In this chapter we shall introduce some tools for representing and analysing data and problems. These span fishbone (Ishikawa) diagrams, Pareto charts, descriptive schemes such as scatter plots, graphing techniques, statistical analysis and decision making tools.
Trang 4Improve quality Costs decrease Productivity improves
Increase market share with better
quality and lower prices
Stay in business
Trang 5The Deming philosophy focuses on
continual improvements in product and service quality by reducing uncertainty and variability in design, manufacturing, and service processes, driven by the
leadership of top management
Trang 6Deming’s System of Profound Knowledge
Appreciation for a system
Understanding variation
Theory of knowledge
Psychology
Trang 7Systems
Most organizational processes are crossfunctional
Parts of a system must work together
Every system must have a purpose
Management must optimize the
system as a whole
Trang 8The aim of any system should be for all stakeholders—stockholders,
employees, customers, community, and the environment—to benefit over the
long term
Trang 9 Statistical methods can be used to
identify and quantify variation to help understand it and lead to
improvements
Trang 11Psychology
People are motivated intrinsically and extrinsically; intrinsic motivation is the most powerful
Fear is demotivating
Managers should develop pride and joy in work
Trang 14 Quality planning
Quality control
Quality improvement
Trang 15customer dissatisfaction.”
Trang 16Quality is free . . .
“Quality is free. It’s not a gift, but it is free. What costs money are the unquality
things all the actions that involve not
doing jobs right the first time.”
Trang 19 Instrumental in developing Japanese quality strategy
Influenced participative approaches involving all workers
Advocated the use of simple visual tools and statistical techniques
Trang 20 Pioneered a new perspective on quality based
on the economic value of being on target and reducing variation and dispelling the
traditional view of conformance to
specifications:
Loss
Trang 21of Commerce
Trang 23A Systems Perspective
4 Measurement, Analysis, and Knowledge Management
5 Human Resource Focus
3 Customer &
Market Focus
7 Business Results
7 Business Results
2 Strategic Planning
1
Leadership
6 Process Management
Organizational Profile:
Environment, Relationships, and
Challenges
Trang 24The Baldrige criteria define both an integrated infrastructure and a set of
fundamental practices for a high
performance management system
Trang 28Judges Select for Consensus Review?
Judges Select for Site Visit Review?
Stage 1 Independent Review
Stage 2 Consensus Review
Stage 3 Site Visit Review
Trang 29 American company winners include Florida Power & Light and AT&T Power Systems Division
Trang 31Quality Awards Around the World
Programs in place
No programs
Trang 32 Quality system standards adopted by
International Organization for
Standardization in 1987; revised in 1994 and 2000
Technical specifications and criteria to be used as rules, guidelines, or definitions of characteristics to ensure that materials, products, processes, and services are fit for their purpose
Trang 33expectations and requirements.
Trang 34 Provide confidence to internal
management and other employees that
quality requirements are being fulfilled
Trang 36Standards
21 elements organized into four major sections:
Trang 38ISO 9000 provides a set of good basic practices for initiating a quality system, and is an excellent starting point for
companies with no formal quality
assurance program
Trang 41(1 of 2)
Think in terms of key business processes,
customer requirements, and overall strategic objectives.
Focus on corporate sponsors responsible for championing projects, support team activities, help to overcome resistance to change, and obtaining resources.
Emphasize such quantifiable measures as
can be applied to all parts of an organization
Trang 42(2 of 2)
and focus on business results, thereby providing incentives and accountability.
deployment
experts (“green belts,” “black belts,” and “master black belts”) who can apply improvement tools and lead teams.
Trang 43Although different, Baldrige and Six
Sigma are highly compatible and can each have a place in the management system of a successful organization