General organic and biological chemistry 5e timberlack test bank chapter 15

Answer: D Objective: 15.2 Global Outcomes: GO2 18 Hyperglycemia is a condition in which A the glucose level in the blood is about 100 mg/dL.. Answer: C Objective: 15.2 Global Outcomes: G

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General, Organic & Biological Chemistry, 5e (Timberlake)

Global Outcomes: GO2

2) Which group of carbohydrates cannot be hydrolyzed to give smaller molecules?

3) A monosaccharide that consists of 5 carbon atoms, one of which is in a ketone group, is classified as a(n)

4) A monosaccharide that contains 4 carbon atoms, one of which is in an aldehyde group, is classified as a(n)

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5) Which of the following is an example of an aldopentose?A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

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6) Ribulose has the following structural formula To what carbohydrate class does ribulose belong?

7) During photosynthesis, carbon dioxide and water are converted to glucose and oxygen byA) large animals

8) The breakdown of carbohydrates to carbon dioxide and water in the body is called

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9) Which of the following is an example of a ketopentose?A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

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10) Which of the following is an example of an aldohexose?

11) The breakdown of glucose to chemical energy for the cells to do work is an example ofA) oxidation

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12) Photosynthesis uses as an energy source

13) Fructose does not undergo hydrolysis because it is a

14) Galactosemia is the name of a metabolic disorder In this disorder, an enzyme is missing that is needed to

A) make galactose from lactose

B) make lactose from galactose

C) convert galactose to glycogen

D) convert galactose to glucose

E) convert α-galactose to β-galactose.

Answer: D

Objective: 15.2

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15) Which Fischer projection is the mirror image of the structure given below?Br

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16) In the L- isomer of a Fischer projection of a monosaccharide, the -OH group furthest fromthe carbonyl is written

A) on the left of the top chiral carbon

B) on the right of the top chiral carbon

C) on the left of the middle chiral carbon

D) on the left of the bottom chiral carbon

E) on the right of the bottom chiral carbon

Answer: D

Objective: 15.2

17) One difference between D-glucose and L-glucose is

A) the open-chain form of L-glucose does not exist

B) it is not possible to make L-glucose

C) L-glucose has a 5-membered ring, and D-glucose has a 6-membered ring

D) only D-glucose is found in disaccharides and polysaccharides

E) L-glucose cannot form a closed structure

Answer: D

Objective: 15.2

18) Hyperglycemia is a condition in which

A) the glucose level in the blood is about 100 mg/dL

B) the amount of glucose in the urine is lower than normal

C) the glucose level in the blood is higher than normal

D) the glucose level in the pancreas is lower than normal

E) the glucose level in the liver is lower than normal

Answer: C

Objective: 15.2

19) Hypoglycemia is a condition in which

A) the glucose level in the blood is about 100 mg/dL

B) the amount of glucose in the urine is higher than normal

C) the glucose level in the blood is higher than normal

D) the glucose level in the pancreas is higher than normal

E) the glucose level in the blood is lower than normal

Answer: E

Objective: 15.2

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20) The sugar also known as dextrose and blood sugar is

21) Galactose has the structure shown below It can be classified as a(n)

22) Galactose has the structure shown below Which anomer is shown?

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23) Mannose has the structure shown below Which anomer is shown?

24) The conversion between α and β anomers is called

25) The reduction of monosaccharides produces

26) The oxidation of monosaccharides produces

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27) A glycosidic bond between two monosaccharides can also be classified as a(n)A) double bond.

28) In a disaccharide, two monosaccharides are joined by what kind of bond?A) double

29) Which of the following contains a β-1,4-glycosidic bond?

30) Which sugar is NOT a reducing sugar?

31) Aspartame® and Saccharin® are two examples of

Refer to the disaccharides below to answer the question(s) that follow.

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32) In the figure above, the monosaccharide unit at the top is a(n) A) aldopentose.

33) In the figure above, the monosaccharide unit on the bottom is a(n)A) aldopentose

34) Hydrolysis of the disaccharide above gives the monosaccharidesA) fructose and ribose

B) fructose and galactose

C) ribose and glucose

D) ribose and galactose

E) fructose and lactose

Answer: B

Objective: 15.5

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35) The disaccharide above contains a(n) -glycosidic linkage.

37) Galactose is a product of enzymatic hydrolysis of

38) Maltose can be classified as a(n)

39) Which of the following contains α-1,6-branches?

40) Cellulose is not digestible by humans because it contains glucose units linked by -glycosidic bonds

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Answer: E

Objective: 15.6

41) Amylose is a polysaccharide which has

A) only β-1,4-bonds between glucose units.

B) only α-1,4-links bonds glucose units.

C) both α-1,4-and β-1,4-bonds between glucose units.

D) hemiacetal links joining glucose units

E) carbon-carbon bonds joining glucose units

Answer: B

Objective: 15.6

42) Humans cannot digest cellulose because they

A) lack the necessary enzymes to digest β-glycosides.

B) are allergic to β-glycosides.

C) are poisoned by β-glycosides.

D) have intestinal flora which use up β-glycosides.

E) cannot digest chlorophyll

Answer: A

Objective: 15.6

43) Under acid hydrolysis conditions, starch is converted toA) glucose

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44) Amylopectin is a polysaccharide which has

D) both α-1,4-and α-1,6-bonds between glucose units.

Answer: D

Objective: 15.6

45) Glycogen is a polysaccharide which has

D) both α-1,4-and α-1,6-bonds between glucose units.

Answer: D

Objective: 15.6

15.2 Short Answer Questions

State whether each of these structures is the α- or β-form.

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Identify each Fischer projection as the D- or L-isomer.

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2) Fructose is also known as dextrose

4) In the D- isomer, the -OH farthest from the carbonyl is to the left.Answer: FALSE

Objective: 15.2

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5) In the α anomer of glucose, the OH on carbon 1 is above the plane of the ring.Answer: FALSE

Objective: 15.3

6) This anomer is the α anomer

Answer: FALSE

Objective: 15.3

7) A reducing sugar gives a precipitate of silver metal with Benedict's reagent.Answer: FALSE

Objective: 15.4

8) Cellulose will give a positive Benedict's test

Answer: FALSE

Objective: 15.4

9) The product of oxidation of an aldose is a carboxylic acid

Answer: TRUE

Objective: 15.4

10) The product of reduction of mannose is mannic acid

Answer: FALSE

Objective: 15.4

11) Sucrose is a reducing sugar

Answer: FALSE

Objective: 15.4

12) Maltose is a reducing sugar

Answer: TRUE

Objective: 15.4

13) The product of reduction of xylose is xylitol

Answer: TRUE

Objective: 15.4

14) Sucrose is made up of glucose units only

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17) The iodine test is used to detect the presence of a reducing sugar

Answer: FALSE

Objective: 15.6

18) Glucose is stored in animals as glycogen

Answer: TRUE

Objective: 15.6

19) Amylopectin is a straight-chain polysaccharide

Answer: FALSE

Objective: 15.6

20) Cellulose is a polysaccharide with only β-1,4-bonds between glucose units.

Answer: TRUE

Objective: 15.6

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2) a disaccharide that occurs as a breakdown product of starch

Objective: 15.2, 15.5, 15.6

3) a carbohydrate that stores energy in the human body

Objective: 15.2, 15.5, 15.6

4) a carbohydrate that is used to build cell walls in plants

Objective: 15.2, 15.5, 15.6

5) a monosaccharide that combines with glucose to form lactose

Objective: 15.2, 15.5, 15.6

6) a disaccharide found in milk and milk products

Objective: 15.2, 15.5, 15.6

7) a disaccharide consisting of glucose and fructose

Objective: 15.2, 15.5, 15.6

8) a disaccharide consisting of two glucose molecules

Objective: 15.2, 15.5, 15.6

9) a monosaccharide found in fruit juices and honey, the sweetest carbohydrateObjective: 15.2, 15.5, 15.6

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10) an unbranched carbohydrate that stores glucose in plants

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