You surely can't deny the FOR VERBS FOLLOWED BY THAT-CLAUSES AND ADJECTIVES, CEE SECTION 2.. FOR VERBS USED WlTH PREPOSITIONAL AND ADVERBIAL PHRASES, CEE SECTION 3... With some verbs, we
Trang 1Verb complementation 1
1 Write a new sentence as similar as possible in
meaning to the original sentence, but using the
word given The word must not be altered in
any way
EXAMPLE: When the gun went off accidentally, the
bullet went through his foot shot
The gun went off accidentally and he shot himseif i n
the foot
a They got on with preparing the house for the
visitors
busied
b The director is always extremely proud that he
takes time to listen to his employees' complaints
prides
c If you don't want to join in, that's fine by us
suit
d You don't have to make a definite decision yet:
think about it for a bit
commit
e She stood up as straight as she could and looked
down on us with contempt
d rew
FOR REFLEXIVE AND RECIPROCAL VERBS, CEE SECTION 1
2 Finish each of the sentences in such a way that it
is as similar as possible to the sentence printed
before it
EXAMPLE: I wanted to climb to the top of the tower
but the authorities refused
I requested the authorities that I be allowed t o climb
t o the top of the tower but they refused
a The only possible cause of her illness was felt t o
be overwork
It was concluded
b I tried t o find out the method they used to achieve
such a fine polish
I asked
c My intention was that the party should remain a
surprise until the last moment
I meant the party
d My great uncle was found to be of African descent
It was found
e They knew exactly what they were doing and that
is surely undeniable
You surely can't deny the
FOR VERBS FOLLOWED BY THAT-CLAUSES AND ADJECTIVES, CEE SECTION 2
3 Write a new sentence as similar as possible in meaning to the original sentence, but using the word given The word must not be altered in any way
a Nobody noticed the contribution the stage hands made to the production
went
b I'II go mad if that noise goes on much longer
drive
c Personally, I think his refusal t o co-operate amounts to a breach of contract
constitutes
d He wasn't hurt at al1 in the accident
emerged
e I don't like to see so much machinery not working because of the recession
standing
FOR VERBS FOLLOWED BY DESCRIBING NOUNS
OR ADJECTIVES, CEE SECTION 2
4 Fill each of the numbered blanks in the following passage with one suitable word
I dumped my bag ( 1 ) the floor and sat down (2) the table The work was going quite (3) but we al1 realised we would have to pul1 (4) as a group and stop al1 the arguments if
we were going to find a (5) out of this mess
FOR VERBS USED WlTH PREPOSITIONAL AND ADVERBIAL PHRASES, CEE SECTION 3
Trang 2OVERVIEW
Transitive verbs must be followed by an object The
object is usually the thing or person affected by the
action We can use intransitive verbs without an
object:
X
-J D o m i n i c kicked the ball W h e n hefellflat on his
back, I laughed
Here are more examples:
I think we ought to Does the Loch Ness
discuss this matter as monster really exist?
soon as posible, don't
y ou ?
Can't you control yourself I should sleep well tonight,
just for five minutes? after al1 that exercise
You really can't expect The man is believed to
him to stay silent for the have disappeared shortly
whole trial after leaving the night club
We can use some verbs both transitively and
intransitively, sometimes with different meanings
After the match, he went He walked backfrom the
home and walked the dog penalty spot looking
sheepish
You're not really going to After checking al1 the doors
leave that mess al1 over had been locked, he turned
thefloor, are you? and lefi
As well as using nouns and pronouns as the object
of transitive verbs, we can use noun clauses (see
Unit 10):
I knew what he was going to say
I think that it's a waste of time
Some transitive verbs can have two objects, the
first of which is usually a personal object:
Harry gave me a cal[ later that evening
Pass me the salt, would you?
I ofered him what he had asked for but he didn't
hear me
With some verbs, we can use either two objects or
an object + prepositional phrase:
1 sent you the package I've sent the package to you
With other verbs, e.g explain, report, describe, we can only use object + prepositional phrase:
x -.
J He explained the procedure to me
We can follow some intransitive verbs with prepositional phrases or words referring to place
or time:
It occurs to me that m y licence is due for renewal soon
I used to live here
They're coming tomorrow, or so they say
We can follow link verbs, e.g seem, sound and be,
with adjectives and noun phrases:
I must say Ifeel a little nervous about the concert
this evening
I'mfrankly astonished that someone so mediocre can
end up as President
The whole thing seerns a waste of time to me
Jones Iobbed the ball high and Vassily fe\\ ba~rwarde
Vassily walred b a c ~ t o the baseline '1 should win
this game easily,' Jones ttiough
'I'm a Iittle nervous but if I con~entrate, 1'11 win.'
Vassily said t o himself He won the match
Trang 35 VERBS NOT USED REFLEXIVELY
SECTION 1
Reflexive and reciprocal verbs
We can use most transitive verbs with reflexive
pronouns (himself; ourselves, etc.) when the meaning is
appropriate:
The driver blamed himself for the accident
The escaped prisoner turned himself in to the police
Behave is normally intransitive but we can use it
transitively with reflexive pronouns:
The boys behaved themselves very well
A very few verbs are always followed by reflexive
pronouns:
He busied himselfcleaning the room
You'll have to content yourself with second place
They prided themselves on their performance
They availed themselves of thefree cofee
The following examples show verbs, including phrasal
verbs, that we commonly use with reflexive pronouns:
He proved himselfto be unreliable Don't kid yourselj
he's completely untrustworthy Pul1 yourself together!
lfyou don't stop working for a bit you'll wear yourself
out
Other verbs that we commonly use reflexively
include:
assert distinguish commit exert repeat suit
USED REFLEXIVELY
A few verbs change their meanings when used with
reflexive pronouns:
Meaning 1
Bach composed an
enormous amount
of music
Can you explain what
you mean?
Have you applied for
the job yet?
They expressed their
disapproval
Meaning 2
The witness took a deep breath and composed himself:
1 think you need to explain yourself:
You'll have to apply yourselfto the work more
Doesn't he express himselfwell!
Do you enjoy watching Did you enjoy yourselflast
Some verbs are commonly reflexive in some languages but are generally used intransitively in English:
He got up, washed and shaved
We may use these verbs reflexively for emphasis:
He got up and washed himselfand got dressed
Other verbs we use in this way include:
adapt dress undress hide
We use some verbs that involve two or more participants (crash, marry) intransitively when it's clear
who the participants are In many other languages these verbs have an object or reflexive pronoun:
We disagreed, we fought, then we kissed and made up
Here are more examples of verbs we use this way:
embrace argue touch fa11 out compete meet chat negotiate quarrel haggle divorce split up talk collide shake hands
We sometimes use with each other with some of
these verbs for emphasis or to make the meaning clear, but it isn't grammatically necessary:
We disagreed (with each other)
With other verbs, we must always use a prepositional phrase:
d 1 didn't see her coming and we bumped into each other
Three of the following sentences are correct Put a %
next to the one that is incorrect and a ? next to the one that sounds unnatural
a The whole platoon distinguished themselves in the skirmish
b 1 was so exhausted 1 just undressed myself and fe11 into bed
c 1 think the referee behaved in the only way possible and showed him a red card
d The French team asserted themselves early in the match
e She prides on her cooking
Trang 4O Rewnte each of the following sentences using one of the verbs
listed reflexively (in an appropriate form)
Example: O Do as you please Suit your5e!f
repeat distance assert exert draw up blame busy pride (suit)
a He took full responsibilicy for the contract being lost
b He got on with various mundane tasks
c She was very proud of her reputation as an old dragon
d He keeps saying the same thing al1 the time
e If you want to run 400 metres in under 48 seconds, you'll have to
make more of an effort
f She stood as tal1 as she could in order to intimidate him
g You really ought to be more forceful in situations like that
h They claimed the project's failure was nothing to do with them
@ Arrange these instructions into sensible pairs according to
meaning
Example: Don't demean yourself - Assert yourself more
(Don't demean yourself.) Give yourself a break
Don't belittle yourself Stop deluding yourself
Be yourself Get a grip of yourself
Stop kidding yourself Don't put yourself down so much
Don't push yourself so hard Don't get yourself worked up
Pul1 yourself together (Assert yourself more.)
@ Fill each of the numbered gaps with one of the verbs listed
position ask let be make te11 allow look rate control blame
distinguish limit put
You must ( 1 ) yourself that you are a winner Don't (2) yourself
get dragged down by self-pity (3) yourself in front of a mirror and
(4) yourself in the eye Don't (5) too hard on yourself, don't
(6) yourself for things that have gone wrong, but at the same time,
don't (7) yourself to be carried away; keep your feet on the ground
(8) yourself why you don't exactly (9) yourself in class If you
feel you're getting angry, (1 0) yourself Never ( 1 1 ) yourself
down, but at the carne time don't (1 2) yourself above the others As
for exercise, (1 3) yourself to a couple of sessions in the gyrn every
week and you won't (14) yourself ill, 1 promise you
Summarise each of the following situations using one of the verbs listed
Example: Her lips met mine and mine met hers
We kissed
split up (kiss) make up embrace collide fight marry
a She was coming from the left 1 was coming from the right Bang!
b She held me 1 held her
c She threw a cup at me; 1 grabbed her arm
d She sent me an 'I'm sorry' card; 1 sent her flowers
e She said '1 do' in 1992; 1 said '1
do' too
f She said, 'You go your way and 1'11 go mine,' in 1998; 1 said 'OK'
@ For each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as similar as possible in meaning to the original sentence, but using the word given This word must not be altered in any way
a 1 couldn't face telling her what had really happened
bnng
b Of course most heating systems come on and off automatically nowadays
switch
c 1 simply lost al1 self-control when
1 saw them together
contain
d It's very difficult to put together
a convincing defence against such allegations
yourself
e You can al1 of you take what you want from the fruit in that box help
f I'm so annoyed
kick
Trang 5SECTION 2
Verbs followed by that-clauses and
adjectives
Many verbs can be followed by a that-clause (see Unit
lo), especially report verbs and verbs referring to
mental processes such as thinking, feeling, realising:
I've decided that I'm going awayfor the weekend
Here are more examples of verbs we can use in
this way:
comment say forecast request write warn
assume consider infer conclude reckon
recognise presume
the fact that
We can use the phrase the fact that with some of these
verbs for additional emphasis:
1 recognise the fact that she can't help it
Some transitive verbs can't be followed by a that-
clause alone but only by thefact that:
We cannot ignore the fact that she lied to us
Other examples include:
quote can't bear / stand enjoy express
investigate leave out face
THAT-CLAUSE OR TO-INFINITIVE
We can use a that-clause or to-infinitive after some of
these verbs (agree, hope, pretend, forget, etc.) with
practically no difference in meaning:
He agreed to come He agreed that he would come
1 promise to remember 1 promise that I'll remember
A few verbs can be followed by an object + to-
infinitive (usually to be) This is usually more formal
than the alternative that-clause:
I recognise her to be one 1 recognise that she is one
of our best players of our best players
1 know him to be 1 know that he is
scrupulously honest scrupulously honest
They estimated costs to They estimated that costs
be in the region of £1m were in the region of £1m
Other examples include:
announce confirm discover pronounce feel
wh-clauses
Many verbs commonly followed by a that-clause can also be followed by a wh-clause:
1 didn't know what to do
I can't imagine why they did that
They are sometimes reported questions:
He asked what I was doing
2 VERBS FOLLOWED BY DESCRIBING NOUNS
OR ADJECTIVES
Some verbs are followed by nouns or adjectives that describe the subject Verbs used in this way include those connected with appearance and the senses (appear, look, sound, seem, etc.) and those connected with change (become, remain, grow, turn, etc.):
My father remained a member of the society even afier
they criticised his behavioul:
Other verbs (prove, appear, seem, etc.) are followed
by an adjective or to be + adjective:
The plan proved (to be) unworkable
Some verbs (make, constitute, form, comprise, etc.) are followed by describing noun phrases:
You'll make a rotten teacher - you've no patience This represents a considerable increase in our profits
Some verbs are followed by object + complement
We use most of these verbs in a limited range of collocations:
The jury found him guilty of arson
He knocked him unconscious in the third round
You're dt-iving me crazy!
1 hold you responsiblefor the damage
1 want him caught as soon as possible
A few intransitive verbs can also be followed by adjectives:
lie empty /awake / helpless etc
stand motionless /erect / f i r m /proud / idle etc sit quiet /silent /still etc
die young / happy / intestate etc
escape unharmed etc
pass unnoticed / undetected etc
emerge unscathed / uninjured etc
Which points above do these examples illustrate?
a In your report you shouldn't leave out the fact that
we are grossly understaffed
b i warned you not to talk to him
c Die young, stay beautiful
d They seem to be upset for some reason
e He politely enquired where 1 got the recipe from
Trang 6O Underline every word that can complete each
of the following sentences One, two, three o r four
may be possible
i 1 the way certain birds make their way
home from miles away incredible
a think b find c consider d make
2 She that she had had enough of that kind
of life
a expressed b ignored c concluded
d recognised
3 1 that she wasn't totally honest with us
a reckon b can't bear c question d couldn't
stand
4 We that you intend to give less than the
statutory period of notice
a conclude b infer c assume d estimate
5 1 think his presence in the side will a big
difference
a have b do c become d make
6 They him guilty of grievous bodily harm
a said b found c told d charged
7 Al1 of a sudden he went
a blind b deaf c mad d crazy
8 Perhaps in the end it was best that he died
a suddenly b young c intestate d happily
9 Your presence here is me nervous
a getting b turning c making d having
10 Everyone fe11 when the prince came in
a silent b quiet c asleep d over
1 1 You do to have coped extraordinarily well
a seem b feel c appear d sound
12 It is a fact that this kind of snakebite rarely
fatal
a proves b emerges c grows d turns
A judge gives guidance t o the jury Combine
the pairs of sentences to make one that includes
the prompt words given
Example: He's only fourteen Bear that in mind
should / borne
The fact that he's only fourteen should be borne in
mind
a Maybe he didn't do it alone Don't rule it out
possibility / that
b He's never had a real father Please consider that
The / consideration
c He's had fifteen different homes Don't overlook
that
fact / overlooked
VERBS FOLLOWED BY THAT-CLAUSES A N D ADJECTIVES
41
d He's of roya1 blood 1 know that's not important, but al1 the same
It / importance
e People estimate his fortune as something in excess
of $2 billion
estimated / more
O Underline every word or phrase that can complete each of the following sentences
1 1 consider this candidate
a unsuitable b a liability c to be the best
d as a risk
2 1 felt
a a fool b like a stranger c odd d as you did
e strangely f out of place
3 You sound
a like a foghorn b as if you agree c happy
d to be O K e as a foreigner
4 He turned
a blue b into a frog c me a socialist
d me into a nervous wreck e me down
5 She went
a blind b red c an idiot d like a fool
e unnoticed f empty-handed
6 He died
a happy b suddenly c unexpected
d a happy man e in his sleep
7 Just hold
a on b conscious c me tight d responsible
e tight f silent
8 He proved
a capable b a capable replacement
c that he was capable d to be capable
9 You make
a a terrible baby-sitter b like a fool c me laugh
d me to make mistakes e me nervous
f her afraid g me awake h everything al1 right
10 We agreed
a to go b with them c that they were right
d them right e to him coming f to the contract
g on the price h the fact that it was cheap
i about most things
Trang 7SECTION 3
Verbs used with prepositional and
adverbial phrases
Most verbs of movement are commonly followed by
a prepositional phrase or an adverbial phrase:
The van skidded into the back of the car infront
The rescue workers hurried tuwards the scene of the
acciden t
The smell ofsomething wond@l wafted through from
the kitchen
Other verbs we use in this way include:
drip pour speed slide stagger pull in set off
leap storm bound turn arrive post burst
limp race shufle
We use home as an adverb after verbs of
movement We don't use a preposition:
J I'm going home as soon as we'vefinished
-
Some verbs which indicate the position of things are
commonly followed by a prepositional phrase or an
adverbial phrase:
I grabbed m y coat which was hanging behind the door
W e al1 sat at our desks and stared out of the winduw
The sandy beach stretches for miles along this part of
the coast
His land extends as far as the eye can see
She turned his chair so i t faced tuwards the sea
Other verbs we use in this way include:
remain end up occur stay settle stick
ADVERBIAL PHRASE
With some verbs, the prepositional or adverbial
phrase commonly follows an object:
I picked u p the picture and replaced i t on the table
You need to plunge the tomatoes into boiling water to
help remove their skins
Pop the pies into the ovenforfive minutes to heat
them through
Other verbs we use in this way include:
screw position load lean dump stuff thrust toss luwer transfer drag invite urge tempt force steer
Some verbs are commonly followed by an adverb describing a particular quality:
The car handles particularly well on corners
Christoula's English is coming along nicely
You'llfind the section you need breaks off easily
Other verbs we use in this way include:
begin end se11 progress dress react behave eat go burn scratch cut do
A small group of verbs is commonly followed by
together:
W e must al1 stick together ifwe're going to survive
Verbs we use in this way include:
pull get knock around move in club live
Some verbs are commonly followed by a possessive pronoun + w a y + prepositional / adverbial phrase:
Spiderman managed to smash his way into the robbers' hideaway
The advance guard slowly crawled their way across no-man's-land
Other verbs we use in this way include:
fight force blast dig find make edge inch squeeze worm charm talk cheat trick buy lie negotiate
Match each of these sentences with one of the five main points above
a We were wandering around in circles for most of the afternoon, trying to fmd the house
b 1 can't believe you've just munched your way through a whole packet of biscuits
c William is faring quite well after his illness, though
he still tires easily
d If i were you, I'd shove the whole lot into the back
of the cupboard and forget about it
e The signpost pointed south, which was unexpected
Trang 8O A prison escape and each prisoner chose a
different escape route Write the letter for the
appropriate verb (a-k) in the numbered blanks
(1-10) in the passage The first (O) is given as an
example
b leapt h strolled across
c ambled through i crept
d burrowed j got on
f crawled
One prisoner 9 (0) over the wall and (1) on
to the ground below Another (2) along the
length of the prison wall and (3) into the river
below A third man (4) a tunnel under the wall
of his cell and (5) his way out of the prison
The fourth prisoner (6) up to the wire fence at
the back and (7) through a hole in it The last
man to escape simply (8) the gate, (9) the
road and (10) a bus
Fill each of the blanks with one of the verb +
adverb collocations listed You may need to change
the form of the verb
Example: x srniled sweetly* y record3 clearly
(smile sweetly) eat healthily run smoothly
fall dramatically crease easily react badly behave badly
rise steadily (record clearly) start promptly
(x She simply and left the room.)
(y Her voice always remarkably )
a This silk dress very
b 1 regret to say that orders over the past few
months
c Unfortunately he to not getting the job Iast
week
d More and more pressure is being put on people to
@ Fill each of the blanks with one of the verbs listed You may need to change the form of the verb
worm find inch fight dig smash work lie
a She rapidly her way up from Junior Assistant
to Head of Department
b The couple were able to their way back to their hotel with the help of the new moon
c The doctor his way most convincingly out of
a potentially embarrassing situation
d He cleverly his way into Sonia's affections with mock-humility and subtle flattery
e The gang their way out of the gaol using wooden poles stolen from the workshop
f The fire officer his way along the ledge until
he could just touch the girl's outstretched hand
g From 2-0 down, United bravely themselves out of a hole and emerged 2-3 winners
h The following week they their way back from 3-0 to earn a well-deserved draw
@ Two of these verbs or verb phrases can fill each numbered blank in the passage Write the two letters (a-r) for them in each space
a ends g extends m stretches
b racing h stay n flooding
c meet i begins o racing in my direction
d don't die j stops p running towards me
e facing the k remain q looking out to
f starts 1 live on r converge
There is a point on the shore where paths seem to (1) , where the land (2) and the sea ( 3 ) The beach (4) for miles on either side 1 stood there last night (5) sea and al1 those memories came (6) back For a moment 1 saw her (7) The memories (8) Such events (9) with you forever, don't they?
e We want the festival to through the whoIe
weekend
f We mustn't get carried away yet but exports
g Fans who are something of a problem
h Lessons will at 8.30 a.m
Trang 9Unit fourteen
Vocabulary
SECTION 4
Dependent prepositions and
prepositional p hrases
As well as verbs of movement and place followed by
prepositional phrases (see Section 3), we can use verb
+ preposition combinations:
T h e f i l m consists of nothing but car chases
Given the choice, 1'11 always opt for the cash prize
Sometimes, the verb and preposition are separated
by an object:
He played o f l o n e side against the other and lost
They subjected him tofierce interrogation
It is primarily its greater size which distinguishes the
raven from the common crow
Very often, verbs with related meanings are
followed by the same preposition Here is an
example of such a group:
ask for appeal for hope for long for yearn for
However, some verbs with similar meanings have
different prepositions:
accuse someone of blame someone for
i Fill these gaps with a suitable preposition
a Few men escaped / emerged / ran away /
vanished the prison cells
b I'd like to swap / exchange / substitute / trade
this computer a more recent model
Some adjectives are commonly followed by
collocating prepositions (see Unit 2, Section 1.4) As
with verb + preposition, the verbs can have related
meanings:
similar to related to characteristic of typical of
responsible for sorry for fraught with riddled with
deficient in lacking in upset about annoyed about
2 Choose the most suitable preposition to
complete these sentences:
a 1s the program compatible your computer?
b As a musicologist, he is completely steeped
the music of that period
Some nouns are commonly followed by collocating prepositions:
a prelude to a seque1 to a taste for a craving for
an attack on a relationship with insurance against
a safeguard against an extractfrom
3 Choose the most suitable preposition to complete these sentences:
a We eventually gained access his computer files
b I've just had a blazing row my line manager
Prepositional phrases usually begin with a preposition which may not be connected with the preceding noun, verb or adjective:
1 arrived at the checkout out of breath
I f i n d his arrogance beyond belieJ
Their luggage arrived in advance
Please go to Gate 11 without delay
4 Choose the most suitable preposition to complete these sentences:
a The driver of the van was found to be fault
b Some people appear to be the mistaken impression that Scotland is part of England
O Link the openings of the sentences (1-10) with their endings on the right (a-j)
Example: O k
(O 1 think you should a with danger
apologise) b in adequately trained
1 1 can't suppress my staff
craving c at 344.7 to the dollar
2 Have you heard d to endless bullying as
3 I'm afraid 1 completely a child
disagree e in persuading me to
4 We are alarmingly go with them
deficient f with you about that
5 1 just think the whole g of such boys
situation is fraught h about Jeremy's new
6 I'm afraid this is typical job?
7 They eventually i for a bar of
8 The exchange rate now j for this type of
9 I'm really getting a taste (k for your behaviour
10 He was subjected last night.)
Trang 10Match each group of verbs (a-j) with one of
these dependent prepositions Each preposition
matches with two groups
about against in over of
demonstrate trust
c delight revel succeed exult bask
f rule prevail preside triumph argue
compete
campaign
@ Which two of the groups above (a-j) are
commonly used in either the passive o r with an
object?
@ Fill each of the blanks with a suitable adjective
from the list
devoid prone incumbent impervious conducive
inherent intent reminiscent inclined conversant
1 feel it is upon me, as director, to inform
you of the company's financia1 difficulties
My mother used to be to sudden fainting
fits for no apparent reason
The animals seemed on causing as much
damage as possible
My sister appears of even the most basic
comrnon sense sometimes
My attempts at drawing are of those of an
angry child
1 am more and more towards the idea of
retiring early
There is a fundamental flaw in what you
propose and so it won't work
You seem to be to any criticism
1 don't think the current clirnate is to rnuch
investment
I'm not fully with the rules of basketball
Use a suitable word t o complete prepositional phrases in these sentences
a 1 think that al1 likelihood this car's had it
b an extraordinary coincidence, we bumped into each other again in Patras
c You must get that application off delay
d Their recording of the late Beethoven quartets is really something of the ordinary
e Do you realise that the new legislation you could be arrested for doing that?
f Let's not discuss pay differentials again, at least not the time being
g The media seem to have blown the whole story
up of al1 proportion
h 1 reckon George was the verge of tears when he realised his job was the line
i This film was produced collaboration the Arts Council
j They've forgotten to include my name again: it's a case of of sight, of mind
1 1 really can't believe that anyone would to such underhand tactics
a dabble b stoop c reach d conceive
2 The crowds al1 towards the stadium as the time for kick off drew closer
a gravitated b entered c embarked d aspired
3 The whole situation has now deteriorated to the point where it is beyond a
a control b joke c belief d help
4 The team were in remarkably high despite the appalling weather
a shape b standards c spirits d terms
5 I've never had much of a(n) for languages, unfortunately
a capability b tendency c ability d aptitude
6 It occurs to me that we need to make sure there are against potential abuse of the system
a preventions b provisions c safeguards
d curbs
7 1 think we should be of the potential implications of building on such a sensitive site
a conversant b mindful c answerable
d attuned
8 Your participation is to the success of the whole project
a dependent b indicative c desirous d integral
O Underline the word o r phrase that best completes each sentence