation

A certified translator or sworn translator may use their signature toauthenticate official translations These are usually documents which requirelegal validation and are thus referred to as “certified” or “sworn” Certifiedtranslators often work in courtrooms as juridical translators, or act in the

capacity of a legal expert, as well as providing translations of civil statusdocumentation, marital agreements, divorce settlements, deceases, and wills, forexample.

 Literary translation

This is probably the hardest of all the different kinds of translation, asobviously, the translator must first try to render the semantic content of theoriginal text (as should be the case for the translation of any kind of text), andthen in addition deal with a number of other difficulties

2.1.4 The approach of translation

There are two approaches to translating:

 You start translating sentence by sentence, for say the paragraph orchapter, to get the feel and the feeling tone of the text, and then you deliberatelysit back, review the position, and read the rest of the SL text

 You read the whole text two or three times, and find the intention,register, tone, mark the difficult words and passages and start translating onlywhen you have taken your bearings

Which of the two methods you choose may depend on your temperament, or

on whether you trust your intuition (for the first method) or your powers ofanalysis (for the second)

Translating process begins with choosing a method of approach Secondly,when we are translating, we translate with four levels in mind: the SL text level,the referential level, the cohesive level, and the level of naturalness

a The Textual Level

You transpose the SL grammar (clauses and groups) into their “ready” TLequivalents and you translate the lexical units into sense that appearsimmediately appropriate in the context of the sentence Your base level when youtranslate is the text This is the level of the literal translation of the sourcelanguage into the target language, the level of the translator you have toeliminate, but it also acts as corrective of paraphrase and the parer-down ofsynonyms So a part of your mind may be on the text level whilst another is

elsewhere Translation is preeminently the occupation in which you have to bethinking of several things at the same time.

b The Referential Level

Whether a text is technical or literary or institutional, you have to make upyour mind summarily and continuously, what it is about, what it is in aid of, whatthe writer's peculiar slant on it is For each sentence, when it is not clear, whenthere is an ambiguity, when the writing is abstract or figurative, you have to askyourself: What is actually happening here? And why? For what reason, on whatpurpose? Can you see it in your mind? Can you visualize it? If you cannot, youhave to “supplement” the linguistic level, the text level with the referential level,the factual level with the necessary additional information from this level ofreality, the facts of the matter

c The Cohesive Level

This level follows both the structure and the moods of the text, the structurethrough the connective words (conjunctions, enumeration, reiterations, definitearticle, general words, referential synonyms, punctuation marks) linking thesentences, usually proceeding from known information (theme) to newinformation (rheme) The second factor in the cohesive level is mood movingbetween positive and negative, emotive and neutral For example, you have to

spot the difference between positive and neutral in, say, “passed away” and “died”,

“appreciate” and “evaluate”, between “I would welcome the opportunity of

meeting you in person at a time which is convenient for you” and “I would like tomeet you in person at a time which is convenient for you”

d The Level of Naturalness

For the vast majority of texts, you have to ensure: (a) that your translation

he text level makes sense; (b) that it reads naturally, that it is written in ordinaryoccupation in language, the common grammar, idioms and words that meet thatkind of e situation Normally, you can only do this by temporarily disengagingyourself from the SL text, by reading your own translation as though no to make

up original existed You have to ask yourself: Would you ever see this in The

Times, The Economist, in a textbook ? Is it common usage in that kind of hen it isnot writing? How frequent is it? Check and crosscheck words and expressions in

an up-to-date dictionary Note any word you are suspicious of

2.2 Translating English into Vietnamese in social articles

2.2.1 Social articles and translating English into Vietnamese in social articles

a Social articles

Social articles often reflect, notify promptly and quickly events, problemsthat have just happened, are happening or will happen in daily life Thephenomena, processes, events or characters mentioned in the social newspaperare usually single, or collect some typical events for the new, real, updated of thesociety

The following is a social article published on Vi t Nam News on March 20,ệt Nam News on March 20,2020

“ASEAN, EU Strengthen Cooperation Fight Against Covid-19

HÀ N I – Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Ph m Bình Minh, in his ạm Bình Minh, in his capacity as ASEAN 2020 Chair, has affirmed that Vi t Nam would continue working ệt Nam would continue working closely with ASEAN member states, partners, the World Health Organisation and the international community in the fight against COVID-19 pandemic.

During an ASEAN-EU ministerial teleconference to discuss coping with the epidemic on Friday, Minh informed participants of ASEAN’s active and timely response to the outbreak in the spirit of “Cohesive and Responsive” - the theme for the ASEAN Year 2020.

ASEAN had shown the highest determination to combat the epidemic by issuing the ASEAN Chair’s Statement, and statements from ministers in charge of national defence, the economy and tourism on measures to jointly fight COVID-19.

Vi t Nam had also chaired a meeting of the ASEAN Connectivity Coordinating ệt Nam would continue working Council to oversee the bloc's efforts, he said, adding that active efforts made by the ASEAN Community had brought about positive results with low rate of deaths compared to other regions in the world.

In the near future, ASEAN would continue stepping up actions and cooperating with partners in this regard, he said.

Minh suggested the EU offer technical assistance and partner in scientific research on disease control and treatment, thus mitigating its socio-economic impacts.

ASEAN and EU agreed to enhance the sharing of information and experience and policy consultation, especially in diagnosis, treatment and vaccine production Vice-President of the European Commission and High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy Josep Borrel proposed that ASEAN countries made it easier for EU citizens travelling in Southeast Asia to return home.

ASEAN member countries also asked the EU to provide treatment for their infected citizens living and working in Europe.”

b Translating English into Vietnamese in social articles

The translation of social articles from English into Vietnamese is the process

of translating information, things and facts so that Vietnamese people canunderstand exactly what the article refers to

The following is the translation of the article “ASEAN, EU Strengthen

Cooperation Fight Against Covid-19”

“Tăng C ường Hợp Tác ASEAN, EU Chống Lại Covid-19 ng H p Tác ASEAN, EU Ch ng L i Covid-19 ợp Tác ASEAN, EU Chống Lại Covid-19 ống Lại Covid-19 ạm Bình Minh, in his

V i vai trò là Ch t ch ASEAN 2020, Phó Th t ủ tịch ASEAN 2020, Phó Thủ tướng, Bộ trưởng Ngoại giao ịch ASEAN 2020, Phó Thủ tướng, Bộ trưởng Ngoại giao ủ tịch ASEAN 2020, Phó Thủ tướng, Bộ trưởng Ngoại giao ư ng, B tr ộ trưởng Ngoại giao ưởng Ngoại giao ng Ngo i giao ạm Bình Minh, in his

Ph m Bình Minh đã kh ng đ nh r ng Vi t Nam sẽ ti p t c h p tác ch t chẽ v i các ạm Bình Minh, in his ẳng định rằng Việt Nam sẽ tiếp tục hợp tác chặt chẽ với các ịch ASEAN 2020, Phó Thủ tướng, Bộ trưởng Ngoại giao ằng Việt Nam sẽ tiếp tục hợp tác chặt chẽ với các ệt Nam would continue working ếp tục hợp tác chặt chẽ với các ục hợp tác chặt chẽ với các ợp Tác ASEAN, EU Chống Lại Covid-19 ặt chẽ với các

qu c gia thành viên ASEAN, các đ i tác, T ch c Y t Th gi i và c ng đ ng qu c ống Lại Covid-19 ống Lại Covid-19 ổ chức Y tế Thế giới và cộng đồng quốc ức Y tế Thế giới và cộng đồng quốc ếp tục hợp tác chặt chẽ với các ếp tục hợp tác chặt chẽ với các ộ trưởng Ngoại giao ồng quốc ống Lại Covid-19

t trong cu c chi n ch ng đ i d ch COVID -19 ếp tục hợp tác chặt chẽ với các ộ trưởng Ngoại giao ếp tục hợp tác chặt chẽ với các ống Lại Covid-19 ạm Bình Minh, in his ịch ASEAN 2020, Phó Thủ tướng, Bộ trưởng Ngoại giao

Trong m t cu c h i ngh tr c tuy n c p B tr ộ trưởng Ngoại giao ộ trưởng Ngoại giao ộ trưởng Ngoại giao ịch ASEAN 2020, Phó Thủ tướng, Bộ trưởng Ngoại giao ực tuyến cấp Bộ trưởng ASEAN-EU diễn ra vào ếp tục hợp tác chặt chẽ với các ấp Bộ trưởng ASEAN-EU diễn ra vào ộ trưởng Ngoại giao ưởng Ngoại giao ng ASEAN-EU di n ra vào ễn ra vào

th Sáu đ th o lu n v vi c đ i phó v i d ch b nh, B tr ức Y tế Thế giới và cộng đồng quốc ận về việc đối phó với dịch bệnh, Bộ trưởng Ngoại giao Phạm ề việc đối phó với dịch bệnh, Bộ trưởng Ngoại giao Phạm ệt Nam would continue working ống Lại Covid-19 ịch ASEAN 2020, Phó Thủ tướng, Bộ trưởng Ngoại giao ệt Nam would continue working ộ trưởng Ngoại giao ưởng Ngoại giao ng Ngo i giao Ph m ạm Bình Minh, in his ạm Bình Minh, in his Bình Minh đã thông báo v n l c ng phó ch đ ng, k p th i c a ASEAN khi d ch ề việc đối phó với dịch bệnh, Bộ trưởng Ngoại giao Phạm ỗ lực ứng phó chủ động, kịp thời của ASEAN khi dịch ực tuyến cấp Bộ trưởng ASEAN-EU diễn ra vào ức Y tế Thế giới và cộng đồng quốc ủ tịch ASEAN 2020, Phó Thủ tướng, Bộ trưởng Ngoại giao ộ trưởng Ngoại giao ịch ASEAN 2020, Phó Thủ tướng, Bộ trưởng Ngoại giao ờng Hợp Tác ASEAN, EU Chống Lại Covid-19 ủ tịch ASEAN 2020, Phó Thủ tướng, Bộ trưởng Ngoại giao ịch ASEAN 2020, Phó Thủ tướng, Bộ trưởng Ngoại giao

b nh bùng phát theo tinh th n “G n k t và Ch đ ng thích ng” - ch đ c a ệt Nam would continue working ần “Gắn kết và Chủ động thích ứng” - chủ đề của ắn kết và Chủ động thích ứng” - chủ đề của ếp tục hợp tác chặt chẽ với các ủ tịch ASEAN 2020, Phó Thủ tướng, Bộ trưởng Ngoại giao ộ trưởng Ngoại giao ức Y tế Thế giới và cộng đồng quốc ủ tịch ASEAN 2020, Phó Thủ tướng, Bộ trưởng Ngoại giao ề việc đối phó với dịch bệnh, Bộ trưởng Ngoại giao Phạm ủ tịch ASEAN 2020, Phó Thủ tướng, Bộ trưởng Ngoại giao ASEAN năm 2020.

ASEAN đã th hi n quy t tâm chish tr m c cao nh t đ ch ng l i d ch ệt Nam would continue working ếp tục hợp tác chặt chẽ với các ịch ASEAN 2020, Phó Thủ tướng, Bộ trưởng Ngoại giao ởng Ngoại giao ức Y tế Thế giới và cộng đồng quốc ấp Bộ trưởng ASEAN-EU diễn ra vào ống Lại Covid-19 ạm Bình Minh, in his ịch ASEAN 2020, Phó Thủ tướng, Bộ trưởng Ngoại giao

b nh b ng cách đ a ra Tuyên b c a Ch t ch ASEAN c p cao, các tuyên b c p ệt Nam would continue working ằng Việt Nam sẽ tiếp tục hợp tác chặt chẽ với các ư ống Lại Covid-19 ủ tịch ASEAN 2020, Phó Thủ tướng, Bộ trưởng Ngoại giao ủ tịch ASEAN 2020, Phó Thủ tướng, Bộ trưởng Ngoại giao ịch ASEAN 2020, Phó Thủ tướng, Bộ trưởng Ngoại giao ởng Ngoại giao ấp Bộ trưởng ASEAN-EU diễn ra vào ống Lại Covid-19 ấp Bộ trưởng ASEAN-EU diễn ra vào

b tr ộ trưởng Ngoại giao ưởng Ngoại giao ng chuyên ngành nh qu c phòng, kinh t và du l ch, đ ra các bi n pháp ư ống Lại Covid-19 ếp tục hợp tác chặt chẽ với các ịch ASEAN 2020, Phó Thủ tướng, Bộ trưởng Ngoại giao ề việc đối phó với dịch bệnh, Bộ trưởng Ngoại giao Phạm ệt Nam would continue working

đ cùng nhau ch ng l i COVID-19 ống Lại Covid-19 ạm Bình Minh, in his

Vi t Nam cũng đã ch trì m t cu c h p B tr ệt Nam would continue working ủ tịch ASEAN 2020, Phó Thủ tướng, Bộ trưởng Ngoại giao ộ trưởng Ngoại giao ộ trưởng Ngoại giao ọp Bộ trưởng Hội đồng Điều phối ộ trưởng Ngoại giao ưởng Ngoại giao ng H i đ ng Đi u ph i ộ trưởng Ngoại giao ồng quốc ề việc đối phó với dịch bệnh, Bộ trưởng Ngoại giao Phạm ống Lại Covid-19 ASEAN đ đi u ph i các n l c c a kh i, ông nói thêm r ng nh ng n l c tích ề việc đối phó với dịch bệnh, Bộ trưởng Ngoại giao Phạm ống Lại Covid-19 ỗ lực ứng phó chủ động, kịp thời của ASEAN khi dịch ực tuyến cấp Bộ trưởng ASEAN-EU diễn ra vào ủ tịch ASEAN 2020, Phó Thủ tướng, Bộ trưởng Ngoại giao ống Lại Covid-19 ằng Việt Nam sẽ tiếp tục hợp tác chặt chẽ với các ững nỗ lực tích ỗ lực ứng phó chủ động, kịp thời của ASEAN khi dịch ực tuyến cấp Bộ trưởng ASEAN-EU diễn ra vào

c c c a C ng đ ng ASEAN đã mang l i k t qu tích c c v i t l t vong th p so ực tuyến cấp Bộ trưởng ASEAN-EU diễn ra vào ủ tịch ASEAN 2020, Phó Thủ tướng, Bộ trưởng Ngoại giao ộ trưởng Ngoại giao ồng quốc ạm Bình Minh, in his ếp tục hợp tác chặt chẽ với các ực tuyến cấp Bộ trưởng ASEAN-EU diễn ra vào ỷ lệ tử vong thấp so ệt Nam would continue working ử vong thấp so ấp Bộ trưởng ASEAN-EU diễn ra vào

v i các khu v c khác trên th gi i ực tuyến cấp Bộ trưởng ASEAN-EU diễn ra vào ếp tục hợp tác chặt chẽ với các

Trong t ương lai gần, ASEAN sẽ tiếp tục đẩy mạnh các hành động cụ thể, ng lai g n, ASEAN sẽ ti p t c đ y m nh các hành đ ng c th , ần “Gắn kết và Chủ động thích ứng” - chủ đề của ếp tục hợp tác chặt chẽ với các ục hợp tác chặt chẽ với các ẩy mạnh các hành động cụ thể, ạm Bình Minh, in his ộ trưởng Ngoại giao ục hợp tác chặt chẽ với các thi t th c, tăng c ếp tục hợp tác chặt chẽ với các ực tuyến cấp Bộ trưởng ASEAN-EU diễn ra vào ường Hợp Tác ASEAN, EU Chống Lại Covid-19 ng trao đ i và ph i h p các c p cũng nh v i các đ i tác ổ chức Y tế Thế giới và cộng đồng quốc ống Lại Covid-19 ợp Tác ASEAN, EU Chống Lại Covid-19 ởng Ngoại giao ấp Bộ trưởng ASEAN-EU diễn ra vào ư ống Lại Covid-19

Phó Th t ủ tịch ASEAN 2020, Phó Thủ tướng, Bộ trưởng Ngoại giao ư ng, B tr ộ trưởng Ngoại giao ưởng Ngoại giao ng Ph m Bình Minh đ ngh EU cung c p h tr kỹ ạm Bình Minh, in his ề việc đối phó với dịch bệnh, Bộ trưởng Ngoại giao Phạm ịch ASEAN 2020, Phó Thủ tướng, Bộ trưởng Ngoại giao ấp Bộ trưởng ASEAN-EU diễn ra vào ỗ lực ứng phó chủ động, kịp thời của ASEAN khi dịch ợp Tác ASEAN, EU Chống Lại Covid-19 thu t và h p tác trong nghiên c u khoa h c v ki m soát và đi u tr b nh, do đó ận về việc đối phó với dịch bệnh, Bộ trưởng Ngoại giao Phạm ợp Tác ASEAN, EU Chống Lại Covid-19 ức Y tế Thế giới và cộng đồng quốc ọp Bộ trưởng Hội đồng Điều phối ề việc đối phó với dịch bệnh, Bộ trưởng Ngoại giao Phạm ề việc đối phó với dịch bệnh, Bộ trưởng Ngoại giao Phạm ịch ASEAN 2020, Phó Thủ tướng, Bộ trưởng Ngoại giao ệt Nam would continue working

gi m thi u tác đ ng kinh t xã h i ộ trưởng Ngoại giao ếp tục hợp tác chặt chẽ với các ộ trưởng Ngoại giao

ASEAN và EU đã đ ng ý tăng c ồng quốc ường Hợp Tác ASEAN, EU Chống Lại Covid-19 ng chia s thông tin và kinh nghi m và t ẻ thông tin và kinh nghiệm và tư ệt Nam would continue working ư

v n chính sách, đ c bi t là trong ch n đoán, đi u tr và s n xu t v c-xin ấp Bộ trưởng ASEAN-EU diễn ra vào ặt chẽ với các ệt Nam would continue working ẩy mạnh các hành động cụ thể, ề việc đối phó với dịch bệnh, Bộ trưởng Ngoại giao Phạm ịch ASEAN 2020, Phó Thủ tướng, Bộ trưởng Ngoại giao ấp Bộ trưởng ASEAN-EU diễn ra vào ắn kết và Chủ động thích ứng” - chủ đề của

Phó Ch t ch y ban Châu Âu và Đ i di n cao c a Liên minh Chính sách đ i ủ tịch ASEAN 2020, Phó Thủ tướng, Bộ trưởng Ngoại giao ịch ASEAN 2020, Phó Thủ tướng, Bộ trưởng Ngoại giao Ủy ban Châu Âu và Đại diện cao của Liên minh Chính sách đối ạm Bình Minh, in his ệt Nam would continue working ủ tịch ASEAN 2020, Phó Thủ tướng, Bộ trưởng Ngoại giao ống Lại Covid-19 ngo i và An ninh châu Âu Josep Borrel đ xu t r ng các n ạm Bình Minh, in his ề việc đối phó với dịch bệnh, Bộ trưởng Ngoại giao Phạm ấp Bộ trưởng ASEAN-EU diễn ra vào ằng Việt Nam sẽ tiếp tục hợp tác chặt chẽ với các ư c ASEAN giúp công dân EU đi du l ch Đông Nam Á khi tr v n ịch ASEAN 2020, Phó Thủ tướng, Bộ trưởng Ngoại giao ởng Ngoại giao ởng Ngoại giao ề việc đối phó với dịch bệnh, Bộ trưởng Ngoại giao Phạm ư c d dàng h n ễn ra vào ơng lai gần, ASEAN sẽ tiếp tục đẩy mạnh các hành động cụ thể,

Các n ư c thành viên ASEAN cũng yêu c u EU đi u tr cho các công dân b ần “Gắn kết và Chủ động thích ứng” - chủ đề của ề việc đối phó với dịch bệnh, Bộ trưởng Ngoại giao Phạm ịch ASEAN 2020, Phó Thủ tướng, Bộ trưởng Ngoại giao ịch ASEAN 2020, Phó Thủ tướng, Bộ trưởng Ngoại giao nhi m đang s ng và làm vi c châu Âu.” ễn ra vào ống Lại Covid-19 ệt Nam would continue working ởng Ngoại giao

2.2.2 The factors influencing English into Vietnamese translation process in social articles

a Influence of the mother tongue

During the process of learning a foreign language, our mother tongue has abig influence on our way of thinking and, to some extent, our use of the targetlanguage (word order, word choice) Thanks to the translation, we understandbetter the interference of the mother tongue when learning a foreign language

We will be able to explore the potential of both languages – their merits andshortcoming – by using contrastive analysis

As we seen in English, an adjective precedes a noun and the same positionfor possessive adjective However, in Vietnamese, an adjective or possessiveadjective follows a noun as in the following formula:

 English: Adjective + N/ possessive Adjective + N

 Vietnamese: N + Adjective/ N + possessive Adjective

For example: “Decorated with fascinating photographs, the hotel's lobby is a

great place to pass the time while waiting for someone.”

Therefore, the phrase above is rewritten in Vietnamese as: “Được trang tríc trang trí

v i ới nh ng b c nh h p d n ững nỗ lực tích ức Y tế Thế giới và cộng đồng quốc ấp Bộ trưởng ASEAN-EU diễn ra vào ẫn , s nh c a khách s n là ảnh của khách sạn là ủa khách sạn là ạn là m t n i tuy t v i ộ trưởng Ngoại giao ơng lai gần, ASEAN sẽ tiếp tục đẩy mạnh các hành động cụ thể, ệt Nam would continue working ờng Hợp Tác ASEAN, EU Chống Lại Covid-19 đ gi t th iể giết thời ết thời ờigian trong khi ch đ i.ời ợc trang trí ”

b Context

Language plays a crucial role in conveying information; it is the vehicle ofour ideas, thoughts, feelings, and perspectives of our world Translation isconsidered being a process of carrying the meaning of a text from one language toanother language This process involves interpretation of the meaning of thesource text and producing the same meaning of this text by mean of anotherlanguage Texts, however, cannot exist out of context By context, meaning is theentire environment in which the word or sentence is expressed or stated Anyword in the text is not presented in isolation but in interaction with other words

in the text and with the whole text at large This interaction among wordsdetermines their meaning rather than its isolated meaning

For example:

 The uses of the word “work” in the following sentences:

- I work at Ministry of Education and Training

- Kieu story is a famous work.

- After graduating, I will look for work.

The “work” in the first example is a normal verb It means the activity by which one makes a living In the second one, “work” means the output of a creative writer whereas “work” in the last example has another different meaning,

that is a noun relating to a job or an employment

 The uses of the word “hand” in the following sentences:

- Clean your hand before eating.

- There are 23 hands employees at this farm.

The word “hand” in the first example means a part of a body which is used to

hold something while “hand” in the later one refers to a people who work asemployees

Context is really important and necessary in helping us decide which wordshould be chosen to obtain the suitable meaning in our translated text If wemisunderstand the context, it leads to choosing of inappropriate meanings ofwords It, therefore, results in a bad translated text Context partly contributes tocreate a true translated output that is considered the most importantrequirement of translation

to another one Almost all languages have a meaning of plurality; for instance, thefinal letter “_s” represents plurality in English It occurs in the grammar as a suffix

of the nouns or verbs or both However, in Vietnamese, plurality is expressed in

an isolated word “nh ng”, “các” or “vài”, ững nỗ lực tích etc Sometimes, a single word in thesource language – English, will need to be translated by several words into thetarget language – Vietnamese, and vice versa

For example:

- “One of the important matters now is health issues.”

Translated: “M t trong ột trong nh ng ững nỗ lực tích v n đ quan tr ng hi n nay là v n đ s cấn đề quan trọng hiện nay là vấn đề sức ề quan trọng hiện nay là vấn đề sức ọng hiện nay là vấn đề sức ệt Nam News on March 20, ấn đề quan trọng hiện nay là vấn đề sức ề quan trọng hiện nay là vấn đề sức ức

kh e.”ỏe.”

- “Steps are taken before translation.”

Translated: “ Các bưới c được trang tríc th c hi n trực hiện trước khi dịch thuật.” ệt Nam News on March 20, ưới c khi d ch thu t.”ịch thuật.” ật.”

Some words that can be countable in Vietnamese but are uncountable inEnglish For example: information, equipment, furniture, potential, advice, etc.For example:

- "He provided very useful information."

Translated “Anh y đã cung c p ấn đề quan trọng hiện nay là vấn đề sức ấn đề quan trọng hiện nay là vấn đề sức nh ng thông tin ững nỗ lực tích th t h u ích.”ật.” ữu ích.”

Secondly, it is the characteristic of languages that the same meaningcomponents will occur in several surface structure lexical items Let’s look at the

word “sheep” in English The word “lamb”, “ram” and “ewe” also include the meaning “sheep” They include the additional meaning components of a young sheep by “lamb”, an adult male sheep by “ram” and an adult female sheep by using the word “ewe” Another example is the word “chicken” in English The word “rooster”, “hen” and “chick” also include the meaning “chicken” They include the additional meaning components of a young chicken by “chick”, an adult chicken male by “rooster” and an adult female chicken by using the word “hen”.

2.2.3 Difficulties in translating social English articles into Vietnamese

There are lots of difficulties in translating social English articles intoVietnamese

a Culture

Firstly, because of different geography, Vietnamese and England socialculture are generally 180 degrees different There are some large differences that

we can hardly accept, but there are also features we should understand and know

in order to broaden knowledge and get along easily The fastest way to integrateand overcome culture shock is to equip yourself with the necessary knowledgeabout culture, society and people of your country

Culture can partly affects translation process Translators are permanentlyfaced with the problem how to treat the cultural aspects implicit in a source textand of finding the most appropriate technique of successfully conveying theseaspects in the target language Misunderstanding of culture can lead to badtranslation product and sometimes makes it funny and even insulting to readers

of the target language Therefore, when Vietnamese translators want to translate

the social English article into Vietnamese, they should understand the culture ofthe two countries deeply Culture is useful tool to improve the understanding andknowledge of other nations and their people.

For example, Vietnam is located in the tropical monsoon region, the complexterrain, the long-standing agriculture, the struggle against foreign invasion, andheroism are the main characteristics of Vietnamese culture The customs ofmarriage, religion, beliefs are very popular with Vietnamese people but extremelystrange to Westerners

b Words and choices of word meanings

Words play a crucial role for any language learners to build their ownvocabulary system to get advantages in their language learning Vocabulary is thefundamental component of communication The more vocabulary one has, themore advantages for us to obtain effective communication However, translatorsoften have difficulties in new words, they seem to fail translating Most of Englishwords have many meanings There will be a primary meaning – the meaningwhich usually comes to mind when the word is said in isolation, and thecontextual meaning (or secondary meaning) – the additional meanings which aword has in other specific contexts with other supporting words in certainorders For example, The Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary give 33 meanings

of the verb “run” such as “ch y”, “ v n hành”, “ l ạm Bình Minh, in his ận về việc đối phó với dịch bệnh, Bộ trưởng Ngoại giao Phạm ư t đi”, “xoay quanh”, “ ng c ”, “ ức Y tế Thế giới và cộng đồng quốc ử vong thấp so

đu i theo”, “ ch huy” ổ chức Y tế Thế giới và cộng đồng quốc ỉ huy” , etc

When we say “the boy runs”, it comes to our mind that “the boy moves fast”.

However, in the sentences:

“Mr John ran for governor so he was a fair game for the press The reporters dug back into his past and printed things about him that happened way back in childhood But they found nothing that looked too bad and he did get elected”.

The word “ran” is the past and past participle of “run” If the meaning of

these words is not selected carefully and appropriately, the translator will have abad translated text in consequence like in the following translation:

“Ông John ch y tr n Th ng đ c vì th ông là m c tiêu đáng chú ý cho báo ạm Bình Minh, in his ống Lại Covid-19 ống Lại Covid-19 ống Lại Covid-19 ếp tục hợp tác chặt chẽ với các ục hợp tác chặt chẽ với các

gi i soi mói Các phóng viên đã quay l i b i móc cái quá kh c a ông và đăng ra ạm Bình Minh, in his ức Y tế Thế giới và cộng đồng quốc ủ tịch ASEAN 2020, Phó Thủ tướng, Bộ trưởng Ngoại giao

nh ng gì đã x y ra trong th i th u Nh ng h không tìm th y đ ững nỗ lực tích ờng Hợp Tác ASEAN, EU Chống Lại Covid-19 ơng lai gần, ASEAN sẽ tiếp tục đẩy mạnh các hành động cụ thể, ấp Bộ trưởng ASEAN-EU diễn ra vào ư ọp Bộ trưởng Hội đồng Điều phối ấp Bộ trưởng ASEAN-EU diễn ra vào ượp Tác ASEAN, EU Chống Lại Covid-19 c cái gì quá

x u và ông đã đ c c ” ấp Bộ trưởng ASEAN-EU diễn ra vào ắn kết và Chủ động thích ứng” - chủ đề của ử vong thấp so

Suggested version: “Ông John ra tranh c vào ch c v th ng đ c, vì th các ử vong thấp so ức Y tế Thế giới và cộng đồng quốc ục hợp tác chặt chẽ với các ống Lại Covid-19 ống Lại Covid-19 ếp tục hợp tác chặt chẽ với các phóng viên đã quay l i kh i d y l i quá kh c a ông Tuy nhiên, h không tìm th y ạm Bình Minh, in his ơng lai gần, ASEAN sẽ tiếp tục đẩy mạnh các hành động cụ thể, ận về việc đối phó với dịch bệnh, Bộ trưởng Ngoại giao Phạm ạm Bình Minh, in his ức Y tế Thế giới và cộng đồng quốc ủ tịch ASEAN 2020, Phó Thủ tướng, Bộ trưởng Ngoại giao ọp Bộ trưởng Hội đồng Điều phối ấp Bộ trưởng ASEAN-EU diễn ra vào

đ ượp Tác ASEAN, EU Chống Lại Covid-19 c đi u gì quá t v ông và ông đã đ c c ” ề việc đối phó với dịch bệnh, Bộ trưởng Ngoại giao Phạm ệt Nam would continue working ề việc đối phó với dịch bệnh, Bộ trưởng Ngoại giao Phạm ắn kết và Chủ động thích ứng” - chủ đề của ử vong thấp so

c Grammatical structures

Vocabulary is really important but it is not enough for translation Grammar

or grammatical structure is another special mean to make translating meaningful.Insufficient knowledge on either of the two areas may lead to poor quality oftranslation For example, one interesting thing is Vietnamese tend to use activesentences in their speech, but the passive voice is used very frequently in English,therefore, it sometimes poses some problems for translators who translate fromEnglish to Vietnamese

 Tom is given a prensent by Mary = Tom được trang tríc Mary t ng m t món quà.ặng một món quà ột trong

 John was attacked by a stranger last night = John b m t k l m t t nịch thuật.” ột trong ẻ lạ mặt tấn ạn là ặng một món quà ấn đề quan trọng hiện nay là vấn đề sứccông t i hôm qua.ối hôm qua

- English: A + to be done = A + be V3/ed or A + has/have been + V3/ed

-Vietnamese: A được trang tríc + đ ng t (Positive meaning) or A b + đ ng tột trong ừ + (bởi B) or A được/ do + B + động từ ịch thuật.” ột trong ừ + (bởi B) or A được/ do + B + động từ(Negative meaning) or Ngườii ta/ ai đó + đ ng t + Aột trong ừ + (bởi B) or A được/ do + B + động từ

For example: