menh-de-quan-he-relative-clauses-bai-tap-va-dap-an

Định nghĩa mệnh đề quan hệ Mệnh đề Clause là một phần của câu, nó có thể bao gồm nhiều từ hay có cấu trúc của cả một câu.. Trong câu này phần được viết chữ nghiêng được gọi là một relati

ÔN TẬP NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ - RELATIVE CLAUSES

A LÝ THUYẾT

1 Định nghĩa mệnh đề quan hệ

Mệnh đề (Clause) là một phần của câu, nó có thể bao gồm nhiều từ hay có cấu trúc của cả một câu Mệnh đề quan hệ dùng để giải thích rõ hơn về danh từ đứng trước nó

Xét ví dụ sau:

 The woman who is wearing the T-shirt is my girlfriend

Trong câu này phần được viết chữ nghiêng được gọi là một relative clause, nó đứng sau

“the woman” và dùng để xác định danh từ đó Nếu bỏ mệnh đề này ra chúng ta vẫn có một câu hoàn chỉnh:

 The woman is my girlfriend

2 Các dạng mệnh đề Quan hệ

A Relative Pronouns - Đại từ quan hệ

Đại từ

Who Làm chủ ngữ, đại diện ngôi người I told you about the woman

who lives next door

Which Làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ, đại diện ngôi đồ

vật, động vật

Do you see the cat which is lying on the roof?

Bổ sung cho cả câu đứng trước nó He couldn’t read which

surprised me

Whose Chỉ sở hữu cho người và vật Do you know the boy whose

mother is a nurse?

Whom Đại diện cho tân ngữ chỉ người I was invited by the professor

whom I met at the conference

That

Đại diện cho chủ ngữ chỉ người, vật, đặc biệt

trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định (who, which

vẫn có thê sử dụng được)

I don’t like the table that stands in the kitchen

Mệnh đề quan hệ - Relative Clauses

Mệnh đề quan hệ (mệnh đề tính từ) bắt đầu bằng các đại từ quan hệ: who, whom, which, that, whose hay những trạng từ quan hệ: why, where, when Mệnh đề quan hệ dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước nó

I Các đại từ quan hệ

1 WHO:

 làm chủ từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ

 thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người

N (person) + WHO + V + O

2 WHOM:

 làm túc từ cho động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ

 thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người

N (person) + WHOM + S + V

3 WHICH:

 làm chủ từ hoặc túc từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ

 thay thế cho danh từ chỉ vật

N (thing) + WHICH + V + O

N (thing) + WHICH + S + V

4 THAT:

 có thể thay thế cho vị trí của who, whom, which trong mệnh đề quan hệ quan hệ xác định

* Các trường hợp thường dùng "that":

 khi đi sau các hình thức so sánh nhất

 khi đi sau các từ: only, the first, the last

 khi danh từ đi trước bao gôm cả người và vật

 khi đi sau các đại từ bất định, đại từ phủ định, đại từ chỉ số lượng: no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anything, anybody, someone, something, somebody, all, some, any, little, none

Ex: He was the most interesting person that I have ever met.

It was the first time that I heard of it

These books are all that my sister left me 0983672757

She talked about the people and places that she had visited

* Các trường hợp không dùng that:

 trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định

 sau giới từ

5 WHOSE:

 dùng để chỉ sở hữu cho danh từ chỉ người hoặc vật, thường thay cho các từ: her, his, their, hoặc hình thức „s

N (person, thing) + WHOSE + N + V

II Các trạng từ quan hệ

1 WHY: mở đầu cho mệnh đề quan hệ chỉ lý do, thường thay cho cụm for the reason, for

that reason

N (reason) + WHY + S + V

Ex: I don‟t know the reason You didn‟t go to school for that reason.

→ I don‟t know the reason why you didn‟t go to school

2 WHERE: thay thế từ chỉ nơi chốn, thường thay cho there

N (place) + WHERE + S + V

(WHERE = ON / IN / AT + WHICH)

Ex: a/ The hotel wasn‟t very clean We stayed t that hotel.

→ The hotel where we stayed wasn‟t very clean

→ The hotel at which we stayed wasn‟t very clean

3 WHEN: thay thế từ chỉ thời gian, thường thay cho từ then

N (time) + WHEN + S + V

(WHEN = ON / IN / AT + WHICH)

Ex: Do you still remember the day? We first met on that day.

→ Do you still remember the day when we first met?

→ Do you still remember the day on which we first met?

I don‟t know the time She will come back then → I don‟t know the time when she will come back

III Các loại Mệnh đề quan hệ

Có hai loại mệnh đề quan hệ: mệnh đề quan hệ xác định và mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định

1 Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định (Defining relative clauses): là mệnh đề được dùng để

xác định danh từ đứng trước nó Mệnh đề xác định là mệnh đề cần thiết cho ý nghĩa của câu, không có nó câu sẽ không đủ nghĩa Nó được sử dụng khi danh từ là danh từ không xác định và không dùng dấu phẩy ngăn cách nó với mệnh đề chính

2 Mệnh đề quan hệ không hạn định (Non-defining relative clauses): là mệnh đề

cung cấp thêm thông tin về một người, một vật hoặc một sự việc đã được xác định Mệnh

đề không xác định là mệnh đề không nhất thiết phải có trong câu, không có nó câu vẫn

đủ nghĩa Nó được sử dụng khi danh từ là danh từ xác định và được ngăn cách với mệnh

đề chính bằng một hoặc hai dấu phẩy (,) hay dấu gạch ngang (-)

Ex: Dalat, which I visited last summer, is very beautiful (Non-defining relative clause)

Note: để biết khi nào dùng mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định, ta lưu ý các điểm sau:

 Khi danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa là một danh từ riêng

 Khi danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa là một tính từ sở hữu (my, his, her, their)

 Khi danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa la một danh từ đi với this , that, these, those

IV Một số lưu ý trong mệnh đề quan hệ

1 Nếu trong mệnh đề quan hệ có giới từ thì giới từ có thể đặt trước hoặc sau mệnh đề quan hệ (chỉ áp dụng với whom và which.)

 Ex: Mr Brown is a nice teacher We studied with him last year

→ Mr Brown, with whom we studied last year, is a nice teacher

→ Mr Brown, whom we studied with last year, is a nice teacher

2 Có thể dùng which thay cho cả mệnh đề đứng trước

 Ex: She can‟t come to my birthday party That makes me sad → She can‟t come

to my birthday party, which makes me sad

3 Ở vị trí túc từ, whom có thể được thay bằng who

 Ex: I‟d like to talk to the man whom / who I met at your birthday party

4 Trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định , chúng ta có thể bỏ các đại từ quan hệ làm túc từ: whom, which

 Ex: The girl you met yesterday is my close friend The book you lent me was very interesting

5 Các cụm từ chỉ số lượng some of, both of, all of, neither of, many of, none of có thể được dùng trước whom, which và whose

 Ex: I have two sisters, both of whom are students She tried on three dresses, none

of which fitted her

B LUYỆN TẬP

I Fill in the blanks with WHO, WHICH or THAT:

1 The men _ lives next-door are English

2 The dictionary _ you gave me is very good

3 Do you know the girls _ are standing outside the church?

4 The police are looking for the thieve _ got into my house last night

5 The chocolate _ you like comes from the United States

6 I have lost the necklace _ my mother gave me on my birthday

7 A burglar is someone _ breaks into a house and steals things

8 Buses _ go to the airport run every half hour

9 I can't find the key _ opens this door

10 I gave you a book _ had many pictures

11 I don't like the boy _ Sue is going out with

12 Did you see the beautiful dress _ she wore yesterday

13 The man _ she is going to marry is very rich

14 This is the bank _ was robbed yesterday

15 He wore a mask _ made him look like Mickey Mouse.

II Fill in the blanks with WHO, WHICH or WHOSE:

1 He arrived with a friend waited outside in the car

2 The man mobile was ringing did not know what to do

3 The car the robbers escaped in was a BMW

4 The woman daughter was crying tried to calm her down

5 The postman works in the village is very old

6 The family car was stolen last week is the Smiths

7 The cowboy is wearing a red shirt looks very funny

8 A bus is a big car carries lots of people

9 The volunteers, enthusiasm was obvious, finished the work quickly

10 Children like music are often good at mathematics

11 The engineers designed the building received an award

12 The girl recited the poem is my niece

13 The townspeople, pride in their community is well- known, raised enough money to build a new town hall

14 The Pacific Ocean, might have been crossed by raft during the Stone Age, is the world's largest ocean

15 The newspaper to we subscribe is delivered regularly.

III Combine These Pairs Of Sentences Using Relative Pronouns:

1 The first boy has just moved He knows the truth

2 I don't remember the man You said you met him at the canteen last week

3 The only thing is how to go home It make me worried

4 The most beautiful girl lives city I like her long hair very much

5 He was Tom I met him at the bar yesterday

6 The children often go swimming on Sundays They have much free time then

7 They are looking for the man and his dog They have lost the way in the forest

8 The tree has lovely flowers The tree stands near the gate of my house

9 My wife wants you to come to dinner You were speaking to my wife

10 The last man has just returned from the farm I want to talk to him at once

11 The students will be awarded the present The students' reports are very valuable

12 The book was a lovely story I was reading it yesterday

13 The botanist will never forget the day He found a strange plant on that day

14 Someone is phoning you He looked for you three hours ago

15 The man works for my father's company The man's daughter is fond of dancing …

IV Viết lại câu sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ thích hợp.

1 He worked for a woman She used to be an artist

2 They called a doctor He lived nearby

3 I wrote an email to my sister She lives in Italy.

4 Linh liked the waiter He was very friendly

5 We broke a car It belonged to my uncle

6 Ba dropped a cup It was new

7 Nam loves books They have happy endings

8 I live in a city It is in the north of Vietnam

9 The man is in the class He is wearing a blue hat

10 The woman works in a hospital She is from India

11 My sister has four sons She lives in Japan

12 The man was rude He was wearing a red shirt

13 The phone is on the table It belongs to An

14 The TV got broken It was my grandfather’s

15 The radio was stolen It was bought 35 years ago

16 The girl gave Binh his phone She is his daughter

17 This is the laptop My mother has just bought it

18 That’s the man His car is a Ferrari

19 I know the woman She lives upstairs

20 It’s the dog I always talk to him at night.

21 She opened the cupboard She kept her best glasses in there

22 This is the house General Giap lived here

23 The flight was canceled We were going to take it

24 I saw the lady in the shop She was Vicki Zhao

25 The man is a director His dog is sick

26 My violin is missing It was my birthday present

27 I first learn English from a book I’ve just reread it

28 The police officer has just arrested a man He robbed the bank

29 These are the shoes I bought them in HCMC

V Hãy nối hai câu bằng dạng rút gọn của mệnh đề quan hệ.

1 She bought the car Her father had recommended it

2 He lost the pen I had given it to him

3 We called the delivery company Nga often uses it

4 Lam met a girl I used to employ her

5 Chi called the lawyer My mother knows him

6 He brought a woman I worked with her last year

7 We employed the pianist Hai introduced her

8 The cake is on the table I bought it.

9 The book belongs to Lan An found it under the chair

10 The food was delicious Huy cooked the food

11 The bike was stolen My parents gave me the bike

12 The man was arrested I reported him to the police

13 The teacher was right Ngan asked him about her problem

14 The writer was very pretty My brother dated her

15 The secretary is in the office Dzung likes her

16 We ate the food I bought the food

ĐÁP ÁN

I Fill in the blanks with WHO, WHICH or THAT:

1 The men _who _ lives next-door are English

2 The dictionary _which _ you gave me is very good

3 Do you know the girls _who _ are standing outside the church?

4 The police are looking for the thieve _who _ got into my house last night

5 The chocolate _which _ you like comes from the United States

6 I have lost the necklace _which _ my mother gave me on my birthday

7 A burglar is someone _that _ breaks into a house and steals things.

8 Buses _that _ go to the airport run every half hour

9 I can't find the key _which _ opens this door

10 I gave you a book _which _ had many pictures

11 I don't like the boy _who _ Sue is going out with

12 Did you see the beautiful dress _which _ she wore yesterday

13 The man _whom _ she is going to marry is very rich

14 This is the bank _which _ was robbed yesterday

15 He wore a mask _which _ made him look like Mickey Mouse

II Fill in the blanks with WHO, WHICH or WHOSE:

1 He arrived with a friend _who _ waited outside in the car

2 The man _whose _ mobile was ringing did not know what to do

3 The car _which _ the robbers escaped in was a BMW

4 The woman _whose _ daughter was crying tried to calm her down

5 The postman _who _ works in the village is very old

6 The family _whose _ car was stolen last week is the Smiths

7 The cowboy _who _ is wearing a red shirt looks very funny

8 A bus is a big car _which _ carries lots of people.

9 The volunteers, _whose _ enthusiasm was obvious, finished the work quickly

10 Children _who _ like music are often good at mathematics

11 The engineers _who _ designed the building received an award

12 The girl _who _ recited the poem is my niece

13 The townspeople, _whose _ pride in their community is well-known, raised enough money to build a new town hall

14 The Pacific Ocean, _which _ might have been crossed by raft during the Stone Age, is the world's largest ocean

15 The newspaper to which _ we subscribe is delivered regularly

III Combine These Pairs Of Sentences Using Relative Pronouns:

1 The first boy who knows the truth has just moved

2 I don't remember the man whom you said you met at the canteen last week

3 The only thing which make me worried is how to go home

4 The most beautiful girl, whose long hair I like very much, lives in this city

5 The man whom I met at the bar yesterday was Tom

6 The children often go swimming on Sundays when they have much free time

7 They're looking for the man and his dog that have lost the way in the forest

8 The tree which stands near the gate of my house has lovely flowers.

9 My wife, whom you were speaking to, wants you to come to dinner

10 I want to talk to the last man who has just returned from the farm

11 The students whose report are very valuable will be awarded the present

12 The book which I was reading yesterday was a lovely story

13 The botanist will never forget the day when he found a strange plant

14 The person who looked for you three hours ago is phoning you

15 The man whose daughter is fond of dancing works for my father's company

IV

1 He worked for a woman who used to be an artist

2 They called a doctor who lived nearby

3 I wrote an email to my sister who lives in Italy

4 Linh liked the waiter who was very friendly

5 We broke a car that belonged to my uncle

6 Ba dropped a cup which was new

7 Nam loves books that have happy endings

8 I live in a city that is in the north of Vietnam

9 The man who is wearing a blue hat is in the class