Thì Hiện Tại Đơn Từ A đến Z kèm bài tập và đáp án đầy đủ

Thì hiện tại đơn trong tiếng anh - công thức - ví dụ - bài tập - đáp án

Thì hiện tại đơn (Tên Tiếng Anh: Simple present hoặc Present simple) là một thì trong tiếng

Anh hiện đại Thì này diễn tả một hành động chung chung, tổng quát lặp đi lặp lại nhiều lần hoặc một sự thật hiển nhiên hoặc một hành động diễn ra trong thời gian hiện tại

1 Cách dùng

● Diễn tả thói quen hằng ngày

Ví dụ: We go to school every day (Tôi đi học mỗi ngày)

He gets up at 6AM every day (Anh ta dậy vào 6h sáng mỗi ngày)

● Sự việc hay sự thật hiển nhiên

Ví dụ: The earth moves around the Sun (Trái đất quay quanh mặt trời)

The sun rises in the East (Mặt trời mọc đằng Đông)

● Suy nghĩ và cảm xúc tức thời

Ví dụ: She is happy today (Hôm nay cô ấy vui)

I am good, thanks (Tôi tốt, cảm ơn) They don’t like Rock music (Họ không thích nhạc Rốc) She looks very tired (Trông cô ấy rất mệt)

● Để đưa ra chỉ dẫn (chủ yếu dùng trong văn nói)

Ví dụ: Ok, go straight ahead and then turn right (Ok, Đi thẳng và rẽ phải)

● Để nói lên khả năng của mỗi người có được

Ví dụ: I can draw (Tôi có thể vẽ)

She can sing (Cô ấy có thể hát)

● Diễn tả một kế hoạch sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai gần nhưng có lịch trình và thời gian biểu cụ thể

Ví dụ: The train leaves at 8 am tomorrow (Tàu khởi hành lúc 8 giờ sáng mai.)

2 Cấu trúc

Đối với động từ thường:

Khi Chủ ngữ (Ký hiệu S) là I - You - We -

They - Chủ ngữ số nhiều như My sisters, the

workers…

Khi Chủ ngữ (Ký hiệu S) là He - She -It - Chủ ngữ số ít như My Father, The cat, my dog…

(+) Khẳng định: S + V + O

- Động từ (ký hiệu V) được giữ nguyên,

không chia

Vd: I often play football with my friends after

school (Tôi thi thoảng chơi bóng đá với bạn

bè sau khi tan học)

(+) Khẳng định: S + V (s,es) + O

- Động từ thêm s hoặc es

Cách thêm s/es:

– Thêm s vào đằng sau hầu hết các

động từ: want-wants; work-works;…

– Thêm es vào các động từ kết thúc

bằng ch, sh, x, s, ss: watch-watches;

miss-misses; wash-washes; fix-fixes;

…

– Bỏ y và thêm ies vào sau các động

từ kết thúc bởi một phụ âm + y:

study-studies;…

– Động từ bất quy tắc: Go-goes; do-does; have-has.

Vd:

My mom likes sweet cakes (Mẹ tôi

thích bánh ngọt)

She does her homework in the

evening (Cô ấy làm bài tập về nhà vào buổi tối)

Peter studies at home today (Peter

hôm nay học ở nhà.)

(-) Phủ định: S + don't + V + O

I don’t often play football with my friends

after school (Tôi không hay chơi bóng đá với

bạn bè sau khi tan học)

Don’t = do not

(-) Phủ định: S + doesn't + V + O

Vd: My mom doesn’t like sweet cakes (Mẹ

tôi không thích bánh ngọt)

She doesn’t do her homework in the

evening (Cô ấy không làm bài tập về nhà vào buổi tối)

Peter doesn’t study at home today (Peter

hôm nay không học ở nhà.)

Doesn’t = does not

(?) Câu hỏi Yes/ No: Do + S + V + O?

Yes, S + do

No, S + don’t

Vd: Do you often play football with your

friends after school? (Bạn có hay chơi bóng

đá với bạn bè sau giờ học không)

Yes,I do

(?) Câu hỏi Yes/ No: Does + S + V + O? Yes, S + does

No, S + doesn’t

Vd: Does your Mom like sweet cakes? (Mẹ bạn có thích bánh ngọt không?)

No, she doesn’t

(?) Câu hỏi có từ để hỏi:

Wh - question + Do + S + V + O?

Vd: What do you often do after school?(Bạn

hay làm gì sau khi tan học ở trường)

I often play football with my friends after

school.

(?) Câu hỏi có từ để hỏi:

Wh - question + Does + S + V + O?

What does Peter do today? (Hôm nay Peter làm gì?)

He studies at home today.

Đối với động từ Tobe:

(+) Khẳng định: S + is/are/am + Adj/Adv/N

(-) Phủ định: S + isn't/aren't/amn't + Adj/Adv/N

(?) Câu hỏi: Is/are/am + S + Adj/Adv/N?

Wh-question + Is/are/am + S?

* Chú thích:

S = chủ ngữ

Adj = adjectives - tính từ

Adv = adverbs - trạng từ

N = noun - danh từ

*Lưu ý:

Chủ ngữ là I đi với AM

Chủ ngữ là You - we - they - danh từ số nhiều đi với ARE

Chủ ngữ số ít - He - she - it đi với IS

Isn’t = is not

Aren’t = are not

VD:

Chủ ngữ S I You - we - they He - she - it

Câu khẳng định I am a student They are happy She is beautiful Câu phủ định I am not a student They are not

happy She is not beautiful.

Câu nghi vấn

yes/ no

Am i a student?

Yes, i am

No, i am not

Are they happy?

Yes, they are

No, they are not

Is she beautiful? Yes, she is

No, she isn’t Câu hỏi có từ để

hỏi

Who am i? How are they? How is she?

3 DẤU HIỆU NHẬN BIẾT

Khi trong câu có xuất hiện các phó từ sau, thì các bạn sẽ vận dụng cấu trúc của thì hiện tại đơn:

● “EVERY”: Every day, every year, every month, every afternoon, every morning, every evening

● Once a day, twice a week, three times a week, four times a week, five times a week, once a month, once a year

● Always, usually, every, often, generally, frequently, sometimes, occasionally, seldom, rarely, hardly ever, never,

● In the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening,

4 BÀI TẬP

I - Cho dạng đúng của động từ “to be”

1 This (be) Lan’s mother

2 Her name (be) Hang

3 (be) she 39 years old?

4 She (be not) a doctor

5.They (be not) her father and mother

6 The doctors (be not) in the room

7 Their classroom (be not) on the fourth floor

8 Hung’s house (be not) on Tran Phu street

9 .(be) they actors?

10 (your father) tall?

II Hoàn thành các câu sau:

1) Tom stamps (not collect)

2) You songs in the bathroom (not sing)

3) Julie in the garden (not work)

4) I stay at home ( not stay)

5) Tina and Kate the windows (not open)

6) Adam French (not speak)

7) His sister lemonade (not like)

8) We to music (not listen)

9) My father the car every Saturday (not clean)

10) Johnny and Danny in the lake (not swim)

III Hoàn thành các câu sau bằng cách khoanh tròn đáp án đúng nhất:

1) I don’t stay/doesn’t stay at home

2) We don’t wash/doesn’t wash the family car

3) Doris don’t do/doesn’t do her homework

4) They don’t go/doesn’t go to bed at 8.30 pm

5) Kevin don’t open/doesn’t open his workbook

6) Our hamster don’t eat/doesn’t eat apples

7) You don’t chat/doesn’t chat with your friends

8) She don’t use/doesn’t use a ruler

9) Max, Frank and Steve don’t skate/doesn’t skate in the yard

10) The boy don’t throw/doesn’t throw stones

IV Điền trợ động từ ở dạng phủ định.

1 I ……… like tea

2 He ……… play football in the afternoon

3 You ……… go to bed at midnight

4 They……….do the homework on weekends

5 The bus ……….arrive at 8.30 a.m

6 My brother ……….finish work at 8 p.m

7 Our friends ……… live in a big house

8 The cat ……… like me

V Hoàn thành các câu sau: (Chuyển sang câu phủ định)

1) They play volleyball every week - They volleyball every week 2) John is nice - John nice

3) This car makes a lot of noise - This car a lot of noise

4) I like computer games - I computer games

5) We are from Greece - We from Greece

6) You wear pullovers - You pullovers

7) They speak English - They English

8) He watches TV - He TV

9) I am from Spain - I from Spain

10) Steve draws nice pictures – Steve nice pictures

VI Chọn dạng đúng của từ.

1 Police catch/ catches robbers

2 My dad is a driver He always wear/ wears a white coat

3 They never drink/ drinks beer

4 Lucy go/ goes window-shopping seven times a month

5 She have/ has a pen

6 Mary and Marcus eat out/ eats out everyday.

7 Mark usually watch/ watches TV before going to bed

8 Maria is a teacher She teach/ teaches students

VII Điền dạng đúng của từ trong ngoặc.

1 She (not study) ……… on Saturday

2 He (have) ……… a new haircut today

3 I usually (have) ……….breakfast at 6.30

4 Peter (not/ study)……….very hard He never gets high scores

5 My mother often (teach)……….me English on Saturday evenings

6 I like Math and she (like)……….Literature

7 My sister (wash)……….the dishes every day

8 They (not/ have)……….breakfast every morning

VIII Hoàn thành các câu sau: (Chuyển sang câu nghi vấn dạng YES/ NO)

1) She feeds the animals ……….

2) We take photos ………

3) Sandy does the housework every Thursday ………

4) The boys have two rabbits ………

5) Simon can read English books ………

6) He listens to the radio every evening ………

7) Anne is the best singer of our school ………

8) The children are at home ………

9) The dog runs after the cat.………

10) Lessons always finish at 3 o'clock ………

IX Hoàn thành các câu hỏi sau: Ex: (where / you / go to school?) Where do you go to school? 1 (what / you / do?)

2 (where / John / come from?)

3 (how long / it / take from London to Paris?)

4 (how often / she / go to the cinema?)

5 (how many children / you / have?)

6 (when / you / get up?)

7 (how often / you / study English?)

8 (what time / the film / start?)

9 (where / you / play tennis?)

10 (what sports / Lucy / like?)

11 (how / they / get to work?)

12 (how often / I / come here?)

13 (where / she / live?)

14 (why / you / eat so much chocolate?)

15 (what / this machine / do?)

16 (who / she / meet on Saturdays?)

17 (how many brothers / she / have?)

18 (how much / this / cost?)

19 (where / you / eat lunch?)

X Hoàn thành các câu hỏi sau:

Ex Where / John?

Where is John?

Why / they / hungry?

Why are they hungry?

1 Where / we?

2 Who / you?

3 Why / he / late?

4 What / this?

5 Where / Jimmy ?

6 How old / she ?

7 How / you ?

8 Where / the station?

9 What time / it now?

10 Where / Pedro / from?

11 Why / they / in the kitchen?

12 How / the food?

13 How long / the journey?

14 How old / you ?

15 Why / I / here?

16 What time / the concert?

17 Where / she?

18 Who / Julie / with?

5 ĐÁP ÁN

I - Cho dạng đúng của động từ “to be”

1 This (be) is Lan’s mother

2 Her name (be) is Hang

3 Is (be) she 39 years old?

4 She (be not) isn’t a doctor

5.They (be not) are not her father and mother

6 The doctors (be not) are not in the room

7 Their classroom (be not) is not on the fourth floor

8 Hung’s house (be not) is not on Tran Phu street

9 Are (be) they actors?

10 Is (your father) tall?

II Hoàn thành các câu sau:

1) Tom doesn’t collect stamps (not collect)

2) You don’t sing songs in the bathroom (not sing)

3) Julie doesn’t work in the garden (not work)

4) I don’t stay at home ( not stay)

5) Tina and Kate don’t open the windows (not open)

6) Adam doesn’t speak French (not speak)

7) His sister doesn’t like lemonade (not like)

8) We don’t listen to music (not listen)

9) My father doesn’t clean the car every Saturday (not clean)

10) Johnny and Danny don’t swim in the lake (not swim)

III Hoàn thành các câu sau bằng cách khoanh tròn đáp án đúng nhất:

1) I don’t stay/doesn’t stay at home.

2) We don’t wash/doesn’t wash the family car.

3) Doris don’t do/doesn’t do her homework.

4) They don’t go/doesn’t go to bed at 8.30 pm.

5) Kevin don’t open/doesn’t open his workbook.

6) Our hamster don’t eat/doesn’t eat apples.

7) You don’t chat/doesn’t chat with your friends.

8) She don’t use/doesn’t use a ruler.

9) Max, Frank and Steve don’t skate/doesn’t skate in the yard.

10) The boy don’t throw/doesn’t throw stones.

IV Điền trợ động từ ở dạng phủ định.

1 I don’t like tea.

2 He doesn’t play football in the afternoon.

3 You don't go to bed at midnight.

4 They don’t do the homework on weekends.

5 The bus doesn’t.arrive at 8.30 a.m.

6 My brother doesn’t.finish work at 8 p.m.

7 Our friends don’t.live in a big house.

8 The cat doesn’t like me.

V Hoàn thành các câu sau: (Chuyển sang câu phủ định)

1) They play volleyball every week - They don’t play volleyball every week 2) John is nice - John is not nice.

3) This car makes a lot of noise - This car doesn't make a lot of noise 4) I like computer games - I don’t like computer games.

5) We are from Greece - We are not from Greece.

6) You wear pullovers - You don’t wear pullovers.

7) They speak English - They don’t speak English.

8) He watches TV - He doesn’t watch TV.

9) I am from Spain - I am not from Spain.

10) Steve draws nice pictures – Steve doesn’t draw nice pictures.

VI Chọn dạng đúng của từ.

1 Police catch/ catches robbers.

2 My dad is a driver He always wear/ wears a white coat.

3 They never drink/ drinks beer.

4 Lucy go/ goes window-shopping seven times a month.

5 She have/ has a pen.

6 Mary and Marcus eat out/ eats out everyday.

7 Mark usually watch/ watches TV before going to bed.

8 Maria is a teacher She teach/ teaches students.

VII Điền dạng đúng của từ trong ngoặc.

1 She (not study) doesn’t study on Saturday.

2 He (have) has a new haircut today.

3 I usually (have) have breakfast at 6.30.

4 Peter (not/ study) doesn’t study very hard He never gets high scores.

5 My mother often (teach) teaches me English on Saturday evenings.

6 I like Math and she (like) likes.Literature.

7 My sister (wash) washes the dishes every day.

8 They (not/ have) don’t have breakfast every morning.

VIII Hoàn thành các câu sau: (Chuyển sang câu nghi vấn dạng YES/ NO)

1) She feeds the animals Does she feed the animals?

3) Sandy does the housework every Thursday Does Sandy do the housework every Thursday? 4) The boys have two rabbits Do the boys have two rabbits?

5) Simon can read English books Can Simon read English books?

6) He listens to the radio every evening Does he listen to the radio every evening?

7) Anne is the best singer of our school Is Anne the best singer of our school? 8) The children are at home Are the children at home?

9) The dog runs after the cat Does the dog run after the cat? 10) Lessons always finish at 3 o'clock Do lessons always finish at 3 o'clock?

IX Hoàn thành các câu hỏi sau:

Ex: (where / you / go to school?)

Where do you go to school?

1 (what / you / do?)

what do you do?

2 (where / John / come from?)

where does John come from?

3 (how long / it / take from London to Paris?)

How long does it take from London to Paris?

4 (how often / she / go to the cinema?)

how often does she go to the cinema?

5 (how many children / you / have?)

how many children do you have?

6 (when / you / get up?)

when do you get up?

7 (how often / you / study English?)

how often do you study English?

8 (what time / the film / start?)

what time does the film start?

9 (where / you / play tennis?)

where do you play tennis?

10 (what sports / Lucy / like?)

what sports does Lucy like?

11 (how / they / get to work?)

how do they get to work?

12 (how often / I / come here?)

how often do I come here?

13 (where / she / live?)

where does she live?

14 (why / you / eat so much chocolate?)

why do you eat so much chocolate?

15 (what / this machine / do?)

what does this machine do?

16 (who / she / meet on Saturdays?)

who does she meet on Saturdays?

17 (how many brothers / she / have?)

how many brothers does she have?

18 (how much / this / cost?)

how much does this cost?

19 (where / you / eat lunch?)

where do you eat lunch?

X Hoàn thành các câu hỏi sau:

Ex Where / John?

Where is John?

Why / they / hungry?

Why are they hungry?

1 Where / we? where is he?

2 Who / you? who are you?

3 Why / he / late? why is he late?

4 What / this? what is this?

5 Where / Jimmy ? where is Jimmy?

6 How old / she ? how old is she?

7 How / you ? how are you?

8 Where / the station? where is the station?

9 What time / it now? what time is it now?

10 Where / Pedro / from? where is Pedro from?

11 Why / they / in the kitchen? why are they in the kitchen?

12 How / the food? how is the food?

13 How long / the journey? how long is the journey?

14 How old / you ? how old are you?

15 Why / I / here? why am I here?

16 What time / the concert? what time is the concert?

17 Where / she? where is she?

18 Who / Julie / with? who is Julie with?