Objectives The thesis focuses on solving a number of basic tasks: Firstly, Systematize and overview the situation of research on social security and implement social security policies of
Trang 11 Rationale
Social security is considered as a product of progressive society, playing a particularlyimportant role in building and developing people, bringing about a happy life for people,contributing to social health and development, sustainable development of the country Socialsecurity has become a central issue in each country's sustainable development strategy and attractsthe attention of the entire society
In Vietnam, after more than 30 years of implementing the country renovation policy initiatedand led by the Party, the social security system increasingly plays a huge role in contributing tostabilizing the lives of workers; Ensuring safety and stability for the whole economy - society
Dien Bien is a mountainous province, bordering on the Northwest region of the country,Dien Bien faces many difficulties due to the steep, rugged, sharply divided mountainous terrain,often occurring natural disasters, pipe floods, flash floods , landslides causing serious human andmaterial damage; The economy is underdeveloped, while the proportion of ethnic minoritiesaccounts for the majority (85%), the intellectual level and life of the people in the province arealways low compared to the whole country, especially in the highland and border areas gender
Therefore, together with focusing on economic development, implementing social securitypolicies has become a strategic task of Dien Bien province The process of implementing socialsecurity policies in Dien Bien province from 2004 to 2014 has achieved important achievements,not only contributing to stabilizing and improving the lives of people but also contributing topromoting economic growth, democracy, fairness in the community, safety in society and nationalsecurity and defense in the province
However, besides the achieved achievements, the work of social security in Dien Bienprovince still exists inadequate issues, difficulties and reveals many limitations which are both frompolicy to organization only director Many indicators of social security in the province are lowerthan the region and much lower than the national average
A comprehensive, systematic study of social security of Dien Bien province from which todraw some experiences to help Dien Bien Provincial Party Committee have more references onsocial security policy and its implementation process contribute to providing more theory andpractice in solving social problems, especially social security in the province, in the Northwestregion and the whole country
Stemming from the above reasons, I chose the topic: "The process of implementing socialsecurity policies in Dien Bien province from 2004 to 2014" as a doctoral thesis of History, majoring
2.2 Objectives
The thesis focuses on solving a number of basic tasks:
Firstly, Systematize and overview the situation of research on social security and implement
social security policies of published researches in the country and around the world, drawconclusions about the position, role, and importance of social security work
Trang 2Secondly, analyze historical context and identify factors affecting social security and
implement social security policies in Dien Bien province
Thirdly, presenting the real situation of implementing social security policies in Dien Bien
province from 2004 to 2014 on 6 pillars: Poverty reduction; Jobs; Policies for people withmeritorious services; Social insurance; Social protection and basic social services
Fourthly, assess the achievements, limitations, causes, and characteristics in the
implementation of social security policies of Dien Bien province; draw some comments andexperience in the process of implementing social security policies in Dien Bien province from 2004
- Scope of space: The thesis focuses on studying the process of implementing social securitypolicies in Dien Bien province
- Scope of time: the research topic from 2004 is the year Dien Bien province wasestablished, 2014 was the time that Dien Bien province conducted a summary of 10 years ofestablishment of the province (2004-2014)
4 Theoretical basis and research methods
4.1 Rationale
The thesis is based on the theory of dialectical materialism and historical materialism ofMarxism - Leninism, Ho Chi Minh thought; views, guidelines, guidelines and policies of the Partyand the State on socio-economic development in general, social policies and social security inparticular
4.2 Research Methods
The thesis uses research methods mainly historical and logical methods, combined closelywith other methods such as: synthesis, analysis, statistics, surveys, interviews, comparison tosolve the tasks of the thesis
4.3 Resources
The thesis references, uses a combination of many different sources of documents: Archivedsources; Reference sources; Local historical documents by field surveys and fieldwork
5 New contributions of the thesis
- The thesis is the first comprehensive, systematic study on the process of implementingsocial security policies in Dien Bien province from 2004 to 2014
- Clarifying factors affecting the implementation of Dien Bien's social security policy,contributing to affirming the role of the Party and the State, the Party Committee of theGovernment, mass organizations and all strata of people in Dien Bien Province in implementingsocial security locally
- The dissertation analyzes the achievements and limitations of the implementation of socialsecurity policies in Dien Bien province, based on the results of the dissertation to draw some
Trang 3characteristics and experience in policy making , policies and implementation of social securitypolicies.
- The thesis is also a reference for research, compilation, teaching and learning about thehistory of social security in Dien Bien province
Trang 46 The layout of the thesis
In addition to the Introduction, Conclusion, List of references and appendices, the thesiscontent is structured into 4 chapters:
Chapter 1: Overview of research situation
Chapter 2: Factors affecting social security in Dien Bien province from 2004 to 2014
Chapter 3: Dien Bien Province implements the social security policy from 2004 to 2014
Chapter 4: Some remarks and lessons learned
Chapter 1 OVERVIEW OF THE RESEARCH SITUATION 1.1 Research situation related to the thesis topic
1.1.1 The research works on other countries’ social security
The milestone marking the formation of social security is the industrial revolution in thenineteenth century The first study was marked by the Social Security Act (Social Security) enacted
in 1935 in the United States Next are the studies expressed in the Atlantic Charter (1941) and theUniversal Declaration of Human Rights adopted by the United Nations General Assembly onDecember 10, 1948, as well as in international conventions and commitments other
By Richardson, J Henry (1960), in: "The Economic and Financial Aspects of SocialSecurity - International Investigation"; Authors: Ehtisham Ahmad, Jean Drèze, John Hills andAmartya Sen (1991) with the book: Social security in developing countries ”; By Ogus, AI, Barendt,
EM and Wikeley, N eds (2002), with a comparison: The Social Security Law provides basicknowledge about social security and social policy and international social security Author MartinFeldstein (2005), with the study "Structural reform of social security"; Author Журавлева ИринаВитальевна (2007), in the book entitled New Payment Order for Patients ”; Author Tran QuangTrung (2008) with the work: Balanced effect on social security ”; Authors: Duong Phu Hiep,Hansjorg Herr, Milka Kazandziska (2012), with the book Labor, wages, Social security: Someexperiences of the world compiled by Nguyen Thi Phuong Thao and Le Van Toan Author DinhCong Tuan and Dinh Cong Hoang (2013), in the book: Social Security of Northern Europe in theglobal economic crisis and lessons for Vietnam ”; Author Tran Thi Nhung (2008), in the book:Ensuring society in the current Japanese market economy ”; Author Tran Tin Dung (1997), in:
"Chinese social development support system"; Author Dang Dai Tung (2007), with the work:Report on reform and development of Chinese social security in 2005 - 2006 ”; Author Dang CongThanh (2008), in his book titled: "30 years of Chinese social security"; The author Huong Van Hoa(2010), in: Studying the social security system in Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao ”; Studies onsocial security in developed countries around the world such as the United States, Japan, NorthernEurope and Russia show that social security policies are formed early, plus the economy develops ahigh level of income so the system Social security system is very good China's researches on socialsecurity system, rural insurance system with Chinese characteristics, insurance regime, nursing,relief for 1 billion people have provided valuable experiences to building and developing a socialsecurity system for Vietnam
1.1.2 Studies on social security in Vietnam
Research work on social security in the country in recent years is very diverse and diverse
On the one hand, clarifying theoretical issues in social security work; on the other hand, reflects theurgent need of practical social security, ensuring the country's sustainable development Typicallyworks, such as:
Authors: Phung Huu Phu, Le Huu Nghia, Nguyen Van Hien, Nguyen Viet Thong - Editor (2016) with: Some theoretical and practical issues on socialism and the path to socialism
Trang 5Co-society in Vietnam over 30 years of renovation; Authors: Dinh The Huynh, Phung Huu Phu, Le HuuNghia, Vu Van Hien, Nguyen Viet Thong - Co-Editor (2015) with the book: Thirty Years ofInnovation and Development in Vietnam; World Bank Southeast Asia and Pacific (1995) withresearch report: Vietnam - Poverty Assessment and National Support Strategy; Le Bach Duong,Dang Nguyen Anh, Khuat Thu Hong (2005), with research work (bilingual English - Vietnamese):Social protection for disadvantaged groups in Vietnam; The authors Nguyen Van Thuong, ThangVan Phuc and Nguyen Minh Phuong (2006), with their works: Some socio-economic issues after 20years of renovation in Vietnam; Consultative Group Meeting for Vietnam in 2007, with researchreport on social protection: Vietnam Development Report 2008;
Author Mai Ngoc Cuong (2009), in: Building and perfecting the system of social securitypolicies in Vietnam, stating that the social security system in Vietnam has three components MaiNgoc Anh (2009), with her PhD thesis in Economics: Social security for farmers in marketeconomy conditions in Vietnam; Author Nguyen Hien Phuong (2009), with a doctoral thesis ofLaw: Theoretical and practical basis for the development and improvement of social securitylegislation in Vietnam; Nguyen Van Nhuong (2010), PhD thesis in Economics: Discussing socialsecurity policies with farmers after land acquisition to develop industrial zones: a study in BacNinh Author Nguyen Tan Dung (2010), with research published in the Communist Review:
“Ensuring better and better social security and social welfare is a key content of the Economic Development Strategy 2011-2020 ”; Authors: Pham Van Hung, Pham Quoc Viet andNguyen Thi Thanh Mai with Proceedings of international scientific workshops (2011), Socio-economic Development of Vietnam and Laos for the period 2011-2020; MOLISA (2011), with: Anumber of social security policies in Vietnam; Author Tran Hoang Hai (2011), in his book: Law onsocial security: Experiences of some countries for Vietnam; The author Nguyen Van Chieu (2013),with a PhD thesis in Philosophy, studies on: Social security policies and the role of the state inimplementing social security policies in Vietnam; Author Duong Van Thang (2013), with a thesisspecialized in Journalism: Researching the effectiveness of Journalism in communication activities
Socio-on social security in Vietnam during the period of internatiSocio-onal integratiSocio-on; Authors: Mai NgocCuong (cb), Mai Ngoc Anh, Phan Thi Kim Oanh (2013), with the book: Social security in Vietnam
in the period of 2012-2020 "; Authors: Le Quoc Ly (cb), Le Sy Thiep, Ho Van Vinh (2013), withthe book: Current social security policies and solutions; Authors: Dao Van Dung, Nguyen DucTrong (cb), Tran Quang Lam (2013): Social security policies affecting socio-economicdevelopment; Authors: Nguyen Thi Lan Huong, Pham Thi Bao Ha, Dang Nguyen Anh (2013):Challenges and solutions to sustainable social security policies for everyone in Vietnam andGermany ; Phan Thi Kim Oanh (2014), with her PhD thesis in Economics: "The role of the state insocial security for farmers in Vietnam"; Nguyen Mai Phuong (2014), with a doctoral thesis History:The Communist Party of Vietnam led the implementation of social security from 2001 to 2011;Author Nguyen Duy Dung (2015): Settlement of welfare Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines societyand lessons learned for Vietnam; Author groups: Doan Mau Diep (Editor), Dang Kim Chung, Bui
Sy Loi, (2015): Scientific basis of the construction of social security floors in Vietnam in the nearfuture; Author Nguyen Thi Tam (2015), PhD thesis Political economy: Ensuring social securityassociated with economic growth in Vietnam; Author Nguyen Van Tuan (2015), with a doctoralthesis History: The process of implementing social security policies in Hai Duong province from
1997 to 2010; The author Dong Thi Hong (2015), with his doctoral thesis of Economics: "Ensuringsocial security in Hanoi City"
In general, the above works have presented an overview of social security in both theoreticaland practical aspects The theoretical studies have clarified issues related to the concept, structure,model, social security system The research works in practice give readers a comprehensive picture
Trang 6of social security in the world and in Vietnam Thereby, helping the author be more aware of thetheory and practice, advantages and difficulties in the research process.
Trang 71.1.3 The research works related to the field of social security in Dien Bien province
After establishing the province in 2004, Dien Bien faced difficulties in all aspects.Therefore, up to now, the research works directly related to social security in general, basic policies
on social security in particular are very limited Only a few projects address individual issues insome areas of social security policies or the implementation of social security policies in theprovince In particular, there are works such as:
Lai Chau Provincial Party Committee (2002), with 2 volumes: History of Lai ChauProvincial Party Committee Authors: Nong Minh Quan, Nong Minh Quang, Nong Thi Thuy(2005), with the book: History of Dien Bien district Party Committee Editor 1 (period 1950 - 2000).Authors: Truong Xuan Cu, Nguyen Van Chuong, Lau Thi Mai (2009), with the book: Dien Bien -
100 years of construction and development (1909 - 2009) introducing history and geographicallocation , Dien Bien's natural conditions and people with the 100-year-old historical milestones ofDien Bien province Ethnic Minority Committee of Dien Bien (2009), with the topic: Studyingsolutions to improve the effectiveness of implementation of a number of ethnic policies in DienBien province, focusing on studying a number of major policies of the Party and The Stateprioritizes the socio-economic development of mountainous ethnic minority areas of Dien Bienprovince Authors: Pham Thanh Nghi (chief editor), Nguyen Cao Duc, Le Manh Hung (2010), withthe work: Human Development in the Northwest of our country, has quantitative analysis of humandevelopment in the West North based on human development indicators, comparing HDI andcomponent indicators of 4 provinces: Hoa Binh, Son La, Dien Bien and Lai Chau The author groupNong Minh Quan (chief editor), Nong Thi Thuy, Tran Quoc Vuong (2011), with the work: "History
of Muong Lay Town Party Committee (1971 - 2011)" The author Le Huong Giang (2011), with amaster thesis in History: Dien Bien Provincial Party Committee in charge of poverty reductionimplementation from 2004 to 2010, clarified the objective requirements of Dien Bien ProvincialParty Committee in implementation HEPR in the years 2004-2010 By Nguyen Van Quan (2013),with a PhD thesis in Economics: Current situation and solutions to allocate agricultural land forresettlement of Son La hydroelectric plant in the locality In Dien Bien province, the situation ofagricultural land use of the area affected by the Son La hydropower project was assessed in DienBien province Authors: Nong Minh Quan, Nong Minh Giang, Tran Quoc Vuong (2013), with thebook: History of farmer movement and Farmer Association of Dien Bien Province (1974 - 2013).Author Pham Quang Hung (2014), with his master's thesis research: Implementing laws on peoplewith disabilities in Dien Bien province today, presented the theoretical basis for the implementation
of the law on people with disabilities , the situation of people with disabilities and theimplementation of the law for people with disabilities and set out perspectives and solutions toensure the implementation of laws for people with disabilities in Dien Bien Province The Ministry
of Planning and Investment, the People's Committee of Dien Bien Province and the World Bank(2015), with: The Research Report of the Poverty Reduction Project of Dien Bien Province period
2010 - 2015, presented specific content through six chapters The authors: Nguyen Thi Lan Huong(editor), Luu Quang Tuan, Dang Do Quyen (2015), with the work: Social security for ethnicminorities in Vietnam, presented the issue of social security for ethnic minorities in Vietnam:Characteristics, livelihoods, risks, poor situation of ethnic minorities; policies and access to socialsecurity of ethnic minorities in general and access to social security for ethnic minorities, case study
in Dien Bien province in particular and recommendations However, the research has only focused
on one social security target group of ethnic minorities, while other groups have not beenmentioned, it is necessary to have a research project on social security target groups in Dien Bienprovince
Trang 8The research works have only mentioned the general economic and political situation ofDien Bien province or a group of social security objects of Dien Bien province There have been nostudies on social security of Dien Bien province in the period of 2004 - 2014.
1.2 General comments on the research situation
1.2.1 Outline the major results of published works
1.2.1.1 In terms of material
The research works related to social security work are quite diverse in types of documents,including books, articles, journals, themes, schemes, proceedings of scientific workshops, theses,and dissertations , The research works are approached, exploited under many angles, manyranges of space and time However, the issue of social security for implementing social securitypolicies still has many new issues that need further study and are still an interesting topic While,most research on social security in localities has only been exploited at the level of scientific paperswithout many monographs or doctoral theses
1.2.1.2 In terms of the approach
The research works have approached from different perspectives such as sociology, politics,political economy, history and using research methods such as analysis, synthesis andcomparison , history, logic The variety of approaches to various levels and scope of research hasprovided graduate students with a sufficient knowledge and research methodology forimplementing social security policies
1.2.1.2 In terms of the research content
The above-mentioned studies have focused on solving some of the following basic issues:Firstly, initially clarifying the concept, function, structure and pillars of social security.Secondly, the system and analysis and clarification of the Party and State's policy on socialpolicy
Thirdly, some areas of social security such as poverty reduction, social insurance, healthinsurance, social assistance, social incentives, basic social services and proposing orientations andsolutions to better implement social security policies in Vietnam through each stage
Fourthly, initially research and implement social security policies from a historicalperspective, restore the social security picture and draw experience from the implementation ofsocial security policies in Vietnam However, there is a lack of local research works, especially inplaces with difficult conditions such as Dien Bien
The issue of broad-based social security is especially important in the socio-economicdevelopment of the country so the research on social security has always been meaningful in boththeory and practice Dien Bien province as well as many other provinces across the country stillneed comprehensive and systematic research works on the implementation of local social securitypolicies in the national research picture This is the gap that the topic fills
1.3 The issues that the thesis focus on researching
Inheriting the achievements of the previous researchers, grasping the remaining gaps aroundthe research issues related to the thesis topic; Sticking with the object, purpose, research task, theauthor of the thesis identified a number of issues that need further study and clarification in thethesis:
Firstly, it clarifies the theoretical issues related to policies and the process of implementingsocial security policies and also clarifies the Party's guidelines and policies and the practicalapplication of Dien Bien province on social security
Secondly, presenting the state of social security in Dien Bien province before 2004 andanalyzing the factors affecting the implementation of social security policies in Dien Bien provincefrom the time of establishing the province in 2004 to 2014
Trang 9Thirdly, clarify the process of implementing social security policies in Dien Bien province inthe areas of: creating jobs for workers; hunger eradication and poverty reduction; policies for peoplewith meritorious services; Social insurance for the poor; Social Protection; ensure minimum basicsocial services for people.
Fourthly, evaluate the results of implementing social security policies, characterize and drawsome experiences in the implementation of social security policies in Dien Bien province Inaddition, to clarify the characteristics of implementing social security in Dien Bien, the thesis alsocompares with some neighboring provinces in the region
Through an overview of the research works, it has helped me see clearly the picture of socialsecurity of Vietnam and Dien Bien province Since then, the approach of the research topic issuitable to the historical specialization, honestly reflecting a historical period of Dien Bien province
to implement social security policies from 2004 to 2014
Chapter 2 FACTORS AFFECT TO SOCIAL SECURITY WORK IN DIEN BIEN PROVINCE
FROM 2004 TO 2014
2.1 Some theoretical and general issues on social security situation in Dien Bien province before 2004
2.1.1 Concept of social security and social security policies
2.1.1.1 Concept of social security
Because of the variety of content, methods and approach angles, theoretical researchers, aswell as practical leaders still have many ways to understand social security Can be generalized intwo broad and narrow meanings In a broad sense: Social security is a guarantee for the exercise ofhuman rights in order to ensure peace, security and safety in society In a narrow sense, socialsecurity is the guarantee of income and some other essential conditions for individuals, families andcommunities in case of reduction or loss of income due to reduced or incapable tuberculosis work
or loss of employment; for lonely elderly people, orphaned children, disabled people, the weak,people affected by natural calamities
In the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), Article 22 addresses the concept ofsocial security; International Labor Organization (ILO) introduced the concept of social security;The World Bank (WB) is one of the organizations with a lot of contributions to supporting theimplementation of social security policies in many countries around the world to define socialsecurity; Agreeing with the World Bank, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) also stated theconcept of social security; In Vietnam, according to the Vietnam Encyclopedia Dictionary, Volume
I, researchers and policy makers have agreed to introduce the concept of social security; At aninternational workshop with the topic: "Social security system in Vietnam" on August 22, 2007, Dr.Nguyen Hai Huu introduced the concept of social security;
From above aspects, in order to unify easily, according to the author of the thesis, theconcept of the International Labor Organization (ILO) is used: “Social security is a protection thatsociety provides to cities Through a number of widely applied measures to cope with difficulties,economic and social shocks that result in loss or serious loss of income due to illness, maternity,and injury due to labor, loss of labor, or death Providing medical care and subsidies to victims'families with children ”or to put it more succinctly:“ Social security is the provision of welfare forhouseholds and individuals through the mechanism of the state or collectives to prevent a decline inliving standards or improve low living standards ”
2.1.1.2 Concept of social security policy
Trang 10According to the concept of social security above, it can be seen that Social security is thefirst and foremost protection of society for its members This protection is achieved through publicmeasures and by the government's social policies The purpose of these policies is to create a legalcorridor or regulations, committed to helping members of society in the face of events, "socialrisks" that lead to reduction or loss of income … Accordingly, the concept of social security policy
is also defined by Vietnamese researchers and policy makers: “Social security policy is a basicsocial policy of the State to implement prevention function, limiting and overcoming risks, ensuringincome and safety for members of society "
According to Resolution 15-NQ / TW of June 1, 2012, Vietnam's social security policysystem is built on the risk management principle, while emphasizing the role of providing basicsocial services for The people, including 4 basic policy groups as follows: (1) Employment policygroup to ensure minimum income and reduce poverty (2) Social insurance policy group (3) Socialassistance policy group (4) Basic social service policies to increase access to basic services to aminimum Compared to the popular model in the world, the social security policy system inVietnam has a specific component, which is a social preferential policy for people with meritoriousservices to the revolution
2.1.2 Some theoretical issues about social security
After World War II (1945), the social security theory was expanded to research in manydeveloped capitalist countries and spread to the independent countries in Asia, Africa and theCaribbean Since 1935, the United States has enacted the Social Security Act, which provides forthe protection of the elderly, survivors, disability and unemployment benefits Since then, the termsocial security is officially used and the world considers it to be the first law on social security By
1941, social security was mentioned in the Atlantic Charter, and later the International LaborOrganization (ILO) formally adopted the term social security in international conventions
In Vietnam, in the first half of the twentieth century, President Ho Chi Minh's nobleaspiration and purpose was to liberate the people and bring about social progress and justice,
"fellow citizens can also work and work well-dressed, well educated, frail elderly people, childrenare cared for ” With a strategic, comprehensive and creative vision, President Ho Chi Minh hasinitiated and laid the foundation for the implementation of social policies in general, including thesocial security system in particular in each specific period of the revolutionary process in ourcountry Applying the Marxist-Leninist creations The Communist Party of Vietnam is alwaysinterested in developing and perfecting the theory of social security; strengthening the development
of the legal system and policies for the development of social sectors in general and social security
in particular
2.2 Factors affect to social security in Dien Bien province from 2004 to 2014
2.2.1 Natural and social -economic conditions
2.2.1.1 Natural conditions
Dien Bien province has geographical coordinates from 20 ° 54 'to 22 ° 33' north latitude andfrom 102 ° 10 'to 103 ° 36' East longitude, Dien Bien is a province sharing the border with the twocountries Laos and China is more than 400 km long The topography of Dien Bien Province islower from the North to the South and gradually slopes from the West to the East It is a complextype of terrain, mainly steep, rugged and strongly divided hills, many landslides and floods of rockymud Typically, it is the cause of phenomena such as floods, earthquakes and frequent landslidesand flash floods especially in the rainy season Located in the watershed of the three major rivers ofVietnam, the Da River, the Ma River and the Mekong River Water resources from the river systemare plentiful, but due to the geological structure plus high and sloping terrain, it is difficult to holdwater in the dry season and prone to floods in the rainy season Dien Bien has a tropical monsoon
Trang 11high mountain climate, harsh climate, affected by climate change Dien Bien has a natural area of 9,562.9 km2 (accounting for 2.9% of the country's area), land with high slopes, frequently causingwater shortages, the development of irrigation canals and systems; Infrastructure investment is verydifficult Due to limited economic and technical capacity, the benefits from forests, unexploitedforestry livelihoods, and life are still poor.
2.2.1.1 Social and economic conditions
Since the separation of the province in 2004, Dien Bien's economy has developed in bothsize and quality towards commodity production However, Dien Bien is still a province belonging
to the medium economic group In the ranking of Vietnam's Provincial Competitiveness Index in
2014, Dien Bien province ranked 63/63 provinces and cities The province has formed concentratedand specialized production areas such as rice and rice in Muong Thanh field; Tua Chua tea andrubber trees; coffee, macadamia Muong Ang; Cardamom Week
Trade in services has grown rapidly in terms of network, size and quality; The potential ofhistorical, spiritual, ecotourism, national cultural identity and advantages of border gates has beeninvested, exploited and developed to become an important economic sector in the local economicrestructuring National highways in the province have been upgraded and renovated Dien Bienhas an Dien Bien Phu airport serving the Hanoi - Dien Bien Phu - Vientiane - Luong Pha Bangroute The road network currently has 20 provincial roads with a total length of 683.06 km, 87district roads with a length of 1,260 km, 1,575.8 km inter-commune roads, 1,667.7 km of civilroads
Dien Bien is a province with rich tourism potential, especially in the field of culture andhistory The number of tourists coming to Dien Bien is increasing Total revenue from tourismactivities increased rapidly due to the advantage of the historical system attached to the Dien BienPhu campaign with many special national monuments
- Cultural and social
Dien Bien is associated with many historical relics Dien Bien Phu and many culturalfestivals, especially flower festivals and Ban Phu citadel festivals
When the province was split, the population of Dien Bien province was 423,000, in 2014there were 538,100 people According to the General Statistics Office, up to 2009, Dien Bienprovince has 19 ethnic groups Dien Bien has 10 administrative units: 1 city, 1 town and 8 districts.Dien Bien is a province with a low proportion of the population aged 15 and older (71.4%),standing only in Lai Chau province (64.3%, the whole country is 94.8%) Low intellectual level,weak and weak staff The situation of political security in the province often has many complicatedchanges These difficulties greatly affect the work of social security in the province The number
of beneficiaries of social security policies is high, with many unexpected risks, while social securityresources are very limited
Health activities, health target programs have always been maintained and implementedeffectively as planned, the quality of medical examination and treatment at medical facilities hasbeen gradually improved Dien Bien Education is flourishing The province has 517 schools.However, the educational activities in Dien Bien are still facing many difficulties, lack of facilities,obstacles to the school, and a great challenge for teachers to "carry the word" to the children in theregions high Religious activities step by step into order However, religious activities havecomplicated times being taken advantage of by bad forces, causing instability in the area, affectingthe social security of the province
With natural and socio-economic conditions facing many difficulties, the implementation ofsocial security policies for people in Dien Bien province is also greatly affected
2.2.2 Social security situation in Dien Bien province before separation
Trang 12Before 2004, Dien Bien province belonged to the former Lai Chau province In therenovation process, social security and welfare have achieved certain results System of socialsecurity and richness policies
Fifthly, poverty reduction programs from local budgets, such as the Program of 500 uplandvillages, aim to solve urgent tasks in the period of 2001-2005 Poverty reduction in the province hasachieved a lot Outstanding achievements, highly appreciated by all levels and branches: Thepoverty rate in 1995 was 52.1%, in 2000 it was 31%, in 2004 it was 28.52% (according to the oldcriteria) [5, p .376],
Implementing Resolution No 120 / NQ-HDBT on guidelines, directions and measures tocreate jobs, Lai Chau province has focused on directing and issuing many practical support policies,such as: Loan project capital from the National Fund for Employment (implemented since 1992)
On 2/8/1995, Lai Chau social insurance was established and officially put into operation In
2002, implementing the Decision No 20/2002 / QD-TTg of the Prime Minister on transferringhealth insurance to provincial social insurance in accordance with the principles of procedures As aresult, the number of employees participating in social insurance in the province increased.However, there are still some weaknesses The former Lai Chau social insurance authority alsocooperated with a number of relevant branches to advise the provincial People's Committee to issuehealth insurance cards for the poor under the Prime Minister's Decision 139 / QD-TTg of October
15, 2002 for 560,000 people , worth 50,000 VND / person including the poor of 120 extremelydifficult communes and ethnic minorities By 2003, 54,038 people participated in health insurance.Social insurance and health insurance systems are interested in developing with increasingly richcontent and forms, in order to share risks and provide practical assistance to participants Socialinsurance is implemented in a synchronous manner with 3 types: compulsory insurance, voluntaryinsurance and unemployment insurance
Social assistance policies, implemented more broadly in scope, beneficiaries with increasinglevels of assistance
Social service system has been interested in developing, prioritizing investment indisadvantaged highland and border areas, where many ethnic minorities live In June 2000, LaiChau province was recognized as a national standard for preventing illiteracy and universalizingprimary education By 2000, the whole province had 8 district-level television stations, 12communal television relay stations and densely populated areas
In addition to the achieved results, the work of social security in the province is still limited,such as: Job creation, raising income for people has not achieved results The vocational training ofrural labor has not yet come into practice, has not created many jobs for the subjects afterapprenticeship Labor export has not been implemented in the province The percentage of poorhouseholds, the relapse into poverty remains high, lacks sustainability The life of a part of thepopulation, especially in the highlands, ethnic minority areas still faces many difficulties, theincome gap of the population classes is still large The number of people participating in voluntarysocial insurance is still small, especially for the near poor households State management on socialinsurance and health insurance has not met the requirements The rate of malnourished children inthe province is still high and declines slowly The state management of education and training is stillinadequate The quality of education and training is not uniform, slowly being improved betweenhighland and lowland areas in the province The proportion of people with access to minimumservices, such as: hygienic housing and clean water remains low [5, p.434] The above-mentionedshortcomings on social security impose a heavy duty on social security implementation for DienBien province in the 2004-2014 period
Trang 132.3 The process of renewing the policies of the Dien Bien Party and Party Committee
in the implementation of social security policies
2.3.1 Party guidelines on the implementation of social security policies
The 6th Congress of the Party (1986), only mentioned social justice, the 7th Congress (in1991) mentioned social progress, the 8th Congress (1996) defined more clearly: Increase Economicideas must be associated with social progress and justice right in every step, in every policy andthroughout the development process However, the term "social security" has not yet officiallyappeared in the text of the 8th Congress
At the 9th Congress (2001), the word "social security" was officially used in the document,with the policy of "Expeditiously expanding the social insurance system and social security Earlydevelop and implement unemployment insurance policy ” Thus, the document of the IX Congressfor the first time marked an important milestone of the Party's views and guidelines on socialsecurity
Inheriting and developing the content of the 9th Party Congress (2001), at the Tenth PartyCongress (2006) affirmed: "Social security needs to be diversified and associated with insurancepolicies"; At the same time, giving the strategic guiding thought is: Well implementing socialpolicies on the basis of economic development, associating interests with obligations, dedication toenjoyment, creating strong motivation stronger for socio-economic development The Resolution
of the Xth Congress of the Party advocates: "Building a diverse social security system, stronglydeveloping the social insurance and health insurance system, towards universal health insurance ;diversify types of social relief ” Concretizing the policy of the Resolution of the Congress, theResolution of the 6th Central Party Committee (Session X) clearly stated: “Gradually expandingand improving the social security system to meet increasingly better requirements diversification ofall strata of society, especially of the policy and poor groups ”
Go to the 11th Party Congress (2011) advocating: Create a clear step forward in theimplementation of social progress and justice, ensure social security, reduce the rate of poorhouseholds; improve people's health care conditions At the same time, clearly stating the views,orientations and specific content for each social security policy: Continue to amend and improve thesystem of social insurance, health insurance, unemployment insurance, diverse and flexible socialassistance and relief ability to protect and help all members of society, especially vulnerable andvulnerable groups, overcome difficulties or risks in life
The 2011-2020 Socio-Economic Development Strategy emphasizes: “Developing a diverse,increasingly expanding and effective social security system Develop strong insurance systems such
as social insurance, unemployment insurance, occupational accident insurance and occupationaldiseases Encourage and create favorable conditions for workers to access and participate in varioustypes of insurance Implementing preferential policies and constantly improving living standards forpeople with meritorious services Expand forms of social relief, especially for the disadvantagedpeople ” Especially, for the first time the Platform for building and developing the country in thetransition period to socialism (supplementing and developing in 2011) was approved by the 11thParty Congress (2011), emphasizing: improve the social security system ”
From that great policy, Resolution No 15-NQ / TW of the Central Party ExecutiveCommittee Session XI on June 1, 2012 on a number of social policy issues for the period of 2012-
2020 has set the following requirements: Social books must be placed on a par with economicpolicies and implemented synchronously with economic development, in accordance with thedevelopment level and resources capacity in each period , considering social security is a commontask important and important of the Party, the State, the whole political system and the wholesociety The resolution sets out specific tasks: