The content of the thesis clears up theoretical and practical issues about tourism development; Contributing to summing up the Party''s consulate on tourism development from 2006 to 2015.
Trang 11. Rationale for the study
Tourism is seen as one of the vital economic industries, playing an increasingly important role in several countries with its rapid growth rate in the world. The World Tourism Ministers Meeting at OSAKA (Japan) in
1994 stated: Tourism is the largest source of gross domestic product and employment in the world, accounting for 1/10 of each category, at the same time, investing in tourism and tourismrelated tax revenues also increased significantly. Together with other indicators of tourism, these increases are expected to grow steadily and thus tourism will be the driving force for the world economic growth in the twentyfirst century
Vietnam is a country with several potentials and strengths in terms of tourism, located at a junction of international trade, which is convenient for tourists. Additionally, it has abundant, diversified tourism and human resources for tourism development
During the country’s innovation process, the Party and State paid due attention to tourism development, the 6th National Congress of the Party (December 1986) affirmed: It is essential to make use of the country’s favourable conditions to expand tourism with domestic and foreign capital. Directive 46 CT / TW dated 14/10/1994 on leadership, innovation and development of tourism in the new situation of the Secretariat emphasizes: Tourism development is an important strategic direction in the economic growth path to contribute to the industrialization and modernization of the country, making the people rich, the country strong, and the society fair and civilized. The Party Congress (April 2001) stated: Tourism development has really become a spearhead economic industry
In the period 2006 2015, the Party further affirmed that tourism development becomes a spearhead economic sector. Vietnam's tourism has made great strides, has made a breakthrough and developed rapidly, which is shown in the following areas: making big contributions to the country's gross domestic product; creating millions of jobs for workers; protecting an advanced culture imbued with national identity; contributing to maintaining political stability, enhancing the national defense strength, etc. However, there are still several problems posed in tourism development practice such as limitations in leading tourism development activities; product construction and development; building human resources, etc. These shortcomings make Vietnam fail to bring into full play its potentials and strengths in terms of tourism
Trang 2There have been several scientific researches on tourism development with various different approaches. However, there has been
no scientific research on the process of the Party's leadership in tourism development from 2006 to 2015 under the perspective of Party History. Therefore, it is vital to study this issue, evaluating the strengths, limitations and drawing experiences in the process of the Communist Party of Vietnam leading tourism development from 2006 to 2015, making contribution to the review of the Party’s leadership, providing more arguments to supplement and complete the method of promoting tourism development in the coming years
Tasks
Giving an overview of the thesisrelated research situation
Clarifying the factors affecting the Party's leadership in tourism development from 2006 to 2015
Analysing and clarifying the Party's policy and direction on tourism development from 2006 to 2015
Providing comments, evaluating the advantages, limitations, and causes and summarizing the experiences from the Party's leadership in tourism development from 2006 to 2015
3. Object and scope of the study
Object
The leadership of the Communist Party of Vietnam in tourism development
Scope
In terms of content: The Party's policy and directing the tourism
development process. Directive 46 CT / TW dated 14/10/1994 on leadership, innovation and development of tourism in the new situation of the Secretariat has identified 8 contents of tourism including: (1) Tourism planning calendar; (2) tourism products; (3) tourism market; (4) tourism
Trang 3to tourism. In the framework of the thesis, the graduate student focuses on researching the Party's leadership on tourism development on 5 contents: Developing tourism development planning and plans; investment in tourism development; tourism products development; tourism promotion; developing tourism human resources. Because these are the most basic contents, focus and clearly show the Party's leadership in tourism development in this phase
In terms of time: From 2006 to 2015. The PhD student chooses 2006
and 2015 because 2006 is the year that takes place and the beginning of the
X Congress term, 2015 is the year ending the term. The Party's Congress XI period, choosing such a timeline will clearly show the Party's leadership in tourism development through two congresses, Congress X (20062010) and Congress XI (2011 2015). However, to ensure the systematization and to obtain the thesis’s aims, related documents and materials before 2006 and after 2015 are also made used of
In terms of space: On the territory of Vietnam.
4. Theoretical, practical basis and methodology
Theoretical basis
The thesis is conducted basing on the MarxistLeninist theory, Ho Chi Minh's thought on economic, cultural and social development in the transition period to socialism
Practical basis
The Communist Party of Vietnam leadership in tourism development, practical results on tourism development; actual survey results of graduate students; inherit the research results of the related scientific works published previously
Methodology
The thesis is carried out using historical and logical method and a combination of these two methods. Simultaneously, different methods of statistics, comparison, analysis, synthesis, etc are also used The methods used are appropriate to the requirements of the thesis
5. New contributions of the study
Systematizing, analysing and clarifying the Party's guidelines and directions on tourism development from 2006 to 2015
Giving comments and evaluations on the process of the Party's leadership in tourism development from 2006 to 2015 on both the advantages and disadvantages, and clarifying their causes
Drawing experiences from the Party's leadership in tourism development from 2006 to 2015
Trang 4The experiences drawn from the thesis are valuable for reference and application in tourism development in the coming years
The thesis’s results can be used as a reference in researching and teaching the History of the Communist Party of Vietnam at different schools and related institutions
7. The structure of the study
The thesis includes: Introduction, 04 chapters (08 periods), conclusion, a list of published author's scientific works related to the dissertation topic, references and appendices
Chapter 1
AN OVERVIEW OF THE THESISRELATED RESEARCH
SITUATION1.1. The thesisrelated research situation
1.1.1. The studies abroad related to the thesis
Typically:
Leisure and Tourism by Ward. J, Higson P. and Campbell W. (1994); Critical issues in tourism: a geographical perspective: a geographical perspective by Gareth Shaw and Allan M Williams (1994); Global Tourism The next decade by Theobald W. (1994); The Economics of Leisure and Tourism by Tribe J (1995); Tourism in Developing Countries by Martin and Kye Sung Chon (1997); Food Tourism around the World: Development, management and markets by
Hall C Michael, Sharples Liz, Mitchell Richard, Macionis Niki,
Cambourne Brock (2003); Tourism, economic, physical and social impacts by Mathieson. A and Wall. G (2008).
1.1.2. The studies in the country related to the thesis
Here are some typical studies on the position and the role of tourism Tourism for ethnic minorities in Sa Pa district by Pham Thi Mong Hoa and Lam Thi Mai Lan (2000); Tourism development associated with poverty reduction in Lao Cai by Pham Ngoc Thang (2010); Developing Tay Nguyen tourism to 2020 to meet the requirements of international economic integration by Nguyen Duy Mau (2011); Tourism economics in the North Central provinces in international economic integration by Nguyen Thi Hong Lam (2013); Developing Vietnam's sea and island tourism in a new
Trang 5situation by Ha Van Sieu (2014); Assessment of the impact of tourism on economic growth in Vietnam through the intersector balance sheet by Nguyen Thi Huong (2016); Developing border tourism contributes to national defense and security by Ngo Hoai Chung (2016); Cultural heritage management and tourism development in the ancient town of Hoi An, Quang Nam province by Nguyen Thi Thu Ha (2016); The impacts of tourism on the economy, society and environment of Phu Quoc District through the perception of local people by Nguyen Trong Nhan (2017) The studies on the current situation of tourism development
Typically:
Improving the state management of labour in tourism business in Vietnam by Hoang Van Hoan (2002); Promotion and promotion of Vietnam's tourism Need a new direction by Thai Vu Xuan Loc (2009); Image of Vietnam's tourist destination in the eyes of international tourists by Pham Truong Hoang (2012); Factors affecting tourist attraction: Case study of Binh Dinh tourist destination; by Dang Thi Thanh Loan, Bui Thi Thanh (2014); The Economic Impact of Travel and Travel in Vietnam 2016 by World Travel and Tourism Council (2016); Training of human resources for tourism today by Nguyen Son Ha (2016); Tourism training at universities and colleges integration and development by Hoang Thi Lan Huong (2016); Current situation and solutions for Vietnam's tourism development by Nguyen Thi Thu Huong (2017); Current situation and solutions for the development of transport infrastructure to increase attraction of international tourists by Le
Do Muoi (2007); Visitor's assessment for garden tourism in the Mekong Delta by Nguyen Trong Nhan, Tran Thi Hoang Anh (2015).
Thu studies on solutions and experiences in tourism development
Here are some typical works:
Some recommendations for training university human resources to meet the labour demand of the tourism industry by Nguyen Van Manh (2007); Research on building Vietnamese tourism products with regional and international competitiveness by Do Cam Tho (2007); Experience in economic development in tourism in some countries and suggestions for Vietnam by Nguyen Thi Hong Lam, Nguyen Kim Anh (2016); Sustainable tourism development award for the Mekong Delta in the context of integration by Nguyen Quyet Thang (2017); Party Committee of Ba Ria Vung Tau province, leading the development of tourism economy from 1991 to 2015 by Dinh Van
An (2018); Improving the state management for urban tourism infrastructure in
Trang 6in the South Central Coast and Central Highlands Region by Tran Son Hai (2010); Solutions to manage and exploit ecotourism in Vietnamese national parks towards sustainable development by Nguyen Van Hop (2014).
1.2 An overview of the results of the studies published previously and the issues need further addressing in the thesis
1.2.1. An overview of the results of the studies published previously First, in terms of materials: The studies on tourism are various in
documents both domestically and internationally, including books, scientific topics at all levels, and scientific articles which are selected by many graduate students. Tourism development has been studied and approached
by scientists from a number of different angles, space and time
Second, in terms of the approaching way and methodology:
Tourism researches are approached under many different angles such as economics, political economy, culture and using several methods including: Analysis, synthesis, comparison, logic, etc
Third, in terms of content: Some domestic and foreign studies
have quite fully explained the basic theoretical issues of tourism. Some other projects affirm that Vietnam is a country with potentials, strengths and importance in tourism development in Vietnam. Simultaneously, they evaluated the achievements and limitations of the tourism development process in Vietnam and regions and localities with reliable data. Accordingly, many synchronous solutions are proposed in order to speed up tourism development in Vietnam, different regions and localities. Some works have initially introduced the Party and State's guidelines and policies on tourism development in the innovation cause
Conclusion chapter 1Tourism development is seen as a vital strategy in the path of the economic, cultural and social development of many countries, serving as
a driving force to effectively create potentials and favourable conditions
in every aspect of the economy sector. Thus, the studies on tourism development in the world as well as in Vietnam are touched upon in several studies with the diversity of content and approaches. The success
Trang 7of the published works is relatively comprehensive, solving many theoretical and practical issues about tourism development in Vietnam and the world. From an overview of the research works related to the
topic, the PhD student found that the issue "The Communist Party of Vietnam’s leadership in tourism development from 2006 to 2015" is a
"gap" which needs filling and thoroughly researching
Chapter 2THE PARTY’S POLICY AND DIRECTIONS
ON TOURISM DEVELOPMENT (2006 2010)
2.1. The influential factors and the Party's policy on tourism development (2006 2010)
2.1.1. The factors affecting the Party's leadership in tourism development (2006 2010)
2.1.1.1. The concept and the role of tourism
The concept
Being approached from a cultural perspective, the statement Osaka (Japan) of the 1994 World Tourism Ministers Meeting stated that tourism is the offspring of peace, a means of peace and international balance
of payments. Vietnam Tourism Law 2005, in Article 4, Chapter I define: Tourism is activities related to people's trips outside of their regular residence to meet the needs of sightseeing and learning, entertainment and relaxation for a certain period of time. Approaching from an economic perspective, the 1999 Vietnam Ordinance on Tourism identified: Tourism is
an important integrated economic sector. Directive 46 CT / TW, dated
14/10/1994, On leadership, innovation and tourism development in a new situation, affirm: “Tourism is a general economic sector with
interdisciplinary and interregional and high sense of socialization
Therefore, there are several concepts of tourism under different angles, from a cultural and social perspective, the core of tourism is culture, an active form of human relaxation, and tourism is seen as an integrated economic sector under the economic angle
The PhD student exploits the concept of tourism stated in Directive
46 CT / TW, dated October 14, 1994 of the Secretariat, On leadership, innovation and tourism development in the new situation for his research
orientation. Accordingly, the PhD student interprets tourism in three aspects:
First, tourism is a specific economic sector, belongs to the service group,
responsible for exploiting tourism resources into tourism products to meet the needs of tourists, tourism is not a specific industry, it only works when
there is a combination of many other industries Second, the content of
Trang 8technological application to tourism. Third, the effectiveness of tourism is
shown by attracting the number of tourists, the total revenue from tourists and contributing to the economic, cultural and social development
The role
Tourism development has a great impact on each nation’s economy, culture society, environment, defense and security
For economy: Tourism development is an important source of
revenue of the national budget; leading to the development of other professions, because SPDL is interdisciplinary, related to many other economic sectors; contributes to the consolidation and development of international economic relations. In general, tourism activities have the effect of changing the balance of revenues and expenditures of the economy
For culture and society: Tourism development has positive
impacts on solving social problems; contribute to solving sociocultural problems in remote and remote areas, slowing the urbanization process; contribute to the promotion and preservation of traditional cultural values; Tourism activities, to a certain extent, the optimal rest regime contributes to preventing disease, prolonging life expectancy, enhancing health and working capacity of people
For environment, national defense and security: Tourism
development helps people to know the importance of nature, to be aware of protecting nature Tourism activities contributing to ensuring national security and social order and safety, developing tourism in border areas and islands have actively contributed to asserting national sovereignty on sea and land, and time creating a remote defense system for the country
2.1.1.2. The world and regional impacts on tourism development
in Vietnam
Positive impacts: First, peace, cooperation, development and international integration are a major trend in the world; Second, science and technology have experienced strong growth; third, the AsiaPacific
region witnesses dynamic development
Negative impacts: First, world economy and politics have complicated and unpredictable developments; Second, the AsiaPacific and Southeast Asia
regions have complicated developments and several uncertain factors
Trang 92.1.1.3 Potentials, strengths and difficulties, challenges of Vietnamese tourism
Difficulties and challenges of Vietnamese tourism
Economic development is not sustainable; quality, efficiency, low competitiveness, not commensurate with the potential The fields of education and training, science and technology, culture and society are still weak. These things bring difficulties to economic development, society in general and tourism development in particular
2.1.1.4. The current situation of the Party’s leadership in tourism development before 2006
Advantages: The Party has formed and gradually supplemented a
system of views, undertakings and policies; pay attention to and direct tourism development, consider tourism as an important and integrated economic sector; Vietnam's tourism has a good growth rate, making an important contribution to economic growth and solutions to cultural and social problems
Shortcomings: The Party's policies and guidelines on the role
tourism development have not been adequately paid attention to. The 7th Congress of the Party determined that tourism development is necessary and important in order to promote the industrialization and modernization of the country; however, from 1991 to 1994, it has not been implemented, until 1995. , newly built and implemented tourism development planning in Vietnam for the first time. In 2001, the Party determined to develop tourism into a spearhead economic sector, but
Trang 102.1.2. The Party's policy on tourism development (20062010)
The policy of tourism development in the 20062010 periods is clearly shown in the socioeconomic development strategy 20012010 passed by the National Congress (2001); Document of the X Congress (2006) and Central Conferences of the Party in the 20062010 periods. The content of the Party's policy on tourism development in the 2006
2010 periods is shown in the following points:
2.1.2.1. The target
It aims at making tourism into a spearhead economic sector and the country with developed tourism in the region
2.1.2.2. The direction
First, expand and improve tourism quality and development Second, improve the quality and efficiency of tourism on the basis
of exploiting advantages of natural, ecological, cultural and historical traditions
Third, promote tourism to meet domestic tourism needs and
Further effectively implement tourism development planning according to the Vietnam Tourism Development Master Plan for the period
Trang 11The 10th Congress (2006) of the Party determined: Deploy the socioeconomic development planning and plans to maximize all comparative advantages and resources of the country, each region and each locality. At the same time, to overcome the overlap between sector planning On that basis, in order to further concretize the Vietnam Tourism Development Strategy 2001 2010, in 2006, the Prime Minister
issued Decision No. 121/2006 / QDTTg dated May 29, 2006, Approval
of the National Action Program on Tourism 20062010.
The 4th Conference of the Party Central Committee, term X February
5, 2007 issued Resolution No. 08NQ / TW, defining major policies and policies that ministries and branches must implement to achieve rapid economic development when Vietnam joins the World Trade Organization. Implementing that Resolution, the Government issued Resolution No. 16/2007 / NQCP dated February 27, 2007, defining the Government's Action Program to implement the Resolution of the Fourth Conference of the Party Central Committee, term X Following that, Decision No. 564/2007 / QDBVHTTDL dated September 21, 2007, promulgating the tourism industry's action program to implement the government's action program after Vietnam joins the World Trade Organization in the 20072012 period
2.2.2. Make use of the investment resources and prioritize the tourism infrastructure investment
The Party directs investment in tourism development to focus on investment in tourism infrastructure systems, mountainous, remote and potential areas
Resolution No. 01/2006 / NQCP, dated January 16, 2006, On major solutions to direct and administer the implementation of the 2006 socioeconomic plan and state budget, defining the focus for with tourism development in 2006 is to attract resources for investment in tourism
development. Simultaneously, the Government has assigned the General Department of Tourism to develop a scheme to encourage foreign investors
to invest in key national tourist areas, and report to the Government in the second quarter of 2006. It is vital to promote incentive policies encourage investors to invest in small and mediumsized tourist sites and resorts, reporting to the Government in the fourth quarter of 2006
In order to direct unified and coherent investment in economic development and tourism development, on September 12, 2006, the
Prime Minister issued Decision No 210/2006 / QDTTg, On
Trang 12promulgating the principles, criteria and norms for the allocation of development investment expenditures with the State budget for the 2007
2010 period. It is decided that the capital allocation mechanism for
tourism infrastructure, including supported audience, content, guidelines, and levels of supporting
On September 26, 2007, Decision No 1290 / QDTTg, On promulgating the list of countries calling for foreign investment in the 20062010 periods, clearly state the list of tourism projects calling for
water investment. In addition, including a total of 22 projects to build national tourist resorts across the country. Next, the Action Program of the tourism industry when Vietnam joined the World Trade Organization (WTO) period 2007 2012, defines a specific target for tourism development investment in this period. The Party's direction on tourism development investment has obtained significant achievements
2.2.3. Promote diversification of various tourism types and products
The Party focuses on directing the development of diversified forms and tourism products including; develop tourism products in tourist areas, national tourist resorts, tourist routes and improve the quality of tourism products
Deploy the policy of diversifying and improving the quality of types and tourism products identified by the Party Congress X (2006), the National Tourism Action Program 20062010 specifies, one of the topic issues. The main factors to develop tourism in the 20062010 periods are: Diversifying and improving the quality of tourism products, building unique tourism products that can compete with other countries
in the region and the world
During the years 2007 2008, the Government continued to implement the orientation to diversify types of tourism, giving priority to the development of ecological, cultural, and island tourism products.
issues. Resolution No. 02/2008 / NQCP dated 19/01/2008, On the main solutions to direct and administer the implementation of the socioeconomic development plan and the 2008 State budget estimate, affirming: To combat
Trang 13degradation of historical and cultural monuments associated with tourism development to promote effectively the value of the national cultural
heritages. Resolution No. 03 / NQCP dated 15/01/2010, On the main solutions to direct and administer the implementation of the socioeconomic development plan and the 2010 state budget estimate further emphasize :
Diversifying types of tourism, tourism products, linking tourism with culture, beliefs, and sense of origin
2.2.4. Promotion and propaganda of tourism
The Party has directed comprehensively on tourism promotion and tourism policy from regulations, contents and methods of implementation, from promoting promotion and tourism on newspapers, magazines, television, on the internet, cultural events, sports, tourism, and international TV channels. Tourism promotion and tourism management in the 20062010 periods have been actively deployed, making practical contributions to attracting tourists, creating a lever for tourism development
Further implement tourism promotion and tourism services identified in the Vietnam Tourism Development Strategy 2001
2010 in the direction of: promoting tourism promotion, propaganda and promotion with flexible forms; close coordination between related levels and branches, etc
In the years 20062010, tourism promotion and tourism management are one of the main contents that the Government, ministries, departments and branches focus on implementing. Resolution
No. 01/2006 / NQCP, dated January 16, 2006, On the main solutions to direct and administer the implementation of the 2006 socioeconomic plan and state budget, identify one of the key tasks for tourism
development in 2006 are: Promoting propaganda, advertising and tourism promotion. Resolution No. 03/2007 / NQCP, dated January 19,
2007, On the main solutions to direct and administer the implementation
of the 2007 socioeconomic plans and state budget, clearly stating: 2007,
ministries, branches, agencies and provincial People's Committees focused mainly on promoting Vietnam tourism
In 2009, Decision No 122/2009 / QDTTg, dated October 9,
2009, On promulgating regulations on the development and implementation of the National Tourism Promotion Program for the period 2009 2010, and identified promotion programs Funding
assistance is provided for QBDL
Trang 14In 2010, Resolution No. 03 / NQCP, dated 15/01/2010, On major solutions to direct and administer the implementation of the socio economic development plan and the 2010 state budget estimate, continue
to promote tourism. Decision 2323 / QDBVHTTDL, dated July 5, 2010,
Approving the 2010 National Tourism Promotion Program, clearly
identified the promotion content in 2010
2.2.5. Improve the quality of training and human resources for tourism development
In the spirit of the X Congress (2006) of the Party, the training and development of tourism human resources focuses on developing tourism training institutions, innovating training programs, content and standardoriented training methods At the same time, develop a contingent of teachers, trainers, and trainers in tourism, provide training according to social needs, and develop tourism professional standards and international cooperation for tourism training.
Resolution No. 01/2006 / NQCP, dated January 16, 2006, On major solutions to direct and administer the implementation of the 2006 socioeconomic plan and state budget, defining the focus for with
tourism development in 2006 is the training and development of tourism human resources. The National Action Program on tourism 2006 2010 emphasizes that one of the main tasks for tourism development is to train and develop human resources for tourism
The Action Program of the tourism industry after Vietnam joined the World Trade Organization for the period 20072012 affirms: The key task to develop tourism is to strengthen the capacity of the workforce in the Industry. Accordingly, the specific task is determined to build and organize the implementation of the Tourism Human Resource Development Program
to 2015 with a vision to 2020. Simultaneously, it also indicates the tasks and the specific time for construction and implementation of the Development Program of Human Resource for Vietnam Tourism
Conclusion chapter 2During the years 2006 2010, the world and the region had many complicated and unpredictable developments, with both advantages and challenges for tourism development. Our Party has step by step perfected the guidelines and policies for tourism development, of which the Party's overall goal is to develop tourism into a key economic sector in line with promoting the country's potentials and strong points. The Party has identified directions, tasks and solutions for tourism development in the 20062010 period, at the same time