Chapter 8 - Performance measurement and strategic information management. This chapter explain the use of cost management information for each of the four functions of management and in different types of organizations, with emphasis on the strategic management function; explain the contemporary business environment and how it has influenced cost management; explain contemporary management techniques and how they are used in cost management to respond to the contemporary environment.
Trang 2Information Management
If you don’t measure results, you can’t tell success from failure
If you can’t see success, you can’t reward
it – and if you can’t reward success, you are probably rewarding failure
If you can’t recognize failure, you can’t
correct it
Trang 4Management
Understand customers and customer satisfaction
Trang 6 Develop a set of performance indicators that reflect customer requirements and key
business drivers
Use comparative information and data to
improve overall performance and competitive position
Trang 7 Involve everyone in measurement activities and ensure that information is widely visible
Ensure that data are accurate, reliable,
timely, secure, and confidential
Ensure that hardware and software systems are reliable and userfriendly
Systematically manage organizational
knowledge and identify and share best
practices
Trang 8Expendi
tures
The Dashboard of Old Performance Measures
The Dashboard of Old Performance Measures
Trang 9The Dashboard of New Performance Measures
The Dashboard of New Performance Measures
Referral Rates
Cash
flow
Capital Expendi
tures
Assets
Debt
Liabilities
Trang 11The Balanced Scorecard
A good balanced scorecard contains both leading and lagging measures and indicators. Lagging
measures (outcomes) tell what has happened;
leading measures (performance drivers) predict
what will happen.
Trang 12Baldrige Classification of Performance Measures
Trang 15Financial and Market Measures
Trang 16 Employee satisfaction
Training and development
Work system performance and effectiveness
Safety
Absenteeism
Turnover
Trang 17Organizational Effectiveness Measures
Trang 19Organizations need comparative data, such as
industry averages, best competitor performance, and worldclass benchmarks to gain an accurate assessment of performance and know where they stand relative to competitors and best practices.
Trang 20Designing Effective PM Systems
In designing a performance measurement system, organizations must consider how the measures
will support senior executive performance review and organizational planning to address the overall health of the organization, and how the measures will support daily operations and decision making.
Trang 21 Combine multiple indexes into a single index
Change as the environment and strategy
changes
Have researchbased targets or goals
Trang 22Key business drivers
(key success factors) Strategies and action plans
Measures and indicators
Trang 23Linking Measures to Strategy
The things an organization needs to do well to accomplish its vision are often called key
business drivers or key success factors They represent things that separate an organization from its competition and define strengths to
exploit or weaknesses to correct.
Trang 25Common Process Quality Measures
Nonconformities (defects) per unit
Errors per opportunity
Dpmo – defects per million
opportunities
Trang 29 Quantitative modeling of causeandeffect relationships between external and internal performance measures
Facilitated by data mining – the process of
of searching large databases to find hidden patterns in data, using analytical
approaches and technologies such as
cluster analysis, neural networks, and fuzzy logic
Trang 32 The process of identifying, capturing, organizing, and using knowledge
personal and contentspecific
Trang 33Knowledge Management
Knowledge assets refer to the accumulated
intellectual resources that an organization possesses, including information, ideas,
learning, understanding, memory, insights, cognitive and technical skills, and
capabilities.
Trang 34Knowledge management involves the process of identifying, capturing,
organizing, and using knowledge
assets to create and sustain
competitive advantage.
Knowledge management differs from information management
Trang 35 The ability to identify and transfer best practices within the organization
Trang 364.1 Measurement and Analysis of Organizational Performance
a. Performance Measurement
b. Performance Analysis 4.2 Information and Knowledge Management
a. Data and Information Availability
b. Organizational Knowledge