MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT THUY LOI UNIVERSITY BUI TUAN HAI RESEARCH ON USING REMOTE SENSING DATA IN SURFACE FLOW SIMULATION FOR
Trang 1MINISTRY OF EDUCATION
AND TRAINING
MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT THUY LOI UNIVERSITY
BUI TUAN HAI
RESEARCH ON USING REMOTE SENSING DATA IN SURFACE FLOW SIMULATION FOR IRRIGATION PLANNING AND NATURAL DISASTER PREVENTION - APPLYING FOR CA RIVER BASIN
Major: Water Resources Engineering Major Code: 9580212
SUMMARY OF TECHNICAL PHD THESIS
HA NOI, 2020
Trang 2This Thesis was completed in Thuyloi University
Supervisor 01: Assoc.Prof.Dr Le Quang Vinh
Supervisor 02: Assoc.Prof.Dr Pham Quang Vinh
Reviewer 01: Assoc.Prof.Dr Nguyen Mai Dang
Reviewer 02: Assoc.Prof.Dr Uong Dinh Khanh
Reviewer 03: Prof.Dr Nguyen Ngoc Thach
The thesis will be defended before the Thesis Assessment Council at:
Room 5 -K1, Thuyloi University, No 175 Tay Son, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam
Trang 3INTRODUCTION
1 The rationale of research
Ca river basin is one of the regions severely affected by floods, droughts and saline intrusion Research on the process of flow formation in Ca river basin, especially upstream area, is extremely important in irrigation planning and disaster prevention for downstream areas However, since most of the upstream area with 34.8% of the catchment area where the runoff is formed is located in Laos, there is no data available for the study Research on using remote sensing data combined with appropriate technologies in meteorological forecasting, hydrology, flow and irrigation planning, natural disaster prevention in river basins is a solution to overcome the lack of real measurement documents are of interest to scientists
For the above reasons, the Ph.D thesis: " Research on using remote sensing data
in surface flow simulation for irrigation planning and natural disaster prevention
- applying for Ca river basin " is essential
2 Research objectives
- Researching, exploiting, analyzing and selecting suitable satellite rain data to add hypothetical rain stations to areas in the basin where there is a lack of measuring stations and lack of data on actual rain measurements, adding monthly rainfall data for intermittent rain measurement stations in order to improve reliability in calculating flow for irrigation planning and disaster prevention
- Study using remote sensing data (satellite rain data and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data) in surface flow simulation for Ca river basin, especially transboundary flow simulation for the upper part where most of the area is located in Lao PDR with no actual rain records
3 Object and scope of the study
a) Research object:
Surface runoff serving irrigation planning and disaster prevention in river basins
in general and Ca river basin in particular
b) Scope of research:
- In terms of space: The study area is the Ca river basin, in which, focusing on
studying two transboundary river branches located upstream of Nam Mo and Nam Non
Trang 4- In terms of time: Study on simulation of flow process in Ca river basin from
1982 to 2019, in which simulating flood flow from 2011 to 2019 Analysis and selection of concentrated satellite rain data for three year from 2015 to 2017
4 Approach and research method
a) Approach to research:
The thesis topic chooses the following two scientific approaches: (1) System approach; (2) Approach combines experimental research and theoretical research
b) Research method:
Using the following research methods: (1) Inheritance method (2) Methods of investigation, data collection, documents; (3) Statistical analysis method; (4) Mathematical modeling method; (5) Method of seminar and consultation with experts
5 The scientific and practical significance of the study
a) Scientific significance: Supplement the method of application of remote sensing technology and use of remote sensing data in combination with mathematical models in surface flow simulation on Ca river basin serving irrigation planning and natural disasters prevention
b) Practical significance: Proposing methods of handling and using data from remote sensing for areas with no data or insufficient data in flow simulation for irrigation planning and natural disaster prevention river basin in general and Ca river basin in particular, meeting the requirements of socio-economic development
6 New contributions of the Thesis
a) Identify suitable remote sensing data among high resolution satellite rain data CHIRPS, GSMAP, GPM, CMORPH and digital elevation model data ALOS, ASTER, SRTM for adding assuming rain gauge stations, adding monthly rainfall data for areas where there is a lack of rain measurement stations, or lack of actual rain measurement documents to improve reliability in calculating and simulating flow for irrigation planning and natural disaster prevention in Ca river basin b) Clarifying the method of using satellite rain data and digital elevation model (DEM) as input data for the deterministic, lumped, conceptual model MIKE NAM and the distributed hydrological model IFAS to increase the accuracy in the flow simulation for the Ca river basin, especially the cross-border flow simulation of the two branches of Nam Mo and Nam Non rivers with most of the catchment area located in Laos
Trang 57 The layout of the thesis
In addition to the introduction, conclusion and recommendations, the thesis includes the following three main chapters:
Chapter 1: Overview of research and use of remote sensing data in irrigation
planning and natural disaster prevention
Chapter 2: Research method and data used in the study
Chapter 3: Research results using remote sensing data in calculating the flow in
Ca river basin
CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH AND USE OF REMOTE SENSING DATA IN IRRIGATION PLANNING AND NATURAL DISASTER PREVENTION
1.1 Overview of remote sensing technology
Remote sensing is a research science that collects information about things and phenomena on the earth's surface from a long distance through special measuring technology equipment installed on satellites observing the earth's surface Over the past 60 years, remote sensing technology has constantly improved, the number of remote sensing satellites has been increasing in number, diverse in types, diverse in size, diverse in orbit and trending developing into satellite beams Application scope of remote sensing technology is also constantly expanding Currently, remote sensing technology is widely applied in the following main areas: (1) Weather forecasting and forecasting natural disasters (2) Water resources management and water quality (3) Management land (4) Building maps to meet socio-economic development requirements
1.2 Overview of researched scientific works in the world on issues related
to the thesis topic
1.2.1 Research and apply remote sensing technology in planning, water resources management and natural disaster prevention in the world
The research works have shown that remote sensing technology is being applied
a lot in calculating rainfall, evaporation, simulating the process of forming runoff and flooding in river basins The hydrological and geological related data on the earth's surface observed by remote sensing when used together with the on-site measurement data, create important data stores for the study of surface water sources and groundwater, providing input to the mathematical models Remote sensing data processing is often done in GIS software Remote sensing
Trang 6contributes to the consensus in water resource management for international rivers Bad weather conditions during the rainy season are often associated with flooding, inundation and landslides making it extremely difficult to access and assess flooded areas, and remote sensing will help overcome the limitations this Through the selection of appropriate sensors and platforms, remote sensing can provide accurate and timely information on flooded or at-risk areas, assessing the extent of damage caused by floods Floods and landslides in places where it is difficult for people to have direct access to appropriate response measures The thesis also summarizes some research results applying remote sensing technology in planning, water resources management and disaster prevention in Africa under the TIGER initiative, in India and International Mekong River Commission The thesis also introduces the research results of applying remote sensing and GIS technology in flood monitoring and flood damage assessment
in Pakistan and Nepal
simulation
Overview of research results in this field in the world, the thesis is divided into the following main groups:
a) The study using satellite rain data: Typically the studies using satellite rain
data TRMM-3B42 v6 and v7, RFE 2.0, PERSIANN-CDR, CMORPH1.0 version 0.x to model simulation of flow regime for the Makhazine river basin in Morocco; the study used TRMM and GPM satellite rain data to simulate half-day floods for basins without measuring stations in Myanmar; using satellite rain data TMPA 3B32RT and rainfall data measuring station to evaluate the error model in determining daily rainfall from satellite rain data
b) Research using DEM topographic data: Typically the studies compare DEM
data with each other and compare with Australia's national topographic elevation data on the entire continent Ocean; The study uses DEM ALOS data to update hydrological maps, providing information on the impact of hydrodynamic dynamics in arid and semi-arid environments
c) Research combining remote sensing data and mathematical model in flow relationship study: Remote sensing provides input data for mathematical
rain-models such as meteorological - hydrological characteristics according to space and time, soil moisture, surface characteristics and land use, soil cover… Scientists have demonstrated the good combination of GIS with simulation models such as HEC, MODFLOW, SHE, SWAT, MIKE BASIN, WEAP to solve
Trang 7problems related to the hydrological regime, flow of a number of river basins in the world Typically the study used remote sensing data combined with actual rainfall data and IFAS model to calculate flood flows for the Kelantan and Dungun river basins in Malaysia Many scientists have studied the combination
of remote sensing data, GIS and SWAT model in assessing river basin water flow and quality under changes in land use structure and climate change They have established detailed models of surface and underground runoff, water quality enhancement model, or a combination of quality modeling with GIS tools, the effects of spatial variability on the flow model field
1.2.3 General assessment of research results in the world
Overview of research results of scientists around the world shows that the combination of mathematical modeling, remote sensing technology and GIS is a new and very effective approach in calculating and simulating river basin flows, especially especially in irrigation planning, natural disaster prevention The research results also show that the flow calculation method combining remote sensing and GIS still has many gaps that the thesis needs to continue researching and deploying This thesis will inherit the advantages of 3 methods: mathematical modeling, remote sensing and GIS
1.3 Overview of researched scientific works in Vietnam on issues related
to the thesis topic
1.3.1 Research on water resource management, irrigation planning and natural disaster prevention
a) Regarding scientific research: The research works to evaluate the fluctuation
of dry flow and the impact of dry flow on agriculture and fisheries in the downstream Ca and Ma river basins, hydraulic model MIKE-NAM, hydraulic model MIKE11 and MIKE21 to evaluate the impact of irrigation systems, hydropower, transport and infrastructure on flood drainage in the Central region Based on the research results, the authors have proposed structural and non-structural solutions to limit adverse impacts, efficiently use water resources in accordance with the specific conditions of each river basin Research and application of hydrological and hydraulic models in medium-term rain and flood forecasting for coordinated operation of water reservoirs in river basins to ensure flood prevention for downstream, and safe operation of lakes contain and limit flood damage in Ca river basin
b) Regarding irrigation planning and natural disaster prevention and control for river basins: Typically projects on irrigation planning in Ca river basin to 2020
Trang 8and orientation to 2030 and irrigation planning in Central region period
2012-2020 and orientation to 2050 in the conditions of climate change and sea level rise The mentioned irrigation plans are based on hydraulic model MIKE11, the NAM hydrological model and only focus on mainstream research based on data for the catchment area located in the territory of Vietnam, not to mention the downstream impact of upstream catchments located on foreign territories in Vietnam
1.3.2 Research using remote sensing data and mathematical model in flow simulation
a) Research and use of remote sensing data to provide rainfall and topographic data in the basin The thesis has introduced an overview of a number of typical
scientific works such as: 1) The study used satellite rain data from the GPM global rain measurement program, compared evaluation with ground rain monitoring data to warning of rain and flood in the city Ho Chi Minh; 2) Study
to select a satellite rain data source suitable for Vietnam as a series of historical data, supplementing to replace the data at the station Research results from 3 rain data sources including global and regional rain in NETCDF format, rain data
at 58 stations in Vietnam distributed by 7 climatic regions and radio response data from radar in Our country shows that the APHRODITE data source of Japan
is the most suitable for Vietnam; 3) Research results, comparing data of GSMAP satellite rain with observed data at 10 rain gauging stations in the Central region
in the period 2000-2010 show that there is a match for the month when rainfall
is over 100 mm and the month with the highest rainfall at most stations, although there is a certain difference in the duration of those rainy months; 4) Study to develop a method that combines remote sensing data DEM ASTER, GPS technology, GIS data and VRSAP model to automatically generate flood maps,
to analyze, monitor and warn natural disasters for the study area is the Kon-Ha Thanh river basin; 5) Study on application of image of ALOS Prism to establish DEM in areas with complex terrain such as coast, sand dunes, lagoons, accumulation plains, mountains and hills with catastrophic events (movement of dunes, open -fill the lagoon etc); and 6) Studies using LIDAR data to study features on topographic surface such as EM, K-Means, kNN, MCC and combined with high resolution DEM data for modeling flood
b) Research on combining the use of remote sensing data and mathematical models in flow simulation in the basin There are not many scientific researches
in this area but also achieved some good results, typically the works: 1) Applied research combining remote sensing data with IFAS model in calculating flow
Trang 9flow Bang Giang river basin in Cao Bang; 2) Research on applying remote sensing and GIS in monitoring environment and natural resources; 3) Research
to exploit and use satellite rain data in the flood forecasting model in the Mekong river basin (from Chiang Saen to Strung Stren); 4) Apply SWAT rain-flow model
in water resource management: use remote sensing data as input to calculate river flows, assess water quality under the impact of land use scenarios flow up, sedimentation and water quality assessment Most of the new studies are just using mathematical models for calculation, but have not studied and applied new technologies in this field Currently in our country there is no research that combines both mathematical model and remote sensing technology in water resource management, especially choosing remote sensing data to provide input data for the mathematical model The advantage of the method of combining remote sensing data with the mathematical model is that it is possible to determine hydrological parameters for areas where there is no document or insufficient data for calculation due to the wide coverage of remote sensing images, time is relatively continuous This is a good application in transboundary water resources management, especially for the Ca river basin where more than 35% of the area is located in the territory of Laos
1.3.3 Evaluation of research in Vietnam
Most of the scientific works related to the topic use suitable mathematical models for research and calculation Research on using remote sensing data in irrigation planning and disaster prevention in river basins is not much Most of the new research deals with some specific tasks for a region or a part of the basin within the territory of Vietnam, while the part of river basins in the territory of other countries has not been mentioned and studied due to the The input data required for the mathematical models entered the nodal points in the basins outside the border are largely absent or unreliable In Vietnam, there are many transboundary river basins with existing problems in water resource management as well as irrigation planning and disaster prevention This is the gap in the research that this thesis topic needs to continue to research and choose
1.4 Conclusion of chapter 1
The developed countries in the world have successfully applied remote sensing technology with mathematical models to simulate the flow and forecast natural disasters in the areas and river basins However, in our country this technology
is still new Although the number of research projects using remote sensing and GIS data in river basin disaster prevention and planning has been limited, certain
Trang 10results have been achieved, creating a scientific basis for further studies Research using remote sensing data combined with appropriate technologies in meteorological forecasting, hydrology, flow and water resource management in river basins is a useful solution to overcome the lack of documents measurements, especially for transboundary river basins
Ca River has a basin area of 27,200 km2 distributed in the territory of Vietnam and Laos Research on the flow in this basin is very important in warning and mitigating natural disasters downstream, especially flood flows coming from upstream However, the upstream part with 34.8% of the basin is located in Laos with no data or very little data for research Using remote sensing data combined with mathematical models in irrigation planning and disaster prevention is a new research direction, it is necessary to conduct a case study for the Ca river basin This is a very important scientific and practical basis to build this thesis topic
CHAPTER 2 RESEARCH METHOD AND DATA USED IN THE STUDY 2.1 Interpretation of research methods and tools
2.1.1 Scientific approach
The thesis chooses 2 scientific approaches, including: i) System approach; and ii) Approach combining experimental research and theoretical research Each of the above mentioned approaches has been analyzed and clarified its scientific bases The system approach is a basic and cross-cutting approach in the process
of researching and implementing the thesis topic
2.1.2 Scientific research method
The thesis uses 5 research methods including: i) Inheritance method; ii) Methods
of investigation, data collection, documents; iii) Statistical analysis method; iv) Mathematical modeling method; and v) Method of workshop and consultation with experts Each of the above research methods are analyzed and clarified its scientific basis
2.1.3 Research tools
The dissertation's research tools are mathematical modeling software related to hydrological and hydraulic calculations and remote sensing data types that provide input data for mathematical models
2.2 Research site
The place of research and application in practice of the thesis is Ca river basin
Ca River has a basin area of 27,200 km2 distributed in the territory of Vietnam and Laos 65.2% of the catchment area is located within the administrative
Trang 11boundaries of the three provinces of Nghe An, Ha Tinh and Thanh Hoa The upstream area with 34.8% of the catchment area is located in the territory of Laos
Ca river basin is home to about 4 million people of many ethnic groups In the basin, there are about 3,000 irrigation projects of all kinds, but the exploitation and use of water resources from these works is still limited Droughts, floods and natural disasters still happen frequently, affecting production and people's lives
Figure 2.1 Map of Ca river basin
2.3 Research process
To achieve the proposed research objectives, the thesis will follow the process of
5 main research steps outlined in the diagram Figure 2.2
The research steps include: i) Investigation, survey and document collection; ii) General research; iii) Select tools for research and calculation; iv) Research to
Figure 2.2 Diagram of the sequence of research steps
Trang 12solve problems according to research content and objectives; and v) Workshop and consultation with experts The thesis has explained and clarified the scientific basis of each of the above research steps
2.4 Study to select mathematical model in the flow simulation in Ca river basin
2.4.1 Mathematical models are being applied in hydrological and hydraulic calculation
The thesis introduced and carefully analyzed the advantages and disadvantages and the scope of application of 8 sets of math models widely used in the country and the world, including: i) MIKE model set (MIKE 11, MIKE BASIN, MIKE SHE, MALE); ii) SSARR model; iii) HEC - HMS model; iv) MARINE model; v) TANK model; vi) DIMOSOP model; vii) SWAT model; and viii) IFAS model
2.4.2 Analyze and select a set of mathematical models to be applied to calculating rain, evaporation and flow regime calculation in the basin
The thesis has analyzed and selected models MIKE NAM (hereinafter referred
to as NAM) and IFAS to calculate the hydrology for the studied river basin with the following main reasons:
1) NAM model: In the study on irrigation planning of Ca river, NAM is used to
calculate the inputs for the MIKE BASIN basin management models and the hydraulic model MIKE11 The research results show that using NAM to simulate hydrological processes in the basin has increased accurately the results of the calculation of the flood season and the final season flow on the Ca river system network This is an important basis for proposing irrigation works solutions for
Ca river basin The thesis has introduced structure diagram of basic components
of the NAM model
2) IFAS model: Used to incorporate remote sensing data into NAM model for
flow calculation in Ca river basin The research results show that IFAS has the following basic advantages: i) The core is the distributed hydrological model PWRI-DHM, so it is possible to take advantage of the advantages of remote sensing in terms of the ability to provide data in space and time space; ii) Relatively easy to use interface with the ability to receive various remote sensing data from many online data sources; iii) Ability to effectively process remote sensing data through modules for handling watersheds, rain data, calculation scenarios; and iv) Being able to simulate the hourly flow of floods, fast calculation time, quite accurate results, meeting the requirements of practice of management and administration of natural disaster prevention The thesis also
Trang 13introduced the structural diagram and structural parameters of the PWRI-DHM model
2.5 Research remote sensing data analysis and processing tools
For the research of the thesis, the focus on processing data from remote sensing
to provide input data for the mathematical models is extremely important Therefore, it is necessary to select suitable GIS software for data processing from remote sensing data sources for analysis, evaluation and selection of appropriate data to include in the models calculate
The thesis has studied and introduced 4 open source GIS softwares including GRASS GIS; QGIS; MapWinGIS and ILWIS to choose an appropriate database building software The evaluation criteria include:
1) Sustainability: strong community of programmers, few bugs or bugs corrected
quickly (upgrades regularly)
2) Popularity: used by many individuals and organizations
3) Meeting the needs of building and managing thematic data, including i)
Spatial analysis (map overlapping, distance analysis, spatial interpolation); ii) Draw thematic maps according to the features of the objects; iii) Managing and linking databases; and iv) Ease of use
The results of analyzing and evaluating software for building and managing GIS data, the thesis selected Quantum GIS software (QGIS) because this software has fully met the above criteria
2.6 Study on remote sensing data selection
2.6.1 Study on selecting high resolution satellite rain data
a) General overview
Rain is the most important input factor for hydrodynamics, hydraulics, water demand, and water balance models In the Ca river basin, the basin part of our country with 17,730 km2 has only 23 rain-gauging stations with an average density of 778 km2 / station, the remaining 9,470 km2 is located in Laos, with no rain gauge station According to the WMO standard requires a minimum of 575
km2 / rain gauging station
The rain monitoring stations already exist in our territory, mainly concentrated
in the plains, towns and townships located in the river valley There are few rain gauge stations in the high mountains Recorded rain records of 9 stations out of
23 rain gauge stations in the basin are missing and interrupted, as shown in Table 2.6