MỘT số PHƯƠNG PHÁP GIÚP học SINH làm DẠNG bài tập PHÁT HIỆN lỗi SAI TRONG câu TIẾNG ANH

Ngoại ngữ nói chung và Tiếng Anh nói riêng đã, đang và sẽ trở thành một môn văn hóa cơ bản trong chương trình giáo dục phổ thông. Đồng thời việc giảng dạy ngoại ngữ Tiếng Anh cũng đang được các nhà trường, các nhà giáo dục, nhiều dự án giáo dục và đông đảo giáo viên quan tâm và đưa ra nhiều phương pháp dạy học thích hợp. Trong chương trình Tiếng Anh THPT, dạng bài tập xác định lỗi sai trong câu cho sẵn luôn xuất hiện trong các kì thi THPTQG và thi học sinh giỏi. Hơn nữa, trường chúng tôi là một trường không thuộc địa phận thành phố, cùng với sự thiếu thốn về các trang thiết bị trong giảng dạy nên học sinh của trường ít nhiều cũng không có đủ điều kiện học tập như các trường ngoài thị xã. Do đó, khả năng tiếp thu kiến thức cũng có phần hạn chế. Với môn tiếng Anh các em lại gặp nhiều khó khăn hơn và không ít học sinh cũng gặp khó khăn khi giải quyết dạng bài tập tìm lỗi sai này. Nhằm giúp các em nắm vững kiến thức, kỹ năng làm bài tập tốt với dạng phát hiện lỗi sai trong câu tiếng anh, chúng tôi đã mạnh dạn nghiên cứu một số giải pháp giúp đỡ các em, do đó chúng tôi đã chọn đề tài cho chuyên đề bổi dưỡng của mình là “Một số phương pháp giúp học sinh làm dạng bài tập phát hiện lỗi sai trong câu Tiếng Anh”.

CHUYÊN ĐỀ BỒI DƯỠNG ÔN THI THPT QUỐC GIA

MÔN: TIẾNG ANH

CHUYÊN ĐỀ: MỘT SỐ PHƯƠNG PHÁP GIÚP HỌC SINH LÀM DẠNG

BÀI TẬP PHÁT HIỆN LỖI SAI TRONG CÂU TIẾNG ANH

A PHẦN MỞ ĐẦU\

I LÝ DO CHỌN CHUYÊN ĐỀ BỒI DƯỠNG:

Ngoại ngữ nói chung và Tiếng Anh nói riêng đã, đang và sẽ trở thành một mônvăn hóa cơ bản trong chương trình giáo dục phổ thông Đồng thời việc giảng dạy ngoạingữ - Tiếng Anh cũng đang được các nhà trường, các nhà giáo dục, nhiều dự án giáodục và đông đảo giáo viên quan tâm và đưa ra nhiều phương pháp dạy học thích hợp.Trong chương trình Tiếng Anh THPT, dạng bài tập xác định lỗi sai trong câu cho sẵnluôn xuất hiện trong các kì thi THPTQG và thi học sinh giỏi

Hơn nữa, trường chúng tôi là một trường không thuộc địa phận thành phố, cùngvới sự thiếu thốn về các trang thiết bị trong giảng dạy nên học sinh của trường ít nhiềucũng không có đủ điều kiện học tập như các trường ngoài thị xã Do đó, khả năng tiếpthu kiến thức cũng có phần hạn chế Với môn tiếng Anh các em lại gặp nhiều khó khănhơn và không ít học sinh cũng gặp khó khăn khi giải quyết dạng bài tập tìm lỗi sai này.Nhằm giúp các em nắm vững kiến thức, kỹ năng làm bài tập tốt với dạng phát hiện lỗisai trong câu tiếng anh, chúng tôi đã mạnh dạn nghiên cứu một số giải pháp giúp đỡ

các em, do đó chúng tôi đã chọn đề tài cho chuyên đề bổi dưỡng của mình là “Một số phương pháp giúp học sinh làm dạng bài tập phát hiện lỗi sai trong câu Tiếng Anh”.

II PHẠM VI NGHIÊN CỨU:

1 Đối tượng học sinh bồi dưỡng:

Các em học sinh lớp 11A1, 11A6, 11A8 trường THPT …………

2 Thời lượng giảng dạy:

2 buổi học chuyên đề – tương đương 6 tiết học

3 Vấn đề nghiên cứu:

Các vấn đề có liên quan đến phương pháp phát hiện lỗi sai trong câu tiếng anh như là “errors with word forms, errors in word choice, errors with verbs, errors with parallelstructures, … ”

B PHẦN NỘI DUNG

I CƠ SỞ LÝ LUẬN:

Chuyên đề mà chúng tôi nghiên cứu liên quan đến một vấn đề mà hầu hết các emhọc sinh khi học tiếng Anh cũng đều than phiền là hay nhầm lẫn đôi khi là không thểxác định được lỗi sai trong câu đã đưa ra Nhiều học sinh không làm được bài tậpnguyên nhân xuất phát từ việc các em không nhận biết được các dạng lỗi sai thươnggặp trong câu cho sẵn

Nếu thực hiện tốt các vấn đề được nêu ra trong chuyên đề các em học sinh sẽ họctốt hơn bộ môn, các em dễ dàng tiếp thu các kiến thức tiếng Anh cơ bản và đồng thờigiúp các em làm bài kiểm tra 1 tiết và học kì cũng như các bài thi khác hiệu quả hơn

7 At the end, everybody cleaned up the whole room, that I hadn't expected before

12 The crime rate in this city has increased from ten per cent last year to thirty per

C D

19 No longer do housewives have to clean the house every day because they get it

A B C done for robotic vacuum cleaners

D

20 The owners of modern manufacturing plants had workers doing heavy and

A B repetitive tasks replacing, by robots

III GIẢI QUYẾT VẤN ĐỀ:

1 ERRORS WITH WORD FORMS

a Adjective/adverb errors

The most common type of word form problem involves the use of an adverb in place

of an adjective or an adjective in place of an adverb A few points to keep in mind:+Adjectives modify nouns, noun phrases, pronouns They often come before nouns,follow “to be” and other linking verbs

+Adverbs modify verbs, participles, adjectives, prepositions, and other adverbs.They are often formed by adding the suffix “ly” to an adjective

E.g: The Black Hills of South Dakota are covered with densely pine forest

A B C D

→ The answer is D

An Adjective “dense” need to use replaced for Adverb “densely “

b Incorrect forms of words connected with certain fields.

This error involves a confusion between the names of fields and the names of a personwho practices in that field or between one of those terms and the adjective thatdescribes the field

E.g: First specializing in industrial photography, Margaret Bourke- White later

A B

became a famous news photographer and editorial

C D

→ The answer is D

A noun referring to a person is needed here

EXERCISE: Choose the underlined part A, B, C or D that needs correction in each

of the following questions.

1 Liberal arts colleges cultivate general intellectually abilities rather than technical or

5 Unlike folk dancers, which are the product of a single culture, ballet is an

A B C international art form

2 ERRORS IN WORD CHOICE

a Wrong choice of MAKE or DO

The verb to do is often used in place of to make, and to make in place of to do

*Common Expressions with MAKE

* Common Expressions with DO.

b Wrong choice of LIKE or ALIKE and LIKE or AS

A is like B………

E.g: Birds are like mammals in that they are both warm- blooded

A and B are alike………

E.g: Birds and mammals are alike in that they are both worm- blooded

c Wrong choice of SO, SUCH, TOO, AS

+ So + Adjective that + clause

So many/ much + N + that + clause

E.g: These boxes are so heavy that we can’t lift them

There are so many people in the auditorium that we could barely get in the frontdoor

+ Such +Adjective + N + that + clause

E.g: It was such a pretty view that he took a photograph

+ Too + adjective + infinitive

E.g: It’s too cold to go swimming today

d Wrong choice of ANOTHER or OTHER

- Used as an adjective :Another + singular noun while other + plural nouns

-Used as a pronoun: Other is preceded by determiner such as the/ some/ any/ one/ no

E.g:

1 There are other matters I’d like to discuss with you

2 One of the books was a novel; the other was a collection of essays

e Wrong choice of BECAUSE or BECAUSE OF; INSPITE OF/ DESPITE/ ALTHOUGH; DURING or WHEN /WHILE

+ Because + clause – because of + Noun/ Noun phrase/ Gerund

E.g: Because it rained heavily, he didn’t go to class

Because of the heavy rain, he didn’t go to class

+Although + clause – In spite of/ despite + Noun/ Noun phrase/ Gerund

E.g: Although he was ill, he still went to school

In spite of being ill, he still went to school

+During + Nouns/ Noun phrase – when/ while + clause

E.g: All the class kept quite during the lesson

When we were doing the house work, she came

f Wrong choice of MUCH or MANY and SIMILLAR EXPRESSIONS

+Many/few/a few/ fewer/ the fewest/ number + plural nouns

E.g: Many students didn’t finish the homework yesterday

+Much/ little/ a little/ less/ amount + uncountable nouns

E.g: I don’t have much money but I am happy

g Other wrong choice pairs

+ NO and NOT

No used as adjective before nouns, and expression “no longer”

E.g: There is no student in the class at this moment

Not used to make all other words negatives

E.g: I am a teacher, not him

+ MOST and ALMOST

Most used in superlative adjective; or meaning “majority”

Almost means “nearly” – almost all of…

E.g: This is the most interesting book I’ve ever read

I’ve solved almost of all problems in the book

+ TWICE and DOUBLE

Twice means “ 2 times”; double means “make twice as large”

+ EARLIEST and SOONEST

Earliest used as adjective – soonest used as adverb

+ PERCENT and PERCENTAGE

Percent used after a number but percentage not used after a number

+ ALIVE and LIVE

Alive used after a verb- live used before a noun

+ AROUND and ROUND

Around used a preposition- round used an adjective

+ AGE and OLD

Age used a noun- old used as an adjective

+ NEAR and NEARLY

Near used as an adjective- nearly used as an adverb

EXERCISE

Exercise 1: Do or Make

1 Yeast is added to dough to (do/ make) bread light and porous.

2 The helicopter can (do/ make) jobs that no other aircraft can

3 The distinction between wildflowers and weeds is one that is often difficult to (do/

make)

4 Many universities receive grants to (do/ make) research for the federal government.

5 A cottage industry is a form of manufacturing (done/ made) at home.

6 Futurologists study current trends to (do/ make) predictions about the future.

Exercise 2: Like and Alike; like and as

1 (Like / alike) starts, galaxies tend to congregate in clusters.

2 Fashion design, (as/ like) all types of design, has been greatly aides by computers.

3 A peanut is not actually a nut but a legume (alike/ like) pea and beans

4 The Stately government House in Annapolis serves (as/ like) the residential of the

governor of Mary-land

5 The cetosaur was a dinosaur that looked much (as/like) the Whale of today.

6 Fats are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and carbon atoms just (like/ as) carbon

3 ERRORS WITH VERB

a Errors in subject/verb agreement

Students should remember some rules:

-A subject is singular, verb must be singular; A subject is plural , verb must be plural.-A sentence with 2 subjects jointed by “and” takes a plural verb

E.g Mary and Tom are close friends

-Some words end in “s” but are singular form : physics; economics; news and so on.-Some irregular plurals : children; feet; mice; people; men…………

-Clause begins with “there” verb may be singular or plural

E.g: There is a boy standing over there

There are some books on the table

-Subjects with “each; every” takes singular verbs

-The verb in relative clause depends on the noun that relative pronoun refers to

E.g: The boy who is talking is my son

The men who are talking are my friends

-Phrase “the number of + plural noun” takes a singular verb; “a number of + pluralnoun” takes a plural verb

-Quantities of time, money, distance, and so on take a singular verb

-Singular subject used with “along with; with; accompanied by; together with; inaddition to” takes singular verbs

b Errors involving tenses

Students should remember the forms and uses of basic tenses

c Incorrect verb forms.

Students should remember that

- An “ing” form may be used in place of a past participle

-A past participle in place of a past tense form

-A simple form in place of an “ing” form

-An “infinitive” in place of an simple form

-Some involve irregular verbs that have different forms for the past tense and the pastparticiple

EXERCISE: Choose the underlined part A, B, C or D that needs correction in each

of the following questions.

1 Medical students must to study both the theory and practice of medicine

A B C D

2 The seal, like the sea lion and walrus , is a descendant of ancestors that once live on

A B C D the land

3 The top layer of the ocean stores as much heat as does gases in the atmosphere

4 ERRORS WITH PARALLEL STRUCTURES

Students should remember that

“These sentences most often contain a series of 3 expressions: X, Y, Z One of these expression is not grammatically parallel to the other 2 items in the series.

Structures that are often involved in parallelism are nouns, adjectives, verbs, prepositional phrases ,gerunds, and infinitives.”

-To recognize this type of mistake Ss should remember that this mistake often go with

“AND; SO; BUT; OR”

EXERCISE: Choose the underlined part A, B, C or D that needs correction in each

of the following questions.

1 The bellflower is a wildflower that grows in shady fields, in marshes, and mountain

4 Many places of history, scientific, cultural, or scenic importance have been

five years ago

7 Many people who live near the ocean depend on it as a source of food, recreation,

A B C Dgame.

11 Paper may contain vegetable, minerals, or man-made fibers

5 ERRORS WITH PRONOUNS

Pronoun errors in expression involve several types of pronouns:

+Personal pronouns (he/ she/ it/ they/I/ you/ we )

+Reflexive pronouns (himself/herself/itself/ themselves…)

+Relative pronouns (who/whose/which/ that… )

+Demonstrative pronouns (this/ that/ these/ those)

There are 4 kinds of typical mistakes related to pronouns:

+ Errors in pronoun/noun agreement

A pronoun must agree with the noun to which it refers

E.g : Jackrabbits have powerful rear legs that enable it to leap long distances

A B C D

The answer is C It must be replaced by they

+ Errors in pronoun form

These errors involve personal pronouns

E.g: Herman Melville gathered material form him novels, including Moby Dick,

A B

during his years at sea

C D

The answer is B The possessive form his, not the object form him, is required

+ Incorrect type of pronoun

In some sentences, the wrong type of pronoun is used

E.g: A barometer is a device it is used to measure atmospheric pressure

A B C D

The answer is B Which or that must be used instead of it

+ Incorrect inclusion of pronouns

This type of error occurs when a personal pronoun is used as a subject in a sentence that already has a noun subject.

E.g: Certain types of turtles that may live as long as 100 years

A B C D

The answer is B The relative pronoun that is unnecessary in this sentence

EXERCISE: Choose the underlined part A, B, C or D that needs correction in each

of the following questions.

1 A beavers uses its strong front teeth to cut down trees peel off its bark ……

A B C D

2 A caricature in which the subject’s distinctive features they are deliberately

A B C exaggerated

C D

6 In his novels, Sinclair Lewis drew critical portraits of Americans who thought of

A B C them as model citizens

D

7 Jaguars which resemble leopards but they are larger and are marked with rosettes

A B C rather than spots

3 B→ them

4 B→ uses 7 A→ resemble8 D→ those 11 A→ who12 D→ itself

6 ERRORS WITH SINGULAR AND PLURAL NOUNS

Students should remember that:

* Determiners used with singular nouns:

(a/an; one; a single; each; every; this; that)

* Determiners used with plural nouns:

(Two/ three/ four; dozen of; hundreds of; thousands of; a few of; many of; a number of; a couple of; every one of; each one of; each of; one of; these; those)

*Some common irregular plural nouns: children; men; women; feet; teeth; mice; fish…

*Errors with plural forms of non-count nouns

*Errors with plural compound nouns

*Errors involving plural forms of numbers and measurement

EXERCISE: Choose the underlined part A, B, C or D that needs correction in each

of the following questions.

1 The male mandril baboon is one of the most colorful of all mammal

Daytona Beach, Florida

4 The new berry Award is granted every years to the authors of outstanding

12 The electric toaster was one of the earliest appliance to be developed for

7 ERRORS WITH VERB FORMS

Students should remember that:

-Verb forms are participles (present participles, past participles); gerunds; infinitives; simple forms of verbs

-There are 3 commons mistakes related to the verb forms:

+Incorrect choice of verb forms

E.g: The writer Edgar Allen Poe is usually credited with invent the short story

A B C D

The answer is C After preposition with a gerund should be used not a simple form +Incorrect choice of participles

E.g: There are probably around 3000 languages speaking in the world.

A B C D

The answer is C A past participle “spoken” is required not a present participle

+Incorrect forms of infinitives

E.g: Viral infections are generally more difficult to treating than bacterial infections

A B C D

The answer is C The correct form of the infinitive is to treat

EXERCISE: Choose the underlined part A, B, C or D that needs correction in each

of the following questions.

1 The most widely used material for package consumer goods is cardboard

8 ERRORS WITH PREPOSITIONS

Prepositions are used in the following ways

+In adverbial phrases that show time, place and other relationship

+After certain nouns

+After certain adjectives and participles

+After certain verbs

+In phrasal prepositions

+In certain set expressions

*There are 2 types of errors of prepositions that we are often meet

-Errors in prepositions choice

E.g: The pitch of a turning fork depends of the size and shape of its arms

A B C D

The answer is B The preposition on not of is needed here

-Incorrect inclusion or omission of prepositions

E.g: Some of the most of spectacular waterfalls in the eastern United States are found

A B C D

in the Pocono

The answer is B The preposition of should not be used in this phrase

EXERCISE: Choose the underlined part A, B, C or D that needs correction in each

of the following questions.

1 Water polo is a game in which is played in the water by two teams, each with