Mot trong nhung bieu hien sinh dong cua cuoc chien tranh nhan dan thdi k}' khang chien chdng thuc dan Phap xam luge la cuoc chien dau cua quan dan ta dudi su lanh dao cua eac dang bo dia
Trang 1DAI HOC QUOC GIA HA NOI TRUdNG DAI HOC KHOA HOC XA HOI VA NHAN VAN
NGUYEN TIEN TRUONG
CHIEN TRANH NHAN DAN TREN TUYEN DirC)NG HA NOI - HAI PHONG
DU6l SU LANH DAG CUA DANG
(1946-1954)
LUAN AN THAC SI KHOA HOC LICK SU
Chuyen ngdnh Lich suDdng Cong sdn Viet Nam
Trang 2Toi xin cam doan day Id cdng trinh nghien cihi cua rieng tdi Cdc so lieu, ket qua neu trong ludn dn id trung thuc vd chua thing duac ai cdng bo trong bat ky cdng trinh ndo khdc
Ha Ngi, ngay 14 thdng 4 nam 1997
TAG GIA LUAN AN
NGUYEN Tie'NTRadNG
Trang 3MUC LUC
MODAU Trangl
ChUong 1: TUYEN DUdNG HA NOI - HAI PHONG VA TINH HINH
ChUong 2: CHCEN T R A N H N H A N D A N T R E N TUYEN DUONG HA
NOI-HAIPHONG DUdlSULANHDAO CUA DANG (12-1946 7-1954) 22
2.1- Phdt dgng vd Idnh dqo qudn dan cdc dia phuong doc tuyen dudng
thuc Men cuoc khdng chien todn ddn, todn dien, chdng dich
binh dinh vd van tdi (1946-1950) 22
2.2- Ldnh dqo qudn ddn cdc dia phuong vuqt qua kho khan, tiep tuc
day mqnh chien tranh nhdn ddn tren tuyen dudng, gop phdn tich cue
dua khdng chien den thdng Iqi (1950-1954) 58
Chuong 3: MOT s o BAI HOC KINH NGHIEM VE LANH DAO CHIEN TRANH *
NHAN DAN TREN TUYEN DUONG HA NOI- HAI PHONG (1946-1954) 8 7
KET LUAN 109 THUMUC 116
PHULUC 7 2 2
Trang 4M O D A U > - >
/- Y NGHIA, MUC DICH CUA DETAL
Chien tranh nhan dan la cuoc chien tranh chinh nghia, do nhan dan tien hanh, vi loi ich cua nhan dan, dau tranh vdi dich bang moi hinh thuc va bien phap
phu hop, CO luc luong vu trang nhan dan lam nong cot a Viet Nam, tren co scf
ke thira kinh nghiem lau doi ciia dan toe va van dung sang tao nhung nguyen ly cua Chu nghla Mae Le Nin ve chien tranh va each mang, v6 vai tro cua quan ehung trong lich su, chien tranh nhan dan da duac Dang Cong san Viet Nam thuc hien, phat trien tod dinh cao trong hai cuoc khang chien chdng thuc dan Phap va
de quoc My xam lucp^c (1945-1975), do la chien tranh nhan dan, toan dan, toan dien, toan dan danh giac
Chien tranh nhan dan la noi dung ea ban, bao trum va xuyen sudt trong dudng loi quan su cua Dang ta Duong Idi, quan diem chien tranh nhan dah, toan dan danh giac cua Dang da chi phdi moi mat dod song xa hoi cua dat nuac sudt
30 nam chien tranh bao ve To qude va giai phong dan toe (1945-1975) Quan tr^et sau sic tu tudng chien tranh toan dan, toan dien, van dung sang tao dudng loi chien tranh nhan dan trong thuc tiln cua nude nho danh lai su xam luac cua nude Idn la thanh eong doc dao, la nguyen nhan cd y nghia quyet dinh dua tdi thdng lod cua cae cuoc khang chien chdng thuc dan Phap va de qude My xam luge Tu tudng, dudng Idi do vln eon nguyen y nghla to Idn trong su nghiep xay dung va bao ve To qude Viet Nam XHCN hien nay
Mot trong nhung bieu hien sinh dong cua cuoc chien tranh nhan dan thdi k}' khang chien chdng thuc dan Phap xam luge la cuoc chien dau cua quan dan ta dudi su lanh dao cua eac dang bo dia phuong tren tuyen dudng Ha Noi-Hai Phong, tuyen dudng giao thong van tai huyet mach ndi hen thanh phd cang Hai
Pi dng vdd thanh phd Ha Noi, Thu do cua nude ta, trung tarn chinh tri, quan su, kinh te cua ke dich d chien trudng chinh Bac Bo Tren tuyen dudng nay, thuc dan
Phap da dung moi lire lugng, moi bien phap dt bao ve, bien tuyen dudng thanh
Trang 53 m6t cong cu, mot dia ban quan su trong yeu kim kep nhan dan ta, va vet siJc ngudi, siic cua thuc hien cuoc chien tranh xam luge cua chiing
Ddi vdi ta, day cung chinh la mot mat tran danh pha giao thong van tai, chdng can quet, binh dinh cua dich het sue ndng bong, quyet Uet, lien tuc vdi nliieu hy sinh t6n that song cung rat anh dung, sang tao cua quan dan eac dia phuong theo dudng Idi chien tranh nhan dan cua Dang Cuoc chien tranh nhan dan didn ra tren tuyen dudng da lam rang danh tuyen dudng mot thdi vdi nhung
su tich "dudng 5 ndi song", " tieng sam dudng 5" gdp phan quan trong vao chien thang ehung cua cuoc khang chien
Chon va giai quyet de tai Chien tranh nhdn ddn tren tuyen dudng Hd
Npi'Hdi Phdng dudi su ldnh dqo ciia Dang (1946-1954) la nham tai hien mot
each CO he thdng cuoc chien dau cua quan dan ta d khu vue cd tuyen dudng di qua theo dudng Idi chien tranh nhan dan cua Dang, dudi su lanh dao, to chuc true tiep cua eac Dang bo dia phuong nhu Bac Ninh, Hung Yen, Hai Duong, Kien An, Hai
Phdng Tu do nit ra mot sd ket luan, bai hoe kinh nghiem vt su lanh dao cua Diing ddi vdi cuoc khang chien chdng thuc dan Phap xam luge a mot khu vue dac
thu, quan trong, cd y nghia chien luge, gdp phan lam sang to them lich su dau tranh anh dung, bat khuat cua Dang bg va quan dan eac dia phuong hai ben tuyen dudng, tang them niem tu hao va y thuc xay dung, bao ve To qude ndi ehung, vao n; iem vu xay dung va bao ve viing tuyen dudng chien luge nay hien nay ndi ri'mg Dd chinh la mue dieh, y nghia cua de tai luan an, vira cd y nghia khoa hoc, vira cd y nghia thuc ti6n thiet thuc
// LICH SU NGHIEN CUV VAN DE
Chien tranh nhan dan, toan dan danh giac la nhu cau khach quan cua chien tranh chinh nghia, cua nude nhd chdng lai nude Idn Trong cuoc khang chien chdng thuc dan Phap xam luge, dd la chu truong, dudng loi khang chien do Dang
va Chu tich Hd Clii Minh de ra ngay tu nhung ngay dau khi cuoc khang chien roar, qude vira biing no Dudng Idi dd da duge thuc tien cuoc khang chien kiem n^^niem la hoan toan diing dan, de lai nhieu kinh nghiem cd gia tri Chinh vi vav
Trang 6lau nay, mang de tai nay da duge rat nhieu nha nghien cuu quan tam, nhat la gidi nghien cuu lich su quan su
Cuoc khang chien chdng thuc dan Phap la cuoc chien tranh nhan dan cd bieu hien phong phii, sinh dgng nen vice nghien cuu da duge thuc hien dudi nhieu gde do khae nhau Vung dong bang Bac Bg, mot trong nhiing noi bieu hien tap trung tinh chat, hinh thai cua chien tranh nhan dan trong cuoc khang chien chdng thuc dan Phap, cung da duge nghien cuu vdi nhung cong trinh ehung v6 quan su tren pham vi toan Quan khu EQ, nhung cong trinh nghien cuu timg giai doan, timg dia phuong, timg khu vue, nhung sach ve lich sir eac dang bg dia phuong Tong hgp eac cong trinh, eac gde do nghien cuu dd lai, chinh la buc tranh chan thuc, da dien cua cuoc khang chien d dia ban chien luge nay Trong
do do vi tri dac thu cua tuyen dudng Ha Ngi-Hai Phdng ma eac boat dgng khang
chien tren khu vue tuyen dudng cua quan dan eac dia phuong da trd thanh mot
bg phan cau thanh quan trong cua buc tranh Idn Su lanh dao cua Dang ddi vdi
cuoc chien tranh nhan dan tren tuyen dudng Ha Noi- Hai Phdng nhung nam
1946-1954, vdi dac diem nhu vay, nen it, nhieu eiing da duge eac nha nghien cuu de cap den, nhat la d eac cong trinh lich sir cua eac dang bg, eac co quan quan su dia phuong
Qua trinh nghien cuu dd dien ra chu yeu qua hai thdi diem Thdi diem chu nhat la vao nhung nam dau ciia thap ky 60, eac Tinh uy, Tinh dgi eac tinh Hung
Yen, Hai Duong, Kien An da tien hanh t6 chuc tdng ket chien tranh a dia
phuong thdi ky khang chien chdng thuc dan Phap Ket qua cua dgt nghien cuu,
tdng ket nay duqc the hien d eac ban "Du thao tong ket lich sir du kich chien
tranh" cua eac tinh, hien luu tru tai Ban tuyen giao eac dia phuong Nhung cong trinh nay la eac ban tap hgp nhung tu Ueu chinh ve eac su kien lich sir chien tranh,
do nhung ngudi true tiep lanh dao, chi huy d dia phuong thdi khang chien suu tam, bien soan
Thdi diem quan trong thu hai la vao nhung nam cudi cua thap ky 80 dau thap ky 90 Vao thdi ky nay, hang loat cong trinh lich sir dia phuong thdi ky
trudc 1954 duqc bien soan, an hanh, nhat la lich sir cae Dang bg tinh va cdc huyen, lich sir cae don vi, lich sir Quan khu III, , trong dd cd d6 cap nhieu den
Trang 75 cdc su kien chien tranh nhan dan vung doc tuyen dudng Ha Noi - Hai Phdng Tieu bieu la: Quan khu HI- lich sir khang chien chdng thuc dan Phap (Bg Tu lenh Quan Khu m , Nxb QDND, Ha Noi, 1990) Trung doan 42- Trung Dung (Bg Tu lenh Quan khu m , Nxb QDND, 1995) Lich su Dang bg tinh Hai Hung (tap I, Nxb Hai Hung, 1990) Lich sir Dang bg Hai Phdng (tap 1, Nxb Hai Phdng, 1991) Lich sir Dang bg eac huyen Gia Lam (1989), My Van (1993), Cam Giang (1993), Thi xa Hai Duong (1988), Nam Thanh (1991), Kim Mon (1993), An Hai (1990)
Ngoai ra con cd mot sd cong trinh nghien cuu, tong ket ve dau tranh vu trang cua Bg chi huy quan su cae tinh, lim hanh noi bg va mot sd bai dang tren cae tap chi khoa hgc
Cae cong trinh tren deu da nhaii manh den boat dgng, thanh tich chien dau cua quan dan cae dia phuong viing cd tuyen dudng Ha Noi- Hai Phdng di qua, da cung cap duge mot khdi lugng tu Ueu quan trgng va nhieu thong tin cd gia tri khi ngliien euru cuoc chien tranh nhan dan tren tuyen dudng thdi ky 1946-1954 Tuy nhien eac cong tlrinh cua Quan khu, don vi, do gde do nghien cuu rieng, nang ve mat quan su nen khdng di sau trinh bay ve su lanh dao cua eac Dang bg Con cdc cong trinh cua cae Dang bg tinh, huyen, do gidi han hanh chinh lai tap trung quan tam cae van de trong pham vi rieng cua dang bg, dia phuong minh Chinh vi
nhung ly do do ma su lanh dao cua Dang ddi vdi cuoc chien tranh nhan dan chdng
binh dinh, can quet, pha hoai giao thong van tai dich tren dgc myen dudng cd luc chi trinh bay tren nhiing net ehung, lai cd liic bi eat thanh timg khiic, timg phan de nghien cuu, trinh bay, nen khdng tranh khdi nhiing lan Ion, trung lap hoac bd sdt, phien dien Vi vay, de tai luan an van edn rat nhieu van de mdi can giai quyet va
qi:a trinh thuc hien vira cd thuan Igi la duge ke thua nhung ket qua cua cae cong
tr:nh trudc, dong thdi lai phai suu tam them tu Heu, hen he, tdng hgp su kien trong tong the ea tuyen, vdi gde do lich sir Dang, do dd cung gap khdng it khd khan
/ / / - Gidfl HAN CUA DE TAI
Cuoc khang chien chdng thuc dan Phap xam luge cua quan dan cdc dia phuong vimg cd tuyen dudng Ha Ndi- Hai Phdng di qua la rat phong phii, toan
Trang 8dien Su lanh dao cua eac Dang bg dia phuong ddi vdi cuoc khang chien d vimg nay cung lien quan den nhieu Unh vue chinh tri, kinh te, van hod, xa hoi, hen quan den ea nhieu tinh, nhieu huyen trong vung Luan dn nay khdng di sau vao tat
ea nhung van de va cdc vung rgng Idn dd, ma chi tap trung nghien cuu va trinh bay su lanh dao, t6 ehiic cua Dang, true tiep la cua cdc dang bg dia phuong cap tinh, thanh phd nhu Hung Yen, Hai Duong, Kien An, Hai Phdng va mot sd huyen, thi nhu Gia Lam, Yen My, My Hao, Cam Giang, Thi xa Hai Duong, Nam Sdeh, Thanh Ha, Kim Thanh, An Duong ddi vdi cuoc chien tranh nhan dan tren myen dudng
Noi dung de cap la xung quanh cdng tdc lanh dao xay dung luc lugng, bam dat, bdm dan, chdng dich binh dinh, can quet, chiem ddng va van tai tren tuyen dudng sat va dudng bg sd 5, nhu la bieu hien cu the, sinh dgng, tieu bieu cua cuoc khang chien d vung tam bi chiem theo dudng Idi chien tranh nhan dan cua Dang
Ve thdi gian, ke tu 6-3-1946, thuc dan Phap da bat dau sir dung myen
dudng nay de thuc hien muu do cudp nude ta va den 13- 5-1955 chiing mdi nit \\6t
luc lugng khdi Hai Phdng, trong dd cd khu vue cdc nha ga va doan dudng sd 5 thuge pham vi Hai Phdng, song luan an eiing chi nghien cuu giai doan tir 19-12-
1946 den 20-7-1954, la thdi gian cd cuoc khdng chien cua quan dan ta tren tu^^en dudng
Nhung vung phu can va thdi gian trudc cung nhu sau khoang thdi gian dd
duge luan an de cap d nhiing trudng hgp va mue do can thiet khi cd hen quan
IV - NGUON TULIEU, CO SO LY LUAN VA PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUU
Luan an duge thuc hien dua tren cdc ngudn tu lieu chu yeu nhu: cdc Van
kien cua Dang Cong san Viet Nam thdi ky 1945- 1954, Hd Chi Minh toan tap tap
4 (1945-1947), tap 5 (1948-1950), tap 6 (1951-1954), mot sd tdc pham cd lien quan ve quan sir, khang chien cua cdc vi lanh dao cua Dang, Nha nude, quan doi
ta thdi ky chdng thuc dan Phap ciing nliung chi thi, nghi quyet cua Lien khu uy
m , Khu Ta Ngan, cdc Dang bg Hung Yen, Hai Duong, Kien An, Hai Phdng, Ha Noi, Bde Ninh
Trang 9Quan trgng la cdc bdo cdo tdng ket chien tranh cua cdc dia phuong, don
vi, cdc sdch lich su Dang bg cdc tinh, huyen, cdc bdo, tap chi d TW va dia phuong
cd Hen quan Ngoai ra luan dn edn sir dung nhimg tu heu thuc te khao sdt cua tdc gia tai mot sd xa tren tuyen dudng nhu Gia Thuy (gia Ldm), Minh Hai (My Hao), Cam Dien, Cam Dinh (Cam Giang), Ai Qude (Nam Sdch), An Ddng (An Duong), Lai Vu (Kim Thanh) Mot sd hoi ky, cdc tai heu phdng van, toa dam qua gap go mot sd edn bg lanh dao, chi huy cii cua cdc dia phuong, don vi da boat dgng tren
tuyen dudng truoc day cung duge sir dung trong nghien cuu thuc hien d6 tai
Co sd ly luan cua luan dn la rihimg nguyen ly co ban ciia chu nghia Mdc
Lenin, cua Dang ta va cua Chu tich Hd chi Minh ve chien tranh, edeh mang va quan dgi Trong dd quan trgng la quan diem lich sir, quan diem edeh mang la su nghiep cua quan chiing, tu tudng chien tranh nhan dan, quan dgi nhan dan, toan dan ddnh giac, hau phuong trong Idng dan, tu tudng "tha hy sinh tat ea chu nhat dinh khdng chiu mat nude, nhat dinh khdng chiu lam no le"
Phuong phdp nghien cuu chu yeu cua luan dn la phuong phdp lich sir va phuong phdp Idgieh, va ket hgp hai phuong phdp dd Ngoai ra luan dn edn sir dung cdc phuong phdp khdc cd hen quan nhu thdng ke, so sdnh, so dd, d6 phan tich, gidm dinh sir heu va trinh bay ket qua nghien cuu
«
V - DONG GOP CUA LUAN AN
Day la mot van de da duge de cap khd nhieu trong cdc cdng trinh da cd,
song di sau vao giai quyet nhu la mot van de chuyen biet, dac thu cua chien tranh nlian dan eiing edn rat nhieu dieu mdi me va phiic tap Ddng gdp cua luan dn la d viee cung cap them nhiing tu heu mdi, cu the, la viee trinh bay mot edeh cd he thdng nhung su kien eiing nhu toan bg qud trinh didn bien cuoc khdng chien anh diing, sdng tao ciia quan dan ta tren tuyen dudng Ha Ndi- Hai Phdng dudi su lanh dao, td chuc cua cdc Dang bg dia phuong theo dudng loi chien tranh nhan dan cua T^.V Dang va Chu tich Hd Chi Minh trong nhimg nam chdng thuc dan Phap xam luoc (1946-1954)
Trang 10Tir do neu len nhiing ket luan, ddnh gid nhan xet khoa hgc, nit ra nhiing bai hgc kinh nghiem lich su trong viee lanh dao khang chien cua Dang, nhat la su van dung dudng Idi chu truong ehung vao hoan canh vung tam bi chiem, vao boat dgng chdng phd giao thdng van tai dich cua cdc Dang bg dia phuong
Thong qua cdc su kien lich sir va nhiing ddnh gid, nhan dinh, bai hgc kinh nghiem, luan dn nhdm gdp phan vao viee gido due truy^n thdng yeu nude, tinh thdn anh diing, bat khuat, su hy sinh, sdng tao trong ddnh giac, giii lang, phd giao thdng dich cua edn bg, dang vien, quan dan vung dgc myen dudng Ddng thdi qua
dd ma tham gia phd bien lich su va kinh nghiem lich sir cho cdc the he hien tai, nang cao niem tu hao, y thuc kinh trgng cdng lao xuong mdu cua cha dng, de ra
siic xay dung va bao ve tuyen dudng, xay dung va bao ve que huong, dat nuac
ngay mot hien dai, giau dep, van minh theo eon dudng XHCN
VI BO cue CUA LUAN AN
Luan dn cd 138 trang Ngoai phan Md dau, Ket luan, Phu luc, Thu mue, luan dn cd 3 chuong la:
Chuong 1: Tuyen dudng Ha Ngi-Hai Phdng va tinh hinh kinh te - xa hoi vung tuyen dudng di qua
Chuong 2: Chien tranh nhan dan tren tuyen dudng Ha Ndi- Hai Phdng dudi su lanh dao cua Dang (12-1946 - 7-1954)
Chuong 3 : Mot sd bai hgc kinh nghiem ve lanh dao chien tranh nhan dan tren tuyen dudng Ha Ngi-Hai Phdng (1946-1954)
Trang 110
Chuong 1:
TUYEN DirdNG HA NOI - HAI PHONG
VA TINH HINH KINH T E - XA HOI VUNG TUYEN DUCfNG DI QUA
Dudng 5, "dudng thuge dia sd 5" do chinh quyen thuc dan Phdp dat ten la con dudng bg ndi hen thanh phd Ha Ndi vdi cang Hai Phdng Song song vdi nd edn CO mot tuyen dudng sdt, thudng ggi la dudng Ha - Hai Nhung nhieu khi danh tir Dudng 5 eiing duge diing de chi ea tuyen dudng Ha Ndi- Hai Phdng, bao gdm ea dudng bg sd 5 va dudng sdt Ha Noi - Hai Phdng ( )
Tuyen dudng Ha Ndi- Hai Phdng la mot he thdng dudng bg va dudng sdt, trong dd dudng bg sd 5 duge tinh tiir Cdu Chui den trung tam Hai Phdng va dudng sdt la tir ga Hang Cd den ga Hai Phdng Dudng bg Ha Ndi- Hai Phdng cd tii xua, duge thuc dan Phdp cho xay dung thanh dudng d td trong qud trinh xam chiem, binh dinh xu Bde Ky cudi the ky XIX Dudng sdt duge chiing xay dung mugn hon
va khi xay dung dudng sdt thi dudng bg eiing duge nang cap, hoan thien them Trudc dd, viee giao luu giiia Ha Ndi va Hai Phdng chu yeu la bdng dudng thuy, theo cdc sdng, kenh cua he thdng sdng Hong, sdng Dudng, sdng Thai Binh ven bien
Ngay sau khi dat chan deii Ddng Duong (2-1897), toan quyen Pdn Dume (Paul Doumer) da di kinh ly, khao sdt nhieu noi de ndm bdt tinh hinh va chi sau hon mot thdng da de trinh Chinh phu Phdp mot ke hoach 7 diem Idn, trong dd diem thu 5 de cap den viee "tao lap mot thiet bi to Idn" de khai thdc thuge dia Ddng Duong Ndi dung chinh cua ke hoach tao lap "mot thiet bi to Idn" la lap tuyen dudng sdt xuyen Viet, tir Sai Gdn qua Trung ky ra Ha Ndi rdi ndi vdi tuyen
Ha Ndi - Ddng Dang dang hoan thien Tuyen thu hai la tir Hai Phdng di Ha Ndi rdi nguge thung liing sdng Hong de xam nhap vao Van Nam (Trung Qude) Tuyen thu ba tir Quang Tri di Xavanakhet, tuyen thir tu tir Quy Nhon di Kontum
' - Vj du "Sain dirrrng 5", "Chien tranh men ducmg 5" la bao harn ca tuyen sat bo, bm la cum tir chi phr.u^^ • nio
ehung cua quan ddn tadoc ruyendircmg s6 5
Trang 12De lam duge nhung viee dd trudc het phai cd nhieu tien ma Chinh phu Phdp thi dang khd khan ve tai chinh, do dd chinh quyen Ddng Duong da tim edeh vay cdc tap doan tu ban tai chinh trong nude Phdp Vi vay sau nay myen Hai
Phdng-Ha Ndi-Van Nam duge chinh quyen thuge dia nhugng lai cho cdc tap
doan tu ban kinh doanh khai thdc, chia loi cho chinh phu Ddng Duong, ggi la dudng sdt nhugng dia, edn cdc myen khdc d Ddng Duong do chinh quyen bd vdn hoan toan, true tiep quan ly, ggi la dudng sdt bat nhugng
Dudng sdt Ha Ngi-Hai Phdng dai 102 km, duge khdi cdng xay dung tir
1901 va den ngay 16-6-1902 toan tuyen duge dua vao khai thdc vdi 26 diem dd tau, gdm 4 ga chinh, 16 ga xep, 6 diem dimg Trudc khi cd tuyen dudng sdt nay, giua Ha Ndi va Hai Phdng phai di lai bdng dudng sdng Hdng, miia mua phai mat
18 gid, miia can mat 24 gid, cd khi tdi 48 gid, Khi cd dudng sat chi tdn cd 4 gid
ma lai thuan tien nhieu mat
Ciing thdi gian dd tuyen dudng bg sd 5 Ha Ngi-Hai Phdng cung duge hoan thien, nang cap them mot bude quan trgng Tir Cau Chui (Gia Lam) den trung tam thanh phd Hai Phdng, dudng bd sd 5 dai 103 km
Dgc theo tuyen dudng sdt, bg Ha Ndi - Hai Phdng cd the chia lam 3 doan: Doan 1, tir Ha Ngi-Gia Lam den Dinh Du, dai khoang 20km Doan nay drong sat va dudng bd chay song song, ke nhau, cd cho chi edeh nhau mot ranh thodt nude nhd Day la khu vue cd dia hinh bang phdng, nen dat cao, lang xdm tap trung ddng diie d doan nay cd cau Ghenh, cau Bay, dac biet la cau Long Bien-cay cau dai nhat, quan trgng nhat mien Bac nude ta trudc ngay giai phdng, ndi cae
- KV hieu |6J.18-l9f co y nghia nhu sau: SO 03 la chi ten tai lieu tnctidan, da thong ke oThirrnuc cuoi iuan aa
gom icn lac gia, L6n lie pham (tai lieu), noi xuat ban, nam xual ban So 18-19 la chi sO trang co doan trich dan a
tai li^u do Cu the ky hieu |63.18-191 co aghia ia: Phiing Hi'ru Phu DiToog Kinh Qude, Ngo Dang Tri IJch ^lir DiroiiK Sdt Vict Niira Nxb Lao Ddng, Ha N6i, 1994 tr 18-19
Trang 13Day la mot doan dudng mdn vdn duge hinh thanh tir trudc thdi Phdp thuge,
la su tiep ndi, md rgng, nang cao mot vet dudng cii, ndi nhiing trung tam thu cdng nghiep va budn bdn vdn cd truyen thdng d khu vue ta ngan sdng Hdng Doan dudng nay chay qua hon chuc eon sdng nhd va kenh dao nhd cdc cdu nhu cau Ban, cau Ludng, cau Mao Dien va Idn hon ea la cdu Ghe (dai 102m), edeh thi xa Hai Duong 12km, ve phia Ha Ndi
Dudng sdt tir Dinh Dii, thdng xudng Hai Duong qua dat Van Lam- mot vimg dat triing, thua dan Dudng sdt d doan nay cd 2 cay cau la cdu Ba Sinh, cau Cam Giang va cd cdc ga Nghia Ld, Xuan Dao (Van Lam), Cam Giang, An Diem, Ddng Nien (thuge huyen Cam Giang) va ga Hai Duong
Doan 3, tir dau phia tay cau Phii Luong den Hai Phdng, dai khoang 46km Til day, dudng sdt va dudng bg chap trd lai Sau khi vugt qua sdng Thdi Binh va sdng Rang ea dudng sdt va dudng bg ben chay ben nhau, theo sdng Kinh Tliay, sdng Van Duong, sdng Cam thdng xudng Hai Phdng Day la doan dudng chiu anh hudng sdng nude nhieu hon ea, bdi viing dat etra sdng, nen thap, bi chia cdt lien tuc Sau ga Hai Duong la cdc ga Tien Tmng (Nam Sdch), Lai Khe, Pham Xd, Phii
Tl^di (Kim Thanh), Du Nghia, Vat Cdch, Thugng Ly (An Duong), Hai Phdng
O doan 3 nay cd cdu Phii Luong va cau Lai Vu la cdc cdu giii vi tri rat hiem yeu, vi dudng bg va dudng sdt cung ehung mot cau Trong chien tranh, toan tuyen dudng Ha Ndi- Hai Phdng se bi ngimg tre neu 1 trong 3 cay cdu la cau Long Bien, cau Lai Vu va cau Phii Luong bi deb tdc, bi sap,
Theo cdch phan chia dia gidi hanh chinh trudc nam 1955, tuyen dudng Ha Noi- Hai Phdng thuge 58 xa, vdi dien tich khoang 500 km2 va dan sd khoang 30 van ngudi Cdc xa nay lai thuge 11 huyen ciia cdc tinh, thanh Ha Ndi, Bde Ninh,
Trang 14Hung Yen, Hai Duong, Kien An, Hai Phdng Cdc huyen dd cd dien tich gdn
L300 km2, dan sd (trudc 1955) khoang 60 van ngudi
Dai the, dudng Ha Ngi-Hai Phdng ndm tren viing phia bde cua ddng bdng
Bde Bg, chay theo hudng tay ddng Day la viing dat tuong ddi bdng phdng, vdi do
cao phd bien til 3m den Im so vdi mat nude bien Viing dat nay cd dia hinh hoi
ngliieng til phia tay bde xudng ddng nam, la ket qua lau dai ciia qud trinh bdi ddp
pha sa bdi he thdng sdng Hdng, sdng Thai Binh va dac biet la thanh qua su chinh
phuc ddng bdng ciia nhan dan ta hang ngan nam nay Day la viing dat khd mau
md, thich hgp vdi cay liia nude va nhieu loai cay trong khdc Khu vue Gia Lam,
Thuan Thanh, Cam Giang, Nam Sdch, Thanh Ha da tu lau la noi cd dan cu ddng
diic, lang mac tru phii, rugng vudn xanh tdt quanh nam
Tuy vay, so vdi cdc viing khdc thuge ddng bdng sdng Hdng, vung dat nay
edn chiu anh hudng cua sdng Thdi Binh, lugng phu sa it hon, va cd nhidu d triing
la he qua cua viee chinh phuc ddng bdng sdm ciia nhan dan ta, nen dat dai cd tinh
chua man, nhat la vimg ven bien, ddi hdi con ngudi noi day phai vat va nhieu hon
trong cuoc sdng 1
Ve mat giao thdng, vimg nay cd mat do sdng ngdi khd cao, khoang 0,5 den
1km sdng, kenh tren lkm2, bao gdm chi luu sdng Hdng, chi luu va ha luu sdng
Thdi Binh, sdng Kinh Thay, sdng Cam va nhieu sdng nhd chi chay trong cdc d
ndi dia Do ddc sdng ngdi thap, cdc ddng chay thudng udn khiic quanh co
Do anh hudng cua khi hau gio miia, thuy che sdng cung cd hai miia Mua
mua nude dang cao, giao thdng dudng thuy thuan Igi hon, nhung giao thdng
dudng bd lai gap khd khan vi hau het nhiing con dudng bd chua rdi nhiia, d6 bi lay
loi, vudn tuge hdm hao thudng bi ngap nude, gay khd khan cho bg ddi, du kich
khi edn tni an Miia khd dai hon tir thdng 11 den thdng 5, dat khd rdo, xe van tai
d(^ dang co dgng tren cdc con dudng hen xa, hen huyen Dat trong lang, ngoai
ddng deu cd the dao ham hao trong tdc chien
Vdi dieu kien dia hinh, khi hau, thuy van dd ma ddi sdng kinh te chii yeu
cua cu dan viing nay la san xuat ndng nghiep, nghe chinh la trong Iiia nude Ngoai
ra, nhan dan edn sdng tao va tiep nhan nhieu nghe truyen thdng, tao cho bg mat
kin h te xa hdi them da dang Nhu nghe due ddng d cdu Ndm, diic gang d Nhan
Trang 1513
L6, gidt vang d Kieu Ky, due dd a Kinh Chu, gdm su d Bdt Trang, Chu Dau, det
vai, uom to d Bde Cdu, Ha Duong, lam tuong d Bdn, nau ruou d Truong Xd, Phii Lgc
Day la vung ddt cd be day lich sir lau ddi Da timg tdn tai mot tmng tam Phat gido la Luy Lau Sau Thuan Thanh, den Gia Lam, Nam Sdch, Cdm Giang la nhiing noi da phdt hien nhieu di tich cu dan sinh sdng vao nhiing the ky dau ciia thdi Bde thuge Trong qud trinh dung nude va giii nude, vung ddt nay da san sinh
va nudi duong cho dan toe lop Idp cdc danh nhan tieu bieu nhu Le Chan, Ly TTiudng Kiet, nguyen phi Y Lan, Pham Ngii Lao, Tue Tinh, Le Hihi Trde, Doan Thi Diem, Cao Bd Qudt, Nguydn Thien Thuat
Ciing nhu nhan dan ta d mgi mien dat nude, nhan dan vung nay rat edn cu, dung cam, cd truyen thdng yeu nude, chdng ngoai xam ffien nay, tren vimg ven sdng Kinh Thay edn truyen tung nhieu su tich cua thdi Hai Ba Trung phat cd khdi nghia ddnh quan Ddng Hdn Nam 550, Trieu Quang Phuc lap can cu d dam Da Trach, tir dd lanh dao nhan dan ddnh dudi giac Luong Nam 905, Khiic Thiia Du tir Hdng Chau lanh dao nhan dan ea nude vimg len gianh quyen tu chu, xod bd deh dd ho nha Dudng, md dau ky nguyen dgc lap ciia dan toe Nam 938, tren sdng Bach Ddng, Ngd Quyen dai thdng quan Nam Hdn Nam 1285, tren vimg Ham Tir, Chuong Duong, Bach Ddng nhan dan ta dai thdng quan Nguyen Nam 1426, tir dinh Bd De, Le Lgi, Nguydn Trai da chi dao bao vay tien cdng giac Minh d thanh Ddng Quan, tien tdi giai phdng dat nude
Cudi the ky XIX, trudc su xam luge cua thuc dan Phdp nhan dan trong viing da doan ket dudi su lanh dao ciia Nguydn Thien Thuat da bien vimg Bai Say-Hai Sdng thanh can cu chdng Phdp kien cudng Nghia quan da dua vao lang xdm, dam lay, sdng nude chia thanh timg todn nhd, thudng xuyen tap kich, phuc kich quan Phdp, gay cho chiing nhieu tdn that Khdi nghia Bai Say la cuoc chien tranh nhan dan chdng Phdp tieu bieu dau tien cua nhan dan trong viing dudng 5 Sau khi binh dinh xong viing ddng bang, thuc dan Phdp xiie tien viee xay dung dudng sa,
Trang 16dinh thu, ddn dien ( ) d6 phuc vu ke hoach khai thdc thuge dia Thuc hien cdc chuong trinh dd, chiing trdng trgn dudi dan, cudp ddt, ra sue bde lot nhan dan ta
Su hien dien cua he thdng dudng bd, dudng sdt va hang loat he thdng dudng hen tinh, hen huyen, cung vdi he thdng giao thdng dudng thuy da lam cho
bg mat kinh te xa hdi vimg nay thay ddi Idn, nang ddng hon; nhung ciing di6n ra tinh trang phan hod sdu sdc hon Mot sd dia chu, quan lai trd nen giau cd eiing vdi bgn tu ban Phdp chiem doat hang ngan hecta dat, da day ddng dao ndng dan vao tinh trang bdn cung, ngheo khd Hang van ngudi phai rdi bd que huong di lam thue d cdc ddn dien, ham md, hoac lang bat ra cdc thanh phd Ha Ndi, Hai Phdng
Do su nhay cam ve chinh tri va giao thdng thuan lgi, mdi bien dgng xa hdi
d cdc thanh phd Idn, cdc khu vue khdc deu cd tdc dgng nhanh chdng den nhan dan trong vung dudng 5
Phong trao Can Vuong, khdi nghia Yen The (cudi the ky XIX), phong trao Ddng kinh Nghia thuc (1906-1907), phong trao dau tranh ddi tha Cu Phan Bdi Chau, de tang Cu Phan Chu Trinh (1925-1926), phong trao yeu nude ciia Viet
Nam Qude dan Dang dau nam 1930 deu duge nhan dan trong ^mng hudng ung,
nhat la trong cdc tang Idp tri thuc, hgc sinh
Dae biet, tu khi chu nghia Mde-Lenin duge truyen bd vao nude ta, dudi su lanh dao ciia Dang Cdng san Ddng Duong phong trao dau tranh cua nhan dan viing Dudng 5 duge duy tri va phdt trien hen tuc
Nam 1927, d Hai Phdng, Hai Duong, phd Gia Lam da cd nhieu co sd cua Viet Nam Thanh nien cdch mang ddng chi hdi Sau dd, mot sd chi bg Cong san duge thanh lap d Hai Phdng, Gia Lam , bude dau xay dung cdc td chuc quan chiing: cdng hdi, ndng hdi, da td chuc mot sd euge dau tranh ciia cdng nhan xi mang, nha mdy to Hai Phdng ddi tang luong, chdng ddnh dap
Nam 1937, qua phong trao Mat tran dan chu, anh hudng ciia Dang da lan rgng den ddng dao cdc tang Idp nhan dan d thanh phd, thi xa va nhieu lang xa d Thuy Nguyen, Thanh Ha, Kim Thanh, Cam Giang, Nam Sdch, Van Lam vdi cdc
td chuc hdi Thanh nien dan chii, hdi Tuong Te, hdi ai hihi, hdi Hieu, Bdng dd
3
Theo s6 lidu chua diy du Gia f^m co 3 don dien H m g Yen, H;M Di.rong co 35 dOn dien, Kien An co 'i -t-^
dien Ddn dieu Ion nhat id cua Macty rOng 36C0 rnau= I3km2 n
Trang 1715 Khi chien tranh the gidi lan thir hai nd ra Dang chii truong chuyen hudng chi dao chien luge Vung ndng thdn dudng 5: Van Lam, Nam Sdeh, Thuan Thanh, Gia Lam duge Trung uong va Xii uy Bde ky chii y cung cd md rgng co sd
Thdng 10-1939, Lien tinh B duge thanh lap bao gdm cdc tinh: Hung Yen, Hai
Duong, Hai Phdng, Kien An, Quang Yen, Hdn Gai Tiep dd Dang bd cdc tinh trong vung duge ciing cd, nhu thanh lap Tinh uy Hai Duong (6-1940), Tinh uy Hung Yen (7-1941), cung cd Thanh uy Hai Phdng (1940-1941)
Bat cha'p su khimg bd, dan dp cua bgn de qude, phong trao edeh mang trong viing ngay cang viing ehdc, nhat la sau ngay Nhat dao chinh Phdp (9-3-1945) Mot cao trao khdng Nhat, cuu nude da dang cao vdi cdc can cu du kich Bai Say, Ddng Trieu, Kim Sofn Ngay 12-3-1945, quan du kich cdch mang da ddnh chiem ddn Ban Yen Nhan, "mot tran ddnh du kich kieu mdu d ddng bdng Bde bd"
thdi tien khdi nghia Tiep do la hang loat euge "phd kho thdc" cua nhat de giai
quyet nan ddi do Dang va Mat tran Viet Minh phdt ddng da thu hiit ddng dao nhan dan tham gia, loi eudn tuyet dai qudn chiing nga ve phia cdch mang
Tir giiia thdng 8-1945, tat ea cdcl dia phuong trong viing da gianh duge
chinh quyen bdng tinh thdn quat khdi ciia nhan dan, trong dd Hai Duong la met
trong nhiing dia phuong da di dau trong viee gianh chinh quydn cap tinh 1945)
(18-8-Sau Cdch mang thdng Tdm 1945, dudi su lanh dao ciia TWDang, Chinh phu va Chii tich Hd Chi Minh, truyen thdng yeu nude cua nhan dan cdc dia phuong tren tuyen dudng Ha Ndi- Hai Phdng lai duge phdt huy cao do trong cdng cuoc xay dung va bao ve che do mdi, bat chap nhiing khd khan, thir thach (4 )
Thuc hien chu truong "khdng chien kien qude" ciia Dang va khau hieu chdng "giac ddi, giac ddt, giac ngoai xam", nhan dan Dudng 5 da hang hdi tham gia cdc boat ddng xa hdi, tich cue thuc hien cdc phong trao tuong trg giiip do Idn
' - Trong nan doi 1945 gan 40 van ngiroi cua Hung Yen- Hii Duong, Men An Hai Phong bi chet doi; Sau ngay
13-91945 hon 2 van quan Tuong dong o Hai Phong, Hai DuOQg; 3 vaa quan Nhat don ve Hai Phong cho ve ^
nuc<c; chiiih quyen raoi thanh l^p, ca 4 tinh moi co hon 60 dang vien; bon phan dCng v i a qu6c, viet each 7 H?i Phong-I^oi Duong-Kien An hoat dong rao lict
Trang 18nhau, khdc phuc nan ddi, tang gia san xuat, xod nan mil chii, bai trir cdc te nan xa hoi, xay dung ddi sdng mdi
Dac biet, ddng dao nhan dan da hang hdi tham gia mat tran Viet Minh, tap
luyen quan su, len dudng Nam tien Den cudi nam 1945, da cd 4 dai ddi ciia 4
tinh vao Nam chien dau Hang ngan thanh nien tham gia dan quan tu ve, ngay dem luyen tap quan su, di dau trong cdc phong trao van ddng cdch mang Dai bg phan nhan dan da gia nhap mat tran Viet Minh, hgc chii qude ngii Rieng tinh Hung Yen cd tdi 31 van hdi vien Viet Minh va cudi nam 1946 cd 10 van ngudi duge thodt nan mil chii
Thdng qua cdc phong trao cdch mang cu the, thiet thuc, he thdng chinh quyen dan chii nhan dan, td chuc ciia mat tran Viet minh, td chile Dang duge timg bude kien toan, phat trien ngay cang rgng rai til tinh den cdc xa Den thdng 4-
1946, L ^ H C cdc cap da duge bau cir thay cho Uy ban lam thdi sau edeh mang
Ve Dang, thdng 11-1945, cdc tinh uy Hung Yen, Hai Duong, Kien An, Hai Phdng duge eiing cd, kien toan Cudi nam 1946, tat ea cdc huyen deu cd ban Huyen uy va cd nhieu chi bd hen xa Sd lugng dang vien duge phdt trien nhanh tren co sd lua chgn nhiing ngudi xuat sac, hang hdi tham gia each mang Liic tdng khdi nghia ca 4 tinh cd 62 Dang vien, den thdng 12 nam 1945 da cd 334 Dang vien, thdng 12 nam 1946 cd 2510 Dang vien, vdi gdn 300 chi bd
Sau Hiep dinh 6-3-1946, 15.000 quan Phdp duge ddng d mot sd noi tren
mien Bde nude ta Trong do, a khu vue Ha Ngi-Hai Duong-Hai Phdng chiem gdn
50%( Ha Ndi: 5.000 quan, Hai Phdng: 1.750 quan, Hai Duong-Phii Luong-Lai Vu: 650 quan.) Ngay 18-3-1946, khoang 3.000 quan Phdp vdi nhieu xe tang, phdo Idn hanh quan theo dudng bg til Hai Phdng di Ha Ndi Hanh ddng dieu vd duong oai cua chiing da bi hang van nhan dan ta d hai ben dudng tir An Duong
den Gia Lam do ra bieu tinh, can Idi vdi ly do "chua cd lenh tren", "phai xuat trinh giay td" d nhieu doan dudng, nhan dan edn viit ban ghe ha do cay lam vat
chudng ngai td thai do bat hgp tdc Phia sau ddng dao nhan dan la cdc luc luong
tu ve sdn sang bao ve ddng bao neu chiing cd hanh dgng khieu khich Quan Phdp phai trinh giay phep va lang le dgn dudng de di qua
Trang 1917
Day la euge bieu duong luc lugng to Idn ddu tien ciia quan dan Dudng 5, la
su canh cdo nhiing muu dd quay trd lai xam luge nude ta cua bgn thuc dan, khdng dinh chii quydn ciia nhan dan ta tren dia phuong minh
Ddi vdi thuc dan Phdp, ngay khi duge phep di lai tren myen dudng Ha
Ndi- Hai Phdng theo quy dinh cua Hiep dinh so bg 6-3-1946, lay cd bdo dam an toan giao thdng, bao dam an toan chay tdu, qudn Phdp da rai luc lugng kiem sodt cdc vi tri dgc dudng, cho sira ehiia lai cdc ga va 7 cay cdu Idn, nhd Thuc chat, day
la nhiing viee lam ehuan bi cho nhiing ke hoach den tdi vd sau ciia chiing
Ngay 20-10-1946, Chu tich Hd Chi Minh ve den Hai Phdng sau chuyen di tham nude Phdp Khi trd v6 Ha Ndi, sudt dgc dudng xe lira, hang chuc van nhdn dan ta da ban hoan chao ddn Ngudi Khi tau dimg d ga Lai Khe, Hai Duong, Dinh
Du, Bde da an can tham hdi, ndi chuyen vdi nhan dan Bde can dan nhan dan doan ket, img ho Chinh phii, ddy manh tang gia san xuat Sau khi ve den Thu dd Ha Ndi, du cam duge tinh hinh thdi euge, Chii tich Hd Chi Minh da nhan thay cuoc chien tranh xam luge quy md Idn ciia thuc dan Phdp da den gdn, Ngudi hen chi thi cho qudn dan ta phai gap nit de phdng, khdng de bi ddng trudc am muu cua dich Ngay 5-11-1946, Ngudi da ra ban chi thi "Cdng viee khdn cap liic bay gid", nhan manh quan dan ta phai de cao hon niia tinh than canh gide sdn sang ddi phd vdi dm muu gay chien tranh xam luge ciia thuc dan Phdp, phai khdn truong chudn
bi ve mgi mat Dudng Idi khdng chien cung da duge Ngudi du kien tren nhiing net chinh ngay trong ban Chi thi nay, la tien hanh euge chien tranh nhdn dan, toan dan ddnh giac, thuc hien ddnh Idu dai chdng quan xam luge Phdp, neu chiing lieu linh gdy ra chien tranh
Vdi da tam xam luge nude ta mot Idn niia, tir thdng 11-1946, thuc ddn Phdp
da lien tuc tien hanh cdc hanh dgng tao cd de gdy chien, trong dd tuyen dudng Ha Ndi- Hdi Phdng la mot trgng diem khieu khich de chiing ddnh chiem dau tien Chiing da gdy ra hang loat vu phdng xe edn chet ngudi tren dudng 5, bdn siing bira bai, bat ngudi, ddng qudn trdi phep nhieu vi m' dgc dudng Trudc nhirng am muu
vh thu doan dd, qudn dan ta d cdc dia phuong tren tuyen dudng sat, bg Ha
Ngi-Hai Phdng da duge lenh phai het sue kiem che, trdnh mdc muu dich, tuan thu
Trang 20menh lenh cua Chinh phii, ddng thdi ra sue tich cue chudn bi luc lugng, sdn sang chien ddu khi khdng edn con dudng nao khdc
Tu giiia thdng 11-1946, Uy ban bdo ve cdc tinh, cdc huyen tren dgc myen dudng duge thanh lap Cdc dia phuong deu td chuc Ban phd hoai Ban tdn cu Ban cuu thuong Nhdn dan da hang hdi sdm sira vii khi, luyen tap quan su, tap hgp trong cdc doan the cuu qude, cdc luc lugng ddn quan tu ve Bdu khdng khi ngdt ngat, cang thdng bdo hieu sdp cd chien su ngay mot tdng len theo thdi gian vdi cdc vu khieu khich ngay cdng trang trgn, thudng xuyen cua bgn xam luge Xe, tau qudn su cua Phdp di lai nhdn nhip, qudn Phdp vii trang day du, hien dai di chuyen sudt ngay dem tren tuyen dudng vdi thdi do ngay cang td ra hung hang ngao man
Bg dgi, tu ve nhdn dan ta hai ben dudng ciing khdng edn dn boa, nen chiu nhu trudc, nhieu ngudi da cd thdi do mudn xdng ra quyet mot phen sdng mdi vdi chiing
Tren thuc te, euge chudn bi chien dau ciia quan dan ta dgc tuyen dudng ciing ngay mot khdn truong, tung bude hinh thanh the tran ciia chien tranh nhan dan ddnh giao thdng vdn tdi ciia dich, manh nha hinh thanh Mat trdn Dudng 5 sau
nay Tuy ve Dang, chinh quyen, doan the cdc dia phuong thuge he thdng rieng, song ve mat quan su, cdc tinh thuge dudng 5 chii yeu ndm trong pham vi chi huy
chien dau cua Bd Tu lenh chien khu HI Luc lugng vu trang thuge Khu cd cdc
Trung doan 50 (E50) bdo ve khu Quang Yen- Hdn Gai, Trung doang 41 (E41), bao ve khu Hdi Phdng- Kien An-Thdi Binh, Trung doan 44 (E44) bao ve khu Hdi Duong- Hung Yen Ngoai ra edn cd cdc don vi bg ddi ciia cdc huyen, thi va hang van ddn quan tu ve cdc lang xa hai ben dudng
Ngay 20-11-1946, qudn Phdp gdy chien d Hdi Phdng Ddng bg va qudn dan Hai Phdng da chien dau ngoan cudng, giii viing thanh phd den ngdy 26-11-1946 Trong tran chien dau chdng quan Phdp ddnh chiem Hai Phdng ngay 20-11-1946, cau xe lira trong thanh phd da bi bg ddi, tu ve cdng nhdn ta ddnh sap Day la hoat doiig ddnh giao thdng dau tien tren myen dudng Ha Ngi-Hai Phdng ciia qudn dan
ta, da cd tdc dung khdng cho qudn djch diing dudng sat co ddng sang vimg Ha Ly
Sau su kien Hdi Phdng, viee chudn bi chien dau cang khan truong hon Ngdy 26-11-1946, Trung uong vd Chinh phu quyet dinh hgp nhat Hai Phdng vdi
Trang 2119
Kien An, ggi la tinh Hai Kien Dudi su chi huy cua chien khu HI, cdc Ban chi huy
mat trdn khu vue duge thanh lap Phia tay Hai Phdng, mat tran Cam Ld duge td
chuc nhdm ngan chan quan Phdp tran ra huyen An Duong vd dudng 5
O Hai Duong, Hung Yen, cdc uy ban bdo ve xiie tien thanh lap cdc trung dgi quyet tu, rdo riet huah luyen qudn su, didn tdp cdc ndi dung: phd hoai, trinh sdt, tai thuong Nhdn dan sue sdi khdng khi khdng chien, chudn bi tan cu, gdi banh, eat dau tai san Ngay 10-12-1946, tai thi xa Hai Duong, hon 6.(X)0 bd ddi, canh ve, tu ve Tinh va cdc huyen td chuc tuan hanh, bieu duong luc lugng, phan ddi cdc boat ddng xdm luge cua thuc ddn Phdp Toan qudn, todn ddn ta dgc myen dudng Ha Ndi- Hai Phdng da duge chudn bi them mot bude ve tinh than, y thuc canh gidc san sang diing len khdng chien chdng qudn xam luge Luc lugng vii trang duge lenh tang cudng chudn bi chien dau, nhan dan, nhat la cdc cu gia, tre nhd d mot sd noi gdn vi tri qudn Phdp deu duge ehuan bi tan cu, phdng trdnh, thuc hien vudn khdng nha trdng khi cd lenh
Nhin ehung, tuyen dudng Ha Ndi -Hai Phdng trai dai tren mot vimg dat
thuge nhieu dia phuong, cd be day lich sir lau ddi, cd vi tri quan trgng d ddng
bdng Bde bg Day la he thdng giao thdng sdt-bd va cd doan la ca dudng thuy rat thuan tien, ndi hen hai trung tam chinh tri, quan su, kinh te, van hod Idn d midn Bde Viet Nam la Thii dd Ha Ndi vdi thanh phd cang Hai Phdng, bdng qua mot mien dat trii phii, ddng dan, nhieu ciia rat lgi hai ve kinh te, qude phdng trong chien tranh
Nhan dan ta dgc tuyen dudng cd truyen thdng yeu nude, chdng ngoai xam kien cudng, bat khuat tu ngan xua Til sau Cdch mang thdng Tdm 1945 den cudi
1946, dudi su lanh dao cua Trung uong Ddng, Chinh phu vd Chii tich Hd Chi Minh, truyen thdng tdt dep dd cua qudn dan cdc dia phuong da duge nhdn len gap bdi vd bieu hien mot each sinh ddng d cdng euge xay dung vd bdo ve che do mdi vdi nhieu ket qua bude ddu quan trgng Vdi y thuc canh gidc cao, hieu rd vai trd
vi tri cua tuyen dudng vd trudc cdc dm muu, hanh ddng cua qudn Phdp, quan dan
ta dgc tuyen dudng da tich cue ehuan bi luc ^ugng vd the tran chien tranh nhan
Trang 22ddn, sdn sang dcd lenh cua Tmng uong, quyet tam dung len chien dau giet giac, bao ve myen dudng, bao ve dia phuong, bao ve nen dgc lap dan tdc
Tuy nhien, do thdi gian edn qud ngdn, khd khan nhieu be nen luc lugng chien dau cua ta dgc tuyen giao thdng Ha Ndi- Hai Phdng edn rat ban che He thdng chinh quyen Dang, doan the quan chiing dang trong thdi ky cung cd, cd noi mdi duoe thiet lap, can bg chua cd kinh nghiem, phong trdo nhdn dan cd vung edn yeu Trong khi dd hau qua ve kinh te, van hod do che do cii de lai edn nang
ne, hau qua nan v6 de nam 1945 chua khdc phuc xong, luc lugng vu trang mdi thanh lap, vii khi trang bi thieu thdn lac hau, trinh do tdc chien non yeu, dia hinh chien ddu chdng dich, nhat la danh giao thdng van tai tren myen dudng sdt-bd cd nhieu khd khan
Trai lai, quan dich d khu vue Ha Ndi - Hai Phdng va cdc dia phuong cd
tuyen dudng di qua lai qud manh, hon hdn ta ve nhieu mat Chiing da cd dm muu ddnh chiem eon dudng huyet manh nay tir ngay khi dat chdn ra mien Bde, nen da
ra sue tang cudng luc lugng bd phdng, lap cdc vi tri bao ve tren cdc noi xung yeu, tung tay chan trd trgn ndm tinh hinh ta Va lai chiing cd qudn sd ddng, cd phuong tien, trang bi vii khi hien dai, trinh do thien chien, nha nghe
Do dd, d thdi diem cudi 1946, xet tren cdc mat, nhat la ve qudn su, tuong quan luc lugng giiia ta va dich dgc myen dudng la nghieng ve phia qudn xam luge, khdng cd lgi cho ta
Vi tri chien luge huyet mach cua tuyen dudng Ha Ndi- Hai Phdng, nhung dac diem dia hinh, dan cu, tinh hinh kinh te-xa hdi, tuong quan luc lugng ndi tren chinh la su bdo hieu mot euge dung do het siic cang thdng, quyet liet, de liet
va toan dien giiia ta va dich khi chien su bung nd va trong sudt euge chien ciia ddi ben Ke thu rd rang khdng the khdng tim mgi cdch, ke ca hanh dgng tan bao nhat, vdi luc lugng hung manh nhat, thudng xuyen, kip thdi nhat de kiem sodt myen dudng Ddi vdi chiing, mat tuyen dudng cd the ndi Id ddng nghia vdi su that bai tren chien tmdng chinh Bde Bg vd todn bg euge chien tranh xdm luge Viet Nam Sau nay, trong Hiep dinh Gionevo, yeu cau ma chiing dat ra gay gat nhat ciing la
giii cho duge tuyen dudng nay cho tdi phiit chdt la vay
Trang 2321
Ve phia ta, day la mot dia ban chien luge trgng yeu ciia dat nude, mot vimg
CO ngudn nhan, tai, vat luc ddi dao, la chien tmdng trgng diem cua cude khdng chien Chinh noi ddy, ta cd the thuc hien euge chien tranh nhdn dan cd vai trd, tdc
dung to Idn trong viee ddnh bai cdc hanh dgng binh dinh, can quet, va vet sue
ngudi, sue cua phuc vu chien tranh xdm luge cua thuc dan Phdp Ddng thdi la noi danh phd giao thdng van tai gay thiet hai Idn cho dich, kim giii luc lugng chiing,
do dd phdi hgp ddc luc vdi cdc chien tmdng khdc, gdp phan quan trgng dua khdng chien den thdng lgi
Dai tudng Vd Nguyen Gidp ddnh gia: "Nhin the bd tri qudn su cua Phdp tren chien tmdng Bde Bg thi true dudng 5 la mot chien tmdng cue ky quan trgng Ddi vdi dich, ddy la eon dudng huyet mach ndi hen can cii dau nao va can cu hau can chu yeu ciia quan Phdp tren mien Bde la Ha Ndi va cang Hai Phdng Ddi vdi
ta, phdn Idn ngudn nhdn luc, vat luc tu ddng bdng Bde Bg va mot phan tir Thanh Nghe chuyen len can cu dia Viet Bde va toa di cdc noi deu phai vugt qua hanh lang nay" {55,236}
Vai ttd, gid tri kinh te, quan su, chinh tri, van hod xa hdi cua myen dudng
Ha Ndi - Hdi Phdng khien ea ta vd dich deu ra sue tim edeh ndm giii Song do tuong quan luc lugng tai chd, nhat la ve qudn su ta yeu hon dich, nen euge khdng chien cua qudn dan ta tren tuyen dudng sdm d vao the bdi lgi, trd thanh euge chien tranh nhdn dan trong vimg dich tam chiem cue ky gian khd, anh diing, phong phii, sdng tao d day, do ngay tir liic chien su xdy ra da nhanh chdng bi dich ddnh chiem, nen vai trd lanh dao cua cdc Dang bg dia phuong la cd tinh quyet dinh thang lgi ddi vdi viee phdt ddng, td chile euge khdng chien ciia toan dan Va phuong chdm, bien phdp, hinh thuc khdng chien khdng cd gi thich hgp vd diing dill hon la thuc hien chien tranh nhdn dan, khdng chien todn ddn, todn dien, Idu ddi, dua vao sue minh la chinh nhu dudng Idi khdng chien md Trung uong Ddng
vd Chii tich Hd Chi Minh da chi ra
Trang 24Chuong 2:
CHIEN TRANH NHAN DAN TREN TUYEN D0CJNG
HA NOI - HAI PHONG D 0 d l SU LANH DAO CUA DANG
( 12-1946 - 7-1954 )
DUCING THUC HIEN CUOC KHANG CHIEN TOAN DAN, TOAN DIEN, CHONG DICH BINH DINH VA VAN TAI (1946-1950 )
2.1.1 Kip thdi ldnh dqo qudn ddn cdc dia phuong dimg len khdng chien theo dudng loi chien tranh nhdn ddn ciia Bdng, thuc hien tieu tho khdng chien tren tuyen dudng (12-1946 - ddu 1947)
Sau khi ddnh chiem thanh phd Hai Phdng, de cung cd va md rgng cho ban dap quan trgng da gianh duge, ngay 7-12-1946, qudn Phdp ddnh ndng ra viing Dd Son Ddng thdi, chiing khan tmong tang cudng binh luc de khdng che toan bd tuyen dudng Ha Ndi- Hai Phdng vira de trdnh nguy co bi bao vdy cd lap d Ha Ndi vira thuan lgi cho viee tang vien binh, co dgng luc lugng ddnh chiem viing Bde bd nude ta Ngdy 8-12-1946 ehung tdng quan trdi phep d Hai Duong, ddt tai ddy co quan chi huy va luc lugng manh, lam vi tri tmng doan, chudn bi ddnh chiem toan tuyen Ha Ngi-Hai Phdng Khdng che vd sir dung duge eon dudng sdt bg Hai Phdng- Ha Ndi, dich da cd them vien binh vd tien tdi gdy cdc vu khieu khich nghiem trgng d nhieu noi Trdng trcm nhat la trong cdc ngay 15,16,17 thdng 12-
1946, chiing da gdy ra cdc vu tan sat nhdn ddn ta d phd Hang Biin, phd Yen Ninh, rdi vu cdo ta, giri tdi hau thu cho Chinh phu ta ddi tude vQ khi cua tu ve Ha Ndi
Su nhdn nhugng cua Chinh phu va nhdn ddn ta da tdi diem tdt cung, nhdn nhugng nira Id mat chii quyen, mat ddc lap tu do Vi vay, ngay 18 va 19-12-1946, tai Van Phiie (Ha Ddng), Ban Thudng vu Trung uong Dang da hgp quyet dinh phdt ddng euge khdng chien chdng thuc ddn Phdp xdm luge tren qui md ci nude Hoi nghi da xde dinh nhung ndi dung co ban cua dudng loi khdng chien, the hien
Trang 2523
trong ban Chi thi Toan ddn khang chien cdng bd ngay 22-12-1946 Dem hdm dd,
Chu tich Hd Chi Minh eiing viet Ldi keu ggi toan qude khdng chien va duge phdt
di tren Dai Tieng ndi Viet Nam sdng ngay 20-12-1946 Dudng ldi, phuong chdm
ktidng chien duge TWDang va Chu tich Hd Chi Minh de ra ngay khi phdt dgng
euge khdng chien, bieu hien tap tmng trong cdc vdn kien dd (sau nay edn duge
lam ro them qua hang loat bai viet ciia ddng chi Tdng bi thu Tmdng Chinh dang
tren Bdo Su That) la thue hien chien tranh nhdn ddn, khdng chien todn ddn, toan
dien, Idu dai va dua vao siic minh la chinh
Ldi keu ggi toan qude khdng chien ciia Chu tich Hd Chi Minh neu rd :"
Qiiing ta mudn hod binh, chiing ta phai nhdn nhugng Nhung chiing ta cdng nhdn
niiugng, thue ddn Phdp cang lan tdi, vi chiing quyet tdm cudp nude ta lan niia
Klidng Chiing ta tha hy sinh tat ea chu nhat dinh khdng chiu mat nude, nhat dinh
klidng chiu lam nd le Bat ky dan dng, dan bd, bdi ky ngudi gia, ngudi tre, khdng
chia tdn gido, dang phdi, ddn tdc He la ngudi Viet Nam thi phai dung len ddnh
thuc ddn Phdp de cuu To qude Ai cd siing diing siing, ai cd guom dung guom,
khdng cd guom thi diing cude, thudng, gay, gde Ai ciing phai ra sue chdng thue
ddn Phdp cuu nude" {58,242} I
Theo menh lenh cua Chinh phu, hudng ung Ldi keu ggi cua Chii tich Hd
Chi Minh, dem 19 rang 20-12-1946, qudn ddn ta da nhat te dung len tien hdnh
cude khdng chien todn qude, tien cdng ddng loat vao cdc vi tri qudn Phdp tu vi
tuyen 16 (Da Ndng) trd ra Cude tien cdng ciia ta da phd tan dm muu dich dinh
ddnh lip cdc co quan dau nao, tieu diet luc lugng vii trang ta hdng nhanh chdng
ddnh chiem ea Viet Nam trong thdi gian ngdn nhat, it tdn kem nhat Chdng nhiing
ta khdng de cho chiing ddnh lip ma edn trien khai mot cdch chu ddng viee tieu
hao, tieu diet mot bg phan quan dich, cd lap dich d Lang Son, Hd Ndi, Hai Phdng,
giam chdn chiing mot thdi gian a Ha Ndi vd mot sd thanh phd, thi xa, tao dieu
kien de cd nude chuyen vdo thdi ky chien tranh, bao todn vd phdt trien luc lugng
khdng chien lau ddi
Ddi vdi khu vue cd tuyen dudng Ha Ndi- Hai Phdng di qua, can eii vao ke
hoach tdc chien ehung, Tmng uong, Bg Qude phdng- Tdng chi huy da giao cho
cdc dia phuong nhiem vu la: "Tien cdng dich d thi xd Hai Duong, cdu Phu Luong,
Trang 26cau Lai Vu, phd cau , phd dudng sd 5, bao vdy khu vue Hdi Phdng, cdt diit hen lac dudng bg Hai Rhdng-Ha Ndi" {80,11-12} Tmng uong ciing giao cho Mat tran Ha Ndi tien cdng dich trong thanh phd, thi tran Gia Ldm, phd cdc cdng trinh ma dich
cd thi lgi dung de tien hanh chien tranh, trong dd cd ca cau Long Bien
Dem 19 rang sdng ngay 20-12-1946, cung vdi tieng siing tien cdng cua qudn ddn Thu dd Ha Ndi, cude khdng chien chdng thue ddn Phdp xdm luge ciia qudn ddn ta tren tuyen dudng Ha Ndi- Hai Phdng dudi su lanh dao ciia cdc Dang
bd dia phuong eiing da bdt dau didn ra Ngay tir dau, tinh chat ciia mot cude chien
tranh nhdn ddn, toan dan, toan dien da duge cdc Dang bg dia phuong qudn triet va
chi dao trien khai tren thuc te Xen Idn tieng siing, tieng min ddnh dich cua bd dgi, la tieng cude, xeng, phd hoai giao thdng cua tu ve, ddn quan du kich vd nhdn ddn ddng loat vang len d nhieu noi tren tuyen dudng, nhu d Gia Ldm, thi xa Hai Duong, cau Phii Luong, cau Lai Vu
O Gia Lam, dudi su lanh dao ciia Dang bd va Ban chi huy Mat tran Ha Ndi, bd dgi, tu ve, cae tmng ddi quyet tir da ddng loat tien cdng vdo cdc vi tri ddng qudn cua dich d dau cau Long Bien, sdn bay Gia Ldm, cau Dudng Tai tru cdu giua bai sdng, qua bom 250kg do chien si Pham Le Ninh chdm ngdi da nd, phd hdng hon 100m mot ben mat cau Bd dgi ta til phia Ha Ndi dinh tien len phd tiep, nhung bgn dich da dua vdo vii khi, cdng su can phd quyet het
O Hai Duong, tmdc khi chien su xay ra, Tinh uy da cimg Bd Chi huy Chien khu DI chi dao thanh lap Ban chi huy mat tran Hai Duong gdm dai dien Tmng doan 44, UBKC, UBHC, do Tmng doan tmdng tmng dodn 44 lam chi huy tmdng Luc lugng ndng cdt cua Mat tran Hai Duong la Tmng doan 44, dai ddi canh ve cua tinh, cdc tmng dgi quyet tir , tu ve ciia Thi xa vd cdc huyen xung quanh Thi xa, dan qudn cdc xa ven dudng Ngoai bd phan chii yeu tdc chien d thi
xa Hai Duong, Tmng doan 44 edn rai nhieu dai dgi d cdc huyen Kim Thanh, Nam Sdeh, Thanh Ha Ban chi huy mat tran Hai Duong ha quyet tam: "Tieu diet toan
bd sinh luc dich trong thdnh phd trudc khi chiing tdng vien tien ddnh Hai Duong" {46,88}
Trang 2725 Khoang 20 gid ngay 19-12-1946, tu ve da nd min phd buy tram dien cdng
Ba cira; ddng thdi cae chien si Tmng doan 44, Tieu doan 89 cimg cdc don vi canh
ve, tu ve chien ddu, cdng an xung phong da ddng loat tien cdng tat ca cdc vi tri
cua dich d thi xa, a khu vue cau Phii Luong va cau Lai Vu
Tai cau Lai Vu, dich cd 1 tmng dgi ddng d dau cau phia ddng Theo ke hoach Sling tmng hen bdn vao qudn dich de bd ddi vd tu ve tien len ddt cau va diet vi tri dich Nhung mdi bdn duge may vien, siing bi hdc, dich tap tmng hod luc bdn de het, Bg dgi chat rom len xe godng ddt rdi day vdo cau Rom chay bet ma cdu khdng chdy d cau Phii Luong, dich cd 1 tmng ddi, duge phdo binh tir thi xd Hai Duong chi vien da chdng tra ta quyet liet Den dem thu 3 (21-12-1946), bg ddi va tu ve Nam Sdch mdi chiem duge khu vue cau Nhung sdng 22, dich dua qudn tir vi tri Nha may chai ra chiem lai Dem 22, bg dgi ta xung phong quyet het gianh quyen kiem sodt cau, nhung chua kip phd thi bi dich tien cdng, phai nit lui
Tai thi xa Hai Duong, ngay dem 19-12-1946, ta td chuc tan cdng dich d ea
3 vi tri: Nha mdy Chai, nhd Ndng phd va tmdng Nil sinh Dua vdo vii khi va cdng
su, dich da chdng tra tat ea cdc euge tan cdng ciia qudn ta Chien su gidng co sudt dem 19 va 20-12-1946 Den dem 21-12-1946, qudn ta thay ddi chien thuat, trdnh
chd dich manh, ma tap tmng luc lugng ddnh vao vi tri dich yeu nhat la khu vue
tmdng Nil Sinh Sau khi chien si cam tu Dang Qude Chinh ddt nd min, sap mdng bao, bd ddi ta tran vdo diet vd bdt sdng tmng ddi dich d ddy Dem 22-12-1946, ta tap trung luc lugng ddnh tiep vi tri nha may Chai nhung khdng thanh cdng
Trong khi bgn hnh Phdp bi vdy ddnh d Hai Duong, bd chi huy dich da dieu mot luc lugng Idn tir Hai Phdng cd ca thuy, luc, khdng quan, dung chien thuat bude nhay de cuu nguy cho ddng bgn Ngdy 20-12-1946, khoang 1 tmng doan
dich bdng tdu chien, ea nd da nguge ddng sdng Cam do qudn len Cdng My, phia
sau phdng tuyen Cam Ld, ddnh vdo tran dia phdng ngu ciia bd dgi ta Vdi luc lugng dp dao, chiing nhanh chdng tien vdo tran dia chdt Chien si ta chien dau diing cam, khi het dan da ddnh gidp Id cd vdi dich 70 ten dich bi diet nhung phdng tuyen Cam Ld bi vd Dich nhanh chdng ciing cd vi tri, rdi tung qudn sira dudng, tien ve phia Hai Duong bdng ca dudng thuy va dudng bd Dang uy vd Ban chi huy Mat tran da phdn dodn diing ke hoach tien qudn cua dich, nen da chi
Trang 28dao khan truong phd hoai dudng 5 d doan qua huyen An Hai, Kim Thanh Song vi
thuc hien qua gap, dung cu thd so, dudng mdi hu hai nhe, lai chua cd kinh
nghiem, dat da de thanh timg ddng canh cdc hd dao nen dich san lap khd nhanh Ngay 21-1-1946, chiing chiem duge Phii Thdi sau khi bi diet mot sd ten Ngay 22-
12, chiing ddnh den Pham Xd, Lai Khe Sang ngay 23-12-1946, ca hai ednh quan thuy va bd cua dich da hgp diem duge tai cau Phii Luong, chudn bi tdn cdng vdo thi xa
Do khdng ndm chae didn bien tinh hinh, nen khi thay qudn tiep vien cua dich tir Hai Phdng len, Tinh uy Ban chi huy mat tran Hai Duong mdi thay ddi ke
hoach til tien cdng sang phdng ngu, va xde dinh: "Quyet tdm giii viing thanh phd
tir 10 den 15 ngay" Den 14 gid ngdy 23-12-1946, qudn dich phdi hgp tan cdng
trong ddnh ra, ngoai ddnh vdo, cd khdng qudn vd hdi qudn yem trg, quyet ddnh bat luc lugng ta ra khdi Thu xa Bg ddi ta chien dau diing cam, diet hang chuc ten
dich, nhung khdng chan duge sue manh dp dao cua chiing Dem 23-12-1946, Ban chi huy mat tran quyet dinh nit luc lugng vii trang ra khdi Thi xa di bao toan luc
lugng Dich phdt hien chii luc ta da nit khdi Thi xd hen chuyen sang phan kich tren toan khu vue Cdc luc lugng edn lai cua ta trong Thi xa gap khd khan, bi dgng, liing tiing hon tmdc Ta vita ddnh tra dich vira lui dan ra ngoai vi, khdng kip phd cdc cdng thu, bd lai 15 tan gao, tham chi sd Cdng chinh edn bd lai cd tdi heu
Sau khi chiem duge thi xa Hai Duong, dich bi chiing lai mot thdi gian vi chiing phai lo eiing cd luc lugng, phai ddi phd vdi cdc boat dgng bao vdy quay rdi, phd hoai cua cdc luc lugng bg ddi, tu ve ta Lien tuc nhieu dem, Tinh uy vd Ban Chi huy Mat Tran da chi dao cdc don vi bg ddi, cdc luc lugng tu ve, ddn quan chia thanh cdc todn nhd, phdi hgp eiing dot nhap vdo ndi thi ddnh quay rdi dich, thu gom tdi lieu, van chuyen cdc vat heu, dung cu edn thiet ra ngodi, diet them nhieu xe eg, sinh lire dich Qudn dich trong thi xa phai d trong m the bdo dgng, khdng duge nghi ngoi, khdng ddm tu do di lai, ludn nom nop lo sg bi qudn ta dot nhap tieu diet O cdc dia phuong nhu An Duong, Kim Thdnh, Kim Mdn, Nam Sdch, Thanh Ha cdc Huyen uy ciing lanh dao qudn dan chuyen sang thuc hien phuong chdm ddnh Idu ddi, td chuc euge chien tranh nhdn dan, todn dan, todn
Trang 2927 dien, thue hien ldi danh du kich, quay rdi, tieu hao sinh luc dich Trong cdc boat dgng dd, cdc Dang bg, don vi da dac biet chii trgng bdm tru, eiing cd, xdy dung
luc lugng va day manh tdc chien d khu vue dgc theo myen dudng Hai Duong
-Hai Phdng Cuoc chien dau pha hoai giao thdng van tai dich tren tuyen dudng sdt,
bd Ha Ndi- Hai Phdng bdt dau trd nen thudng xuyen vd quyet het hon
Ngay 22-12-1946, Huyen uy An Duong da chi dao tu ve xa Dai Ban ciing
bg ddi huyen ddnh min lam nd 1 xe chd dan diet hon chuc ten d vi tri edeh ga Du Nghia 200 m ve phia tdy, md ddu tmydn thdng du kich ddnh min tren dudng 5 Ngay 27-12-1946, cdng binh cua Trung doan 41 ddnh min tai doan dudng Cd Phuc-Kim Thanh, phd buy 2 xe tang, 1 xe bgc thep, 1 xe van tai diet 28 ten dich,
ta hy sinh 4 chien si Cdc vi tri ddng qudn ciia dich d Thugng Ly, Qudn Toan, Du Nghia, Hd, Phii Thai, Pham Xd, Lai Khe, Tuan May, Ti6n Trung, Hai Duong thudng xuyen bi du kich, bg dgi ta quay rdi dem dem
Ddng thdi vdi cdc boat dgng tien cdng, quay rdi dich ciia bd ddi, tu ve, Cdc Dang bg edn lanh dao, td chiic huy ddng qudn ddn dia phuong minh ra sue thuc hien Ldi keu ggi tieu thd khdng chien ciia Chii tich Hd Chi Minh, kien quyet tan
cu bdi hgp tdc vdi giac Dgc theo myen dudng sdt, bd Ha Ndi- Hai Phdng, hang van nhdn ddn cdc thi xa, thi tran, khu tmng tdm giao thdng da chap nhan gian khd
hy sinh de rdi nhd cira, que qudn di tan cu khdng chien Cdc edn bg, dang vien da
tu thao do, ddt phd nha cira cua minh neu guong cho quan chiing thue hien "vudn khdng nha trdng", bat hgp tdc vdi dich
Chu tmong tieu thd khdng chien cua ta khdng chi nhdm phd bd nhiing co
sd, phuong tien ma dich cd the sir dung de ddng qudn, di chuyen luc lugng de ddnh lai ta ma quan trgng hon la da bieu thi y chi kien quyet chien dau, thd khdng ddi trdi ehung vdi qudn cudp nude Thdi gian sdm mudn cd khdc nhau, song hau bet nhdn dan cdc thi xa, thi tran, cdc lang xa ven dudng Ha Ngi-Hai Phdng deu da
tu phd nhd, cat giau thdc liia, ciia cai rdi tan cu theo su td chuc cua chinh quydn dia phuong (5 )
' Theo khao sat a raot sO xa ven diron^ 5: I-ai Vu Ai Ou6c C ^ Dien rjam Dinh Minh Hdi Gia Thnv tni co r.r m%-00% r m ^ dan r^n en non^ nhrrng thang cu6i n ^ 1946 ddu nam 1 ^^7 SO o lai chu y<^n !a ngno, ^la - i ruot ••6 sia dinh dia chii
Trang 30Tren doan til Gia Lam den Thi xa Hai Duong, nit kinh nghiem nhiing ngay
ddu, cdng tdc pha hoai duge td chuc chu ddo hon Sudt ngay dem hen tuc, hang
ngan thanh nien cimg bg dgi, tu ve cdc huyen Cam Giang, Binh Giang, My Hao,
Van Lam, Yen My, Gia Ldm, Thuan Thdnh, Gia Binh, Lang Tai duge huy ddng
phd dudng, ea dudng bg vd dudng sdt Gan 40 km dudng sdt bi bde cdc thanh ray,
bat nen dudng Khoang 30 km dudng 5 cung bi dao phd thdnh cdc hd sdu, cdc u
cao ngdn ngang chuong ngai vat Nen dudng rai nhua rdn ehdc nhung chi vdi
dung cu thd so ma cd nhieu doan dudng hang nghin met bi qudn dan ta san bdng
mat mdng, nhieu u ddt Idn duge ddp len d Nhu Quynh, Ban Yen Nhdn vira lam
chudng ngai, viia lam cdng su chien ddu
Cdc cdng trinh kien cd nhu nha cira d thi tran Cam Giang, Sat, Bdn, Di Su,
Nghia Ld, cdc nhd ga til Dinh Du tdi Ddng Nien, tdt ea cdc cau tren dudng bd va
dudng sdt nhu cau Ghenh, cau Ghe, cau Thinh Van, cau Cam Giang deu bi ta
danh sap Vdi nhiing cay cau be tdng, do khdng cd thude nd, bd ddi, tu ve ta phai
kien tri dap vd be tdng bdng biia rdi dimg cua sdt cdt diit ldi thep cho sap gdy Cdc
eon dudng hen tinh , hen huyen ndi vdi dudng 5 di cdc dia phuong eiing deu bi
pha hoai i
Nhiing ngay cudi thdng 12-1946 dau 1947, do dudng sdt khdng edn hgat
dgng duge, qudn Phdp het sue lo ngai da rdo riet tung luc lugng tim cdch ddnh
thdng dudng sd 5 de ndi hen Ha Ndi vdi Hai Phdng Lgi dung uu the binh luc tu
Hai Phdng len, chiing da td chuc nhieu euge hanh qudn cap dai dgi vd tieu dodn tir
thi xa Hai Duong ra phia Cam Giang nhdm tien ve Ha Ndi Cdc euge tien qudn
giai toa giao thdng cua chiing da bi quan dan Hai Duong chan ddnh, bi nhieu thiet
hai, tien trien rdi chdm chap, Nhu tran chan dich d dia phdn xa Thanh Binh, ngdy
27 - 12 - 1946 bd ddi, tu ve ta da ddnh lui mot dai ddi dich; tran Van Thai
(30-12-1546), ta diet 35 ten Phdp, bude chiing phai lui quan; tran cau Ghe (2-1-1947), ta
loai khdi vdng chien dau 1 trung dgi dich, bude sd edn lai phai thdo chay ve Thi
xa Hai Duong
Khdng khai thdng duge tuyen dudng theo hudng til Hai Duong len, qudn
Phdp lai td chuc luc lugng Idn ddnh tir phia Gia Lam xudng Ngdy 4-1- 1947,
hon 1 tieu dodn dich cd xe tdng dan dudng da tir Gia Lam ddnh xudng Nhu
Trang 3129 Quynh Miii tien qudn cua chiing da bi quan dan Gia Lam chan ddnh quyet het Sudt ea budi sang hanh qudn vira ddi phd vdi bd ddi, tu ve ta, vira dgn dudng, den tma chiing mdi tien duge tdi khu vue cau Ghenh Tai day chiing lai vap phai myen ngan chan ciia quan dan Hung Yen Tir tmdc Dang bd Hung Yen da tang cudng can bd va luc lugng ciia tinh eiing luc lugng cdc huyen Bde Hung Yen, ed
su phdi hgp ciia 1 dai dgi Ve qude dodn cua Tmng dodn 44 da lap phdng myen khd kien cd de chan dich Cdc luc lugng cua ta da binh tinh chien dau, kien quyet chan eac dgt tien cdng ciia dich, khdng cho chiing thdng dudng Qudn dich da bi
thiet hai nang vdi hon 100 ten bi diet, sd edn lai bude phai nit vi Phii Thuy, chd
tang vien
Ngay 6-1-1947, nhd duge bd sung them 2 dai ddi tii Bde Ninh, qudn dich lai td chuc ddnh xudng phia Ddng quyet giai toa dudng 5, thdng doan Gia Lam-Hai Duong Tmdc sue tien cdng do at cua dich ed co gidi, xe tang yem trg, ed trinh do thien chien, co ddng nhanh, vira ddnh chinh dien vua ddnh theo ldi ggng kim, thge sudn, luc lugng ta lai cd ban, vii khi thd so, phdng ngu bi ddng ldi tran
dia chien, dia hinh bat lgi, nen quan ta phai nit dan khdi cdc vi tri de bao todn luc
lugng Tuyen phdng ngu cau Ghenh bi vd, dich trdn xudng chiem Bdn Yen Nhdn,
Di Sir Ngdy 7-1-1947 , dich phdi hgp cd hai ednh qudn, vira ddnh tir Di Sir xudng, vira danh tir Hai Duong len khien cdc trdn dia phdng thu cua ta bi ket vdo
giiia khdng the ung cuu duge cho nhau, phai nit xa khdi cae true dudng chinh
Qudn dich lan lugt chge thung cdc trdn dia, vugt qua cdc chudng ngai vat, chiem duge khu vue Ghe, Qudn Gdi , hgp qudn vdi nhau, ndi thdng dudng 5
Sau khi chiem duge dudng 5, dich tang cudng luc lugng ddnh chiem tuyen
dudng sdt Khdc vdi tuyen dudng bd, tren tuyen dudng sdt, ta chii yeu thue hien pha hoai, khdng cd nhieu trdn dia chan ddnh dich, do dd, boat ddng giai toa
dudng sat ciia dich cd phan nhanh hon Ngay 15-1-1947, dich da chiem duge cdc
vi tri chu yeu tren dudng sdt nhu ga Dinh Dii, Nghia Ld, Xuan Dao, cau Ba Sinh Tuy kie'm sodt duge dudng sdt khd nhanh so vdi kiem sodt myen dudng bd, song viee khdi phuc boat dgng cua dudng sdt lai khdng don gian, dd dang, mau chdng nhu ddi vdi dudng bg
Trang 32Nhu vdy, phai sau gan mot thang rdo riet ddnh chiem, qudn Phdp mdi tam thdi giai toa duge dudng bg va dudng sdt myen Ha Ndi - Hai Phdng Chiing da phai tra mot gid rat ddt cho hanh ddng ddnh chiem myen dudng ndy, bdi ngay tir ddu da gap phai mot cude chien tranh nhdn dan cua qudn ddn ta dgc theo myen dudng di qua Dudi su lanh dao cua TW Dang, cua cdc Dang bd dia phuong, euge chien ddu ciia quan dan ta tren tuyen dudng Ha Ngi-Hai Phdng tir ngdy 19-12-
1946 den cudi 1-1947 da didn ra trong tinh the bdi lgi, song ciing rat anh diing, hao hiing, bdo hieu mot euge gianh gidt gidng co giua ta va dich het sue quyet het
ve sau tren tuyen dudng
Trong hoan canh khd khan, gian khd, luc lugng ed ban, ke dich manh hon
ta ve nhieu mat, song cdc Dang bg vd nhdn ddn tren tuyen dudng Ha Ngi-Hai Phdng da ddng tdm hudng ung ldi keu ggi khdng chien ciia Tmng uong Dang, Chinh phu va Chu tich Hd Chi Minh, da chap hanh nghiem chinh menh lenh chien dau ciia Bg Qude phdng Cude khdng chien chdng thuc ddn Phdp xdm luge
d eac dia phuong cd tuyen dudng di qua khdng chi da duge cdc Dang bg phdt ddng kip thdi, sau rgng ma ed the ndi ngay tir dau da the hien diing dudng ldi, phuong chdm ehung ciia Dang vd Chii tich Hd Chi Minh, dd la tien hanh chien tranh nhdn dan, todn dan, toan dien Tinh chat vd hinh anh ciia euge chien tranh nhdn ddn tren tuyen dudng da sdm duge lanh dao, trien khai thue hien bdng viee dodn ket, huy ddng mgi luc lugng, ldi eudn toan ddn, dung mgi bien phdp, mgi phuong tien de ddnh dich, phd hoai, can trd giao thdng van tdi cua chiing Cu the
dd la cdc hanh ddng qua cam, kip thdi nd siing bao vdy, kim chdn, tieu hao luc lugng dich trong cae thi xa, thi tran cua cdc luc lugng vii trang ed nhdn dan tham gia, phuc vu, la triet de tan cu, bat hgp tdc vdi gidc, la ra sue phd hoai nha cira, cdu dudng theo khdu hieu "Tan cu la khdng chien", "Vudn khdng nha trdng", "Tieu thd de khdng chien"
Trong cude chien dau cua todn ddn chdng ke dich ve mgi mat, da ndi bat len hanh dgng chien dau dung cam, ngoan cudng, khdng sg hy sinh cua cdc chien
si ve qude doan, cdc chien si quyet tir, cdc chien si tu ve Hang trdm chien si da hy sinli anh dung, chien dau den gigt mdu cudi ciing d cdc tran ddnh Cam Ld, Phii Thdi, Ghe, phd Gia Lam Cude chien dau cua nhdn ddn ta tren tuyen dudng da
Trang 3331 diet khoang 300 ten dich, 4 xe tang va nhieu vu khi khdc, da phd ndt ca myen dudng sdt va dudng bd, dac biet la doan til thi xa Hai Duong den Gia Lam Da td
chuc duge hau het nhdn dan tan cu bdt hgp tdc vdi dich
Lanh dao phdt ddng cude khdng chien cua qudn dan cdc dia phuong tren dgc tuyen dudng nay vira la nhiem vu, cdng tdc ehung, vira la nhiem vu, cdng tdc trgng diem cua cdc Tinh uy, Huyen uy dia phuong, noi cd myen dudng di qua Cd the ndi, trong nhiing ngay dau khdng chien, euge chien dau ngan chan giao thdng van tai dich tren tuyen dudng Ha Ndi - Hai Phdng chinh la ndi dung, hinh anh tap tmng, tieu bieu nhat cua boat ddng khdng chien ciia Dang bd, qudn dan cdc dia phuong ed tuyen dudng di qua, nhu Ha Ndi, Hung Yen, Hai Duong, Hai - Kien
Su lanh dao ciia cdc dang bg va nhiing didn bien cua cude chien dau cua qudn dan dgc tuyen dudng d thdi ky cudi 1946 dau 1947 chinh la dac diem, la ndi dung se chi phdi ca qud trinh lanh dao khdng chien ve sau ciia cdc Dang bd vung nay Dd
la lanh dao euge chien tranh nhdn ddn chdng dich can quet, binh dinh, ra sue phd hoai cdc hoat dgng giao thdng van tai cua chiing
B ^ canh nhiing cd gdng, thdnh cdng ban dau do, thdi ky ndy su lanh dao,
chi dao cua cdc Dang bd dia phuong, boat ddng khang chien cua qudn ddn ta dgc tuyen dudng cung da bde Id nhiing thieu sdt, ban che, non yeu
Dd la viee td chuc bg mdy khdng chien d cap tinh, huyen chua phii hgp, LTBKC, UBHC cung tdn tai vdi Ban chi huy mat tran , chure ndng nhiem vu chua
rd rdng nen ddn den tinh trang chdng cheo, bd viee Tuyen dudng qua nhieu dia gidi hanh chinh, su phdi hgp giua cdc dia phuong chua thuc hien duge chat che,
nen dich ddnh chiem timg khu vue nhu be diia timg chiee mot Viee td chuc chien ddu, ngdn chan dich mang tinh bi ddng phdng thu vd quan niem nang vi rrdeh
nhiem cua luc lugng ve qude doan, ma chua biet phdt huy siic manh ciia ddng dao nhdn dan Ban chi huy mat trdn Hai Duong vd Hung Yen deu chua ddnh gid bet
dm muu ciia dich ddi vdi tuyen dudng vd quyet tdm bao ve dudng ciia chiing, nen
da thieu ke hoach ddi phd lau ddi vd thudng so hd, bi dgng
Trong viee td chuc chien dau, vai trd ciia cap uy Dang dia phuong edn liing tiing, bidgng vdo ke hoach tdc chien cua bg dgi (E44) vi chua cd co quan chi huy qudn su ddc lap Viee td chuc nhdn ddn tan cu, do chua thay het am muu- ke
Trang 34hoach cua dich nen d mot sd noi de nhdn dan chay loanh quanh(6 ), vat vd, ddn den mat mat cua cai, ddi sdng khdng dn dinh
Tat ea nhiing khuyet diem tren da lam ban che den thdng lgi, gdy them tdn thdt cho nhdn ddn ta Dd la nhimg khuyet diem, non kem khd trdnh khdi d nhung ngay dau khdng chien edn nhieu bd ngd, du tri, la nhiing bai hgc kinh nghiem de cdc dang bd va nhdn ddn cdc dia phuong trudng thanh, vugt qua khd khan trong thdi ky mdi, gianh nhiinh thdng lgi to Idn hon
2.1.2 No luc xdy dung luc luong, day mqnh chien tranh nhdn ddn ve mgi mat, ra site phd te trit gian, phd hoai giao thdng van tdi dich (ddu 1947 - ddu 1950)
Sau khi chiem duge tuyen dudng Ha Ndi- Hai Phdng, thue dan Phdp da hen tuc md cdc cude hanh qudn can quet vdo cdc lang xa xung quanh nhdm cudp bde cua cai, bdt phu, xua gian luc lugng ta de tao mot hanh lang an todn cho khu vue chiem ddng va van chuyen Trong nhiing cude hanh qudn ay, qudn Phdp thuc hien chinh sdeh "ddt sach, phd sach, giet sach", nhat la nhiing lang xdm ed boat dgng du kich
Hanh dgng cua dich ngay tir dau da td ra bet siic tdn bao Tren dia ban cdc
xa dgc theo tuyen dudng sdt - bd Ha Ngi-Hai Phdng, da didn ra nhieu cude tan sat nhdn ddn ta rat da man Nhu ngdy 16-1-1947 chiing can vao vimg My Hao, dich bdt hon 500 ngudi, giet hon 30 ngudi, ddt hang tram ngdi nha Ngdy 8-2-
1947 can vdo lang Cam (Gia Ldm) giet hai hon 100 ngudi, chii yeu la ngudi gia, tre em Ngay 7-2-1947 can vdo vung nam My Hdo, ddng Yen My, giei hai 250 ngudi d lang Thudn Xuyen Am muu cua thue ddn Phdp la hdng dimg su tan bao
de thi uy, gdy su khiep sg, kinh hoang, bugc nhdn ddn ta phdi thdn phuc chiing,
de yen cho chiing tu do di lai, van chuyen tren tuyen dudng
Ddng thdi vdi viee can quet, thue dan Phdp da rdo net td chuc sira dudng, xdy dung can cu ddng qudn Idu dai, nhat la til cudi thdng 2-1947, khi Tmng dodn
^ ^'^ :-:ac diah djch se chiern cae thanh ph<:\ thi xa, fhi fran,nen hau be^ deii trin en r^ vimi "<'.^n'T rh^n '^±i whiOm cae luyen daong giao thong quan rronj^, don;; bao iai chay ;:u^.i:i;; i,hia aaiu :io.^ len ~:ii;x bac ducnz -
Trang 35dir-33 Thu dd nit khdi Lien khu I, chiing lam chu duge ndi thdnh Ha Ndi Chiing mng qudn bao vdy cdc lang mac, ddn ddn ra mat dudng de khdi phuc lai cdc doan dudng da bi ta pha hoai Hang ngan ngudi da bi chiing dimg ludi le, bdng sung, diii cui cudng biic lao ddng khd sai tren tuyen dudng hen tuc nhieu ngay dem de nhanh chdng bao dam thdng xe, thdng tau phuc vu cude chien tranh xdm luge dang ngay cang md rgng
Tren dudng sdt, ngoai viee khdi phuc lai tuyen dudng, chiing edn td chuc sira chiia lai cdu cdng, xdy dung lai he thdng nha ga Tmng binh khoang 3 - 5 km
cd 1 diem dtaig, tu 5 den 10 Km cd mot ga trdnh tau (7) Tai mdi diem dimg, mdi ga tau chiing deu bd tri 3 den 4 bdt gde, cd khoang 1 tmng dgi lam nhiem vu bao ve thudng xuyen sudt ngay dem
Ke ca dudng sdt va dudng 5, he thdng bao ve ciia dich ed tdi hon 40 vi tri
cd dinh ed tmng dgi Ngoai ra edn cd cdc don vi co ddng khdc san sdng ung cuu, tien hanh cdc cude can quet hen mien viing phu can de day luc lugng ta ra xa tuyen dudng Luc lugng chdt giii, bao ve dudng va luc lugng co ddng ung cuu vdo dau nam 1947 thuge 3 phdn khu: Gia Ldm, Hai Duong, Hai Phdng, do Bd chi huy
miin Bde Ddng Duong thdng nhat dieu hanh i
Trong cdc cude can quet, thuc dan Phdp da tap tmng ddnh phd triet di he
thdng td chuc Dang, chinh quyen vd cdc dodn the cua ta Ddi tugng bdt bd, bdn giet hang dau ciia chiing trong cdc euge can quet, thanh trimg dan cu la nhdm vdo edn bg, dang vien, ddn quan, tu ve ta Hang tram edn bg, dang vien, qudn chiing each mang da bi chiing lung bdt, bdn giet thdng tay, nhieu ngudi bi chiing beu xde ben dudng, giua ehg, noi tau xe qua lai Vira ra sue tim cdch xod bd chinh quyen nlidn dan, chiing viia rdo riet thiet lap bd may chinh quyen tay sai, tmdc bet la cdc dia phuong, cdc khu ddn cu ed tuyen dudng di qua Thdng 5-1947, chiing thdnh lap Hdi ddng an ddn Bde Viet, Hdi ddng an ddn cdc tinh Hai Phdng, Hai Duong Ddng thdi chiing lap cdc quan hdnh chinh: Nghia Ld, Bdn Yen Nhdn, Di Sir d cdc Idng xa sdt tuyen dudng, chiing cho tay chdn di myen tmyen, khdng che, timg bude tap hgp, ldi keo cdc thdnh phan phan ddng, bat man vd mot sd ngudi da phuc
.^> vrn he rhong ga hien nay, so ga tau tmoc nam 1955 anieu hon Hien nay mot so gada bo.-DLnn Du,
XuanDac .^Dicm.Dcng Nien nhirng Joi them ga Tuan Ljong va ga Cao Xa
Trang 36vu chinh quyen Phdp tmdc nam 1945 de Idp te Bgn Phdp vd tay sai edn tim each
du dd, liing bdt nhdn ddn trd ve que qudn lam an, rdi tiing bude bude hg gdnh vde thue khoa, phu phen, canh phdng, di linh cho ehung
Tmdc tinh hinh mdi cua cue dien khdng chien ehung, thdng 4-1947, Tmng uong Dang da md Hdi nghi edn bd Tmng uong lan thu hai de xde dinh nhiing vdn
de CO ban ciia euge khang chien toan qude Hdi nghi da de ra cdc nhiem vu cu the cho khang chien, nhan manh: Ve chinh tri phdi thuc hien "Toan ddn dodn ket, khang chien Idu dai " Ve qudn su, phdi "Phdt trien chien tranh du kich ngay trong viing dich kiem sodt vd ngay trong cdc thanh phd dich tam thdi lam chii, vira tieu hao, vira tieu diet dich " {75,28-29} Hdi nghi cung chu tmong tien hanh dai hdi dang bg cdc cap hen khu, tinh, huyen, xd de cimg cd lai cap uy, bd sung can bd do su xdo ddng Idn sau ngay khdng chien todn qude bimg nd Thuc hien chii truong mdi cud Tmng uong Dang, dudi su chi dao cua cdc phdi vien cap tren, trong cdc thdng giua nam 1947, Dang bd cdc tinh thuge vimg dudng 5 da tien hdnh dai hoi dai bieu Dang bd tai cdc dia diem ma ta vdn giii vimg quyen lam chii Thdng 4-1947, la dai hdi dai bieu Dang bd Hai Duong, thdng 5-1947 la dai hdi Dang bg cdc tinh Bde Ninh, Hung Yen, thdng 7-1947 la dai bgi eiia Dang bd Hai Kien Trgng tdm cua dai hdi cdc Dang bd la tap trung qudn triet dudng ldi khdng chien ciia Dang, kiem diem nghiem tiie qua trinh td chuc khdng chien d dia phuong, vach ra phuong hudng nhiem vu cua Dang bd vd kien todn co quan lanh dao, chi dao d tinh vd cdc khu vue
Ddnh gid lai nhiing thdng dau ndm 1947, cdc Dang bg deu nhdn thay chien
su dien ra qud nhanh, viee qudn triet dudng ldi cua Dang chua sdu sdc vd cu the nen edn liing tiing trong viee td chuc ngdn chan cdc cude tien cdng cua dich vd cdc boat dgng khdc Nhu d Hung Yen, Dai hoi cho rdng: "Viee ehuan bi khdng chien edn d at, thieu cu thd, chua ed ke hoach rd rdng, chua phdn cdng chd tiei ai di?, ai d?, ddnh dddu?, ddnh the ndo? " {17,56}
Tuy vdy, cdc Dang bd deu ed nhdn dinh ehung la bau het edn bd, nhdn ddn cdc dia phuong da hdng hdi tham gia khdng chien, tin tudng d Dang, Bde Hd, tin tudng d thdng lgi cudi ciing cua khdng chien Phong trao quan ehung kien quyet, nhanh chdng dung len tien hdnh cude khdng chien vdi mgi loai vu khi trang bi
Trang 3735 mgi hinh thue nhu vdy da ehung td eac Dang bd da lanh dao qudn ddn dia phuong ch^p hanh nghiem chinh menh lenh toan qude khdng chien cua Tmng uong Dang, hudng ling kip thdi Ldi keu ggi cuu nude thieng heng cua Chu tich Hd Chi Minh Dieu dd eiing cd nghia la cdc Dang bd da lanh dao phdt ddng vd bude ddu td chuc thanh cdng cude Khang chien tren dia phuong minh, trong dd quan trgng la cdc
khu vue cd tuyen dudng Ha Ndi -Hai Phdng di qua, noi cd nhieu qudn dich nhat
Ve phuong hudng nhiem vu, can cu vao hoan canh cua tiing dia phuong,
trong dd net ndi bat ehung la do bi dich chiem ddng mot phan, cdc Dang bd diu
khdng dinh phai quan triet sdu sdc va trien khai rgng rai euge chien tranh nhdn ddn, toan ddn, toan dien, Idu dai va dua vdo siic minh la chinh theo dudng ldi
khdng chien ehung cua Dang Song phai duge cu the hod, van dung sdng tao
dudng ldi dd d dia phuong minh, bao gdm nhiing van de co ban nhu:
Mot la, ra sue lanh dao xdy dung khdi doan ket toan ddn, neu cao khau hieu ddc lap dan tdc, thue hien quan dan, chinh, dang nhat tri Kien quyet giu dat, bam dan, quyet khdng cho dich ldi keo dan ve phia chiing,
Hai la, triet de dp dung mgi hinh thiic ddnh giac ed tmydn cua dan tdc, chii trgng hinh thiie chien tranh "du kich van ddng", thue hien chien tranh phd hoai, nhat la phd hoai giao thdng van tai dich tren tuyen dudng Ha Ngi-Hai Phdng Vira ddnh djch vira xdy dung luc lugng ta, lay siing giac bdn giac, vira khdng chien vira kien qude
Ba la, tich cue lanh dao xdy dung luc lugng vu trang dia phuong, phdt trien manh ddn qudn, du kich Phdt ddng todn ddn, ndng cdt la bg ddi dia phuong, dan quan du kich chdng djch can quet, phd te trii gian, khdng cho dich lap lai he thdng chinh quyen tay sai phan dgng
Bdn la, nhanh chdng cung cd lai he thdng td chile Dang, nhat la td chuc Dang CO sd d viing tam chiem Tren co sd phong trao khdng chien ciia toan ddn, tich cue phdt trien dang vien mdi, lua chgn vd bd sung them edn bd, tang cudng
bg mdy td chile chi dao, chi huy cdc cap, bao dam hen lac thdng sudt, giir viing chinh quyen vd cdc dodn the khdng chien
Dai hdi cdc tinh da bau BCH vd quyet dinh thdnh lap Ban chi dao viing tam
cidem cdc cap d cap tinh Ban chi dao viing tam bi chiem do mot dong chi Tinh
Trang 38uy vien phu trach, cdc uy vien la Bi thu Huyen uy cdc huyen ed viing bi dich tam chiem Tuy ten ggi khdc nhau, nhu d Hung Yen ed Ban Cdng tdc vimg tam chiem ( do ddng Le Quy Quynh phu trdeh), d Hai Duong ed Ban Chi dao viing tam chiem (do ddng chi Nguydn Nang Hach phu trdeh), d Hai Kien cd Tieu Ban vimg ddt bi chiem ddng (do ddng chi Nguydn Phii Tuyen chi huy), d Bde Ninh cd Ban lanh dao ddu tranh Nam phan , song cdc Ban ndy deu ed nhiem vu gidng nhau la lanh dao, td chiic cdc boat ddng khdng chien tren dia ban do dich kiem sodt Cdc tinh deu coi cdng tdc trgng tdm cua dia phuong la d viing sau lung dich, trong dd khu vue ed tuyen dudng Ha Ndi- Hai Phdng di qua la gay go, de het vd quan trgng nhdt
Sau dai hoi dang bg cap tinh, cae huyen da md hdi nghi qudn triet dudng ldi khdng chien cua Tmng uong Dang vd nhung chii truong cu the ciia cap tren Dang bg eac huyen viing tam bi chiem, hau bet la nhiing huyen cd tuyen dudng
Ha Ndi- Hai Phdng di qua, da duge cdc Tinh uy quan tdm chi dao, hudng trgng tdm cdng tdc vao thuc hien cdc nhiem vu, chu truong ehung do dai hdi cdc Dang
bg tinh da de ra Quan diem khdng chien toan ddn, todn dien, lau ddi, dua vao sue minh la ehuih duge phd bien sdu rdng vd qudn triet them mot bude cho edn bd, dang vien, ddn qudn, du kich va nhdn dan
Dai hdi dang bd cdc cap dgt nay cd mot y nghia quan trgng ddi vdi cdc dia phuong dgc tuyen dudng Ha Ndi- Hai Phdng Qua cdc dai hdi, he thdng td chuc,
bg may lanh dao dang bd cae cap da duge cimg ed lai, tu tudng ciia can bd, dang vien va nhdn dan duge thdng sudt, phan khdi, tin tudng hon Cdc Dang bd deu da ndng cao them mot bude nhdn thiic ve vi tri, vai trd ciia cude khdng chien ciia cdc dia phuong cd tuyen dudng giao thdng huyet mach di qua, khdng nhiing trong pham vi mdi huyen, mdi tinh ma edn ed quan he tdi ed chien trudng Bde Bd vd vdi
ca nude Ddng thdi tren co sd nhan thuc rd hon vi tri tuyen dudng md ed y thuc phdi hgp cdc boat ddng ehung trong thue te cdng tdc, chien dau, phd hoai giao thdng van tai dich
Miia he nam 1947, tai Dai tir, khi bdn ve chu tmong hoat dgng d khu vue dudng 5 vdi Tu lenh Chien khu III, Tdng Tu lenh Vd Nguyen Gidp nhan manh:
"Day se la noi gianh gidt de liet giiia ta vd dich, can diing cdc td du kich bi mat vd
Trang 39duge xde dinh rd rang, cu the "Mat trdn Dudng 5", bao gdm toan bd luc lugng va
eac hoat dgng cua qudn ddn ta khu vue dgc tuyen dudng sdt, dudng bd Ha Hai Phdng duge hinh thanh tren thuc te
Ndi-Vdi su chi dao ciia Ban chi dao vung tam chiem cua cdc tinh, cdc huyen viing dudng 5 da ddy manh cdng tdc xdy dung luc lugng vd mgi mat, tich cue ndm tinh hinh, td chiic quay rdi phd hoai, tieu hao qudn dich
Ve cimg ed xdy dung luc lugng, ban chi dao vung tam chiem cdc tinh da chi dao eac huyen khan tmong khdc phuc nhiing thieu sdt, de ra nhieu bien phdp
cu the Nhu vide van ddng nhdn ddki tan cu, cdc huyen uy da quy dinh: nhirng noi ven dudng giao thdng quan trgng hoac gan vi tri dich phai td chiic tan cu triet de; nhiing noi xa vi tri djch tir 2km trd len, phai td chiic cat giau tai san, van dgng nhdn ddn ngay di so tdn ddm ve san xuat Thue hien chii truong cua Hdi nghi ddn ^
quan todn qude lan thu nhat, til thdng 6-1947, eac co quan chi huy qudn su dia phuong duge thanh lap, timg bude chan chinh bidn che, td ehiic cdc don vi vii trang He thdng chi huy qudn su nay duge bd tri ndm trong he thdng UBKH cdc
cap, dat dudi su lanh dao true tiep cua cap uy, ndn tir ddy, cdc dang bd da thue
hien duge vai trd lanh dao khdng chien ngay cang ed hieu qua hon Cdc tinh da
cai td cdc don vi canh vd thanh bd ddi dia phuong, xdy dung tir 3 ddn 4 dai ddi thuge tinh ddi Tinh Hai Duong cd cdc dai ddi 29, 50, 126 vd 77 Tinh Hung Yen
ed cdc dai dgi 25, 16, 14 Tinh Hai Kien cd dai ddi 61, 65, 295, 195 Mdi huyen cimg ed 1 tmng ddi du kich thodt ly Huyen An Duong ed tmng ddi Dang Cuong, Kim Thdnh cd tmng ddi du kich Kim Thanh, Cam Giang cd tmng dgi Quang Tmng, Binh Giang ed tmng dgi Ld Lgi, Nam Sdeh cd tmng dgi Qude Tuan, My Hao cd tmng dgi Hdng Chdu, Van Ldm cd tmng ddi Le Huynh, Yen My cd tmng
Trang 40doi Bai Say, Gia Lam co trung dpi Hong Ha O cdc xa co luc luong dan quan dong dao, trong do m6i xa xdy dung 1 tieu dpi du kich thoat ly, dupe trang bi Sling trucmg cae loai, con so dong du kich chi co ma ta'u, dao gam, min, luu dan
De diy manh viee danh pha giao thong van tai dich tren tuyen duong Ha
Npi-Hai Phong, cae tinh con xay dung cae don vi co chuyen mon, ky thuat rieng Tinh Hung Yen co mot trung dpi cong binh chuyen bam duong de danh dia loi (Trung dpi nay sang nam 1948 da phat trien thanh dai dpi Vu Ho) Tinh Hai Kien thanh lap dpi giao thong chien Kien An ( dpi cong binh dac biet)
Hoat dong soi noi nhat cua nam 1947 la viee dong dao dan quan du kich thucmg xuyen pha hoai giao thong cua dich Tinh uy Hai Duong va Tinh uy Hung Yen neu khau hieu: "Ngay dieh lam chu, dem ta lam chu; ngay dich sua duong, dem ta pha duong" Sudt mot thcd gian dai, tren duong 5 doan tir thi xa Hai Duong den Dinh Dii, lien tue bi pha hoai, quay rdi, bod hang ngan dan quan du kieh eae huyen , cae xa ven dudng
Ddng thdi vdi cae hoat ddng pha hoai giao thdng ram rd bang cude, xeng cua ddng dao dan quan du kieh, cae tran phuc kich danh min da xuat hien, gay nen nhiing phong trao thi dua danh giac trong bd dpi, dui kich , trong nam nir thanh nien Ngay 20-1-1947 va ngay 23-2-1947, mdt don vi cdng binh cua E44 Cling du kich xa Cdng Hoa (Yen My) dat dia ldi d Phd Ndi, diet 2 xe tai va 20 ten , dich, md dau phong trao danh dia ldi d Hung Yen Nguy6n Van Huan, ngudi true tiep giat min d tran nay ve sau edn danh thdng nhieu tran nira, va trd thanh "vua min" Hung Yen vdi biet danh " Sau Dau" Chuyen danh min cua Nguydn Van Huan da dupe tinh uy Hung Yen chi dao tuyen truyen phd bien rdng rai trong dia phuong va cae don vi thude khu EI Mdt chien sT van cong chien khu 3 da viet lai tran danh min d Phd Ndi thanh mdt bai tau ndi, bieu diln d nhieu noi Ngay 4-5-
1947, du kich Cam Giang chdn min va phuc kieh d Mao Dien, pha 3 xe van tai, diet 29 ten
Trong thang 7-1947, cd hang loat tran danh du kich cua cae xa: du kich Dirong Xa pha cau Lirdng rdi chdn min diet xe tang dich; du kich Minh Due danh
min d eau Thinh Van; du kich Tien Tien, Tmng Kien, Chi Dao lien tue quay rdi vi
ttri dich d cau Ghenh, Nghla Ld