Definition Định nghĩa - Mệnh đề quan hệ Relative clauses là: mệnh đề phụ dùng để giải thích rõ hơn về danh từ đứng trước nó.. - Mệnh đề quan hệ thường được nói với mệnh đề chính bằng các
Trang 1unit 8 – new way to learn (các cách mới để học)
A VOCABULARY
Access
/ˈổkses/
(v)
Truy cập
You can easily access the Internet
Bạn cú thể truy cập Internet dễ dàng
Application
/ˌổplɪˈkeɪʃn/
(n)
ứng dụng
This device has many applications
Thiết bị này cú nhiều ứng dụng
Concentrate
/ˈkɒnsntreɪt/
(v)
Tập trung
I can't concentrate on my work Tụi khụng thể tập trung vào cụng việc
Device
/dɪˈvaɪs/
(n)
Thiết bị
This electronic device Is used for sending messages
Thiết bị điện tử này được dựng
để gửi tin nhắn
Digital
/ˈdɪdʒɪtl/
(adj)
Kĩ thuật số
My brother owns a digital camera
Anh trai tụi cú một cỏi mỏy ảnh
kĩ thuật số
Disadvantage
/ˌdɪsədˈvɑːntɪdʒ/
(n)
Bất lợi, khuyết điểm
One disadvantage of living abroad is language barriers Một bất lợi của sống ở nướỗ ngoài là rào cản ngụn ngữ
Educate
/ˈedʒukeɪt/
(v)
Giỏo dục
He always tries to educate his son well
Anh ta luụn cố gắng giỏo dục con trai tốt
Trang 2/ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃənl/
(adj)
thuộc giáo dục mang tính giáo dục
Teachers can use educational I games to make lessons become more Interesting
Các giáo viên có thể sử dụng các trò chơi mang tinh giáo dục để làm cho bài học thú vị hơn Fingertip
/ˈfɪŋɡətɪp/
(n)
đầu ngón tay
Use your fingertips to apply the cream gently
Sử dụng đầu ngón tay để thoa kem nhẹ nhàng
Identify
/aɪˈdentɪfaɪ/
(v)
nhận dạng
Some people in the accident have not been identified yet Một vài người trong vụ tai nạn vẫn chưa được nhận dạng
Improve
/ɪmˈpruːv/
(v)
Cải thiện
He should improve his pronunciation
Anh ấy nên cải thiện phát âm của mình
Instruction
/ɪnˈstrʌkʃn/
(n)
hướng dẫn
You should give the instruction clearly
Bạn nên đưa ra hướng dẫn rõ ràng
Native
/ˈneɪtɪv/
(adj)
bản xứ
I like speaking English with native speakers
Tôi thich nói Tiếng Anh với người bản xứ
Portable
/ˈpɔːtəbl/
(adj)
xách tay,
có thể mang theo
This portable computer is easy to use
Máy tinh xách tay này dễ sử dụng
Software
/ˈsɒftweə(r)/
(n)
phần mềm
You can download this software free from the Internet
Bạn có thể tải phần mềm này miễn phí trên mạng
Trang 3/ˈsɪləbl/
(n)
âm tiết
This word has three syllables
Từ này có 3 âm tiết
Technology
/tekˈnɒlədʒi/
(n)
công nghệ
With the advances in technology, people find it easier to keep in touch with their friends
Với sự phát triển cùa công nghệ thì con người cảm thấy dễ dàng liên hệ với bạn bè hơn
touch screen
/ˈtʌtʃ skriːn/
(n)
màn hình cảm ứng
It Is very convenient to take notn
on a touch screen
Rất thuận tiện do ghi chép trên màn hình cảm ứng
voice recognition
/ˈvɔɪs rekəɡnɪʃn/
(n)
nhận dạng tiếng nói
This application uses voice recognition technology
ứng dụng này sử dụng công nghệ nhận dạng tiếng nói
A GRAMMAR
* RELATIVE CLAUSES (MỆNH ĐẾ QUAN HỆ)
1 Definition (Định nghĩa)
- Mệnh đề quan hệ (Relative clauses là: mệnh đề phụ dùng để giải thích rõ hơn về danh
từ đứng trước nó Mệnh đề quan hệ đứng ngay sau danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa.
E.g: The girl is Nam's girlfriend She is sitting next to me.
The girl who is sitting next to me is Nam's girlfriend
- Mệnh đề quan hệ thường được nói với mệnh đề chính bằng các đại từ quan hệ (relative pronoum): who whom, which, whose, that hoặc các trạng từ quan hệ (relative adverb) where, when, why
+ Who: được dùng làm chủ ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ, thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người
E.g: My close friend who sings very well is your brother
Trang 4+ Which: được dùng làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ, thay thế cho danh
từ chỉ vật
E.g: Do you see the book which is on the table?
+ Whom: được dùng làm tân ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ, thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người.
E.g: The man whom I met yesterday is Hoa’s brother
+ Whose: được dùng để chhir sở hữu cho danh từ chỉ người hoặc vật đứng trước Sau
whose là danh từ mà nó làm sở hữu
E.g: Do you know the girl whose mother is a famous artist?
+ That: được dùng thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người hoặc vật “That” dùng để thay thế cho
“who, which” trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định
E.g: I don’t like houses which/ that are very old.
Các trường hơp nên dùng " that”
- Khi nó đi sau các hình thức so sánh nhất
E.g: It is the most boring book that I have read
- Khi nó đi sau các từ: only, the first the last
E.g: He is the first man that I have loved
- Khi danh từ phía trước chỉ người và vật
E.g: He is talking about the people and places that he visited
- Khi nó đi sau các đại từ bất định: nobody, no one nothing, anything, any one anybody, any, some, someone, somebody, all
E.g: These books are all that my grandmother left me
+ Where: là trạng từ quan hệ để thay thế cho các từ/cụm từ chỉ địa điểm, nơi chốn
E.g:This is my hometown I was born and grew up here.
→This is my hometown where I was born and grew up
+ When: là trạng từ quan hệ để thay thế cho cụm tù/từ chỉ thời gian
E.g:That was the day I met my wife on this-day.
→ That was the day when I met my wife
Trang 5+Why: là đại từ quan hệ chỉ tý do, thường thay cho cụm for the reason; for that reason … N(reason) + WHY + s + V
Eg: I don't know the reason You didn't go to school for that reason.
→ I don't know the reason why you didn't go to school
2 Classification (Phân loại)
* Mệnh đề quan hệ có hai loại: mệnh đề quan hệ xác định và mệnh
đề quan hệ không xác
a Mệnh đề xác định
- Là mệnh đề được dùng để xác định danh từ đứng trước nó, cần thiết cho ý nghã của câu, không có nó câu sẽ không đủ nghĩa Tất cả các đại từ quan hệ được sử dụng trong mệnh đề xác định
E.g: Do you know the name of the man who came here yesterday.
=> Mệnh đề xác định không có dấu phẩy
b Mệnh đề không xác định
- Là mệnh đề cung cấp thêm thông tin về người hoặc vật, không có nó thì câu vẫn đủ nghĩa
E.g: Miss Hoa, who taught me English, has just got married
=> Mệnh đề không xác định có dấu phẩy
* Note:
- That không được dùng trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định
E.g: Mr John, whom I met last week, is Miss Nga's husban
3 Omission of relative pronouns (Lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ)
Các đại từ quan hệ 'who, whom, which, that có thể được bỏ khi:
- Làm tân ngữ và phía trước không có giới từ:
E.g: This is the house that/ which I have bought for 10 years -> This is the house I have
bought for 10 years (Đây là ngôi nhà mà tôi đã mua được 10 năm.)
* Note: Lược bỏ đại từ quan hê chỉ dùng cho mệnh đề quan hệ xác định.
Trang 6BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BÀN
Bài 1: Choose the best answer to complete the sentence.
1 She is talking about the author _ book is one of the best-sellers this year
2 He bought all the books _are needed for the next exam
3 The children _parents are famous teachers, are taught well
4 Do you know the boy _we met at the party last week?
5 The exercises which we are doing _ very easy
6 The man _ next to me kept talking during the film, _ really ennoyed me
A having sat/ that B sitting/ which C to sit/ what D sitting/ who
7 Was Neil Armstrong the fisrt person _ set foot on the moon?
8 This is the village in _ my family and I have lived for over 20 years
9 My mother, _ everyone admires, is a famous teacher
10 The old building _ is in front of my house fell down
Bài 2: Choose the correct relative pronoun (who, which, whose).
1 I This is the bank _ was robbed yesterday
2 A boy _ brother is in my class was in the bank at that time
Trang 73 The man _ robbed the bank is my old friend.
4 He wore a mask _ made him look like Mickey Mouse
5 He came with a friend _ waited outside in the car
6 The woman _ gave him the money was young
7 The bag _ contained the money was yeilow
8 The people _ were in the bank were very frightened
9 A man _ mobile was ringing did not know what to do
10 A woman _ daughter was crying tried to calm her
Bài 3: Rewrite the sentences using who, whose and which.
1 A tiger is an animal It is very strong
→ A tiger _
2 A novelist is a person He writes novels
→ A novelist _
3 A bottle opener is a device It opens bottles
→ A bottle _
4 The girl speaks French Her mother writes poems
→ The girl _
5 A detective is someone He discovers the truth about crimes
→ A detective _
Bài 4: Complete the text with relative pronoun/ adverbs.
My daughter (1) _ is studying English at Oxford is going on holiday Her boyfriend Tim invited her to London (2) _ he bought a new house last month She is putting all her clothes into the suitcase (3) _ she has just bought Her sister, (4) has nothing better to do is watching her The train (5) she is going to catch leaves at
11 a.m Tim, (6) _ house she is going to stay in, is a doctor too Tim is coing for her to the station in a new car (7) his parents gave him for his birthday His parents are coming to London too My daughter, (8) has never met them before,
is very excited about it
Trang 8Bài 5: Underline any relative pronouns that can be left out in these sentences.
1 I think that my boss is the person whom I admire most
2 We are taking the train that leaves at 6.00
3 Have you seen the book that I left on the desk?
4 My radio, which isn’t very old, has suddenly stopped working
5 Last week I ran into an old friend whom I hadn't seen for ages
6 The couple who met me at the bus stop took me out to dinner
7 The bag in which the robbers put the money was found later
8 I really like the tea which you made me this morning
Bài 6: Rewrite each pair of sentences as one sentence using relative pronouns in the brackets.
1 We want to visit a temple 11 opens at 7.00 (that)
→ The temple
2 A boy s bike was taken He went to the police station (whose)
→ The boy
3 A friend met me at the airport He carried my suitcase (who)
→ The friend _
→The meal
5 The friend is staying with me She comes from Vietnam (who)
→ The friend _
→ The man _
7 I go to the shop in the centre It is cheaper (that)
→ The shop in the centre
Trang 9BÀI TẬP TỔNG HỢP NÂNG CAO
Bài 7: Choose the correct relative pronoun (who, which, whose).
1 I talked to the man _ car had broken down in front of the shop
2 Mr Nick, _ is a taxi driver, lives on the corner
3 We often visit our uncle in Hanoi, _ is the capital city of Vietnam
4 This is the girl _ comes from Japan
5 That's Tim the boy _ has just arrived at the airport
6 Thank you very much for your book _ is very interesting
7 That man, _ father is a professor, forgot his umbrella
8 The children, _ shouted in the street, are not from our school
9 The car, _ driver is a young man, is from Korea
10 What did you do with the money _ your mother lent you?
Bài 8: Choose the correct answer in the brackets.
1 A hotel is a place (which/ where) people stay when they're on holiday
2 What's the name of the woman (who/ whose) lives In that house?
3 What do you call someone (which/ that) writes computer programs?
4 A waiter is a person (that/ whose) job is to serve customers in a restaurant
5 Overalls are cloches (where/ which) people wear to protect their clothes when they are working
6 Is that the shop (where/ that) you bought your new laptop?
7 He’s the man (who/ whose) son plays football for Liverpool
8 Mark didn't get the job (that/ where) he applied for
Bài 9: Choose the correct relative pronoun or relative adverb
1 The woman is sitting at the desk is Mr John’s secretary
2 I cannot remember the reason he wanted us to leave
Trang 103 Kelly, mother is a physician, is very good at biology.
4 She didn't see the snake was lying on the ground
5 Do you know the shop Michael picked me up?
Bài 10: Combine the sentences with relative clauses (Decide whether to use commas or not)
1 A monk is a man The man has devoted his life to God
_
2 I have one black cat His name is Mickey
_
3 A herbivore is an animal The animal feeds upon vegetation
_
4 Sue plays the piano very well She is only 8 years old
_
5 Sydney is the largest Australian city It is not the capital of Australia
_
Bài 11: Choose the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction.
1 The man for (A) who the police (B) are looking (C) robbed (D) the bank last week
2 Today, (A) the number of people (B) whom moved into this city (C) is almost double (D) that of twenty years ago
3 They work (A) with (B) a person (C) his name (D) is John
4 (A) The man (B) whom you (C) are looking for (D) living in this neighborhood
5 (A) His father warned (B) him not (C) repeating (D) that mistake again
6 My mother (A, will fly to Hanoi (B) that is (C) the capital city (D) of Wetnam
7 She (A) is (B) the.most beautiful girl (C) whose I have (D) ever met
8 Every student (A) who (B) majors in English (C) are ready to participate (D) in this contest
Bài 12: Complete the sentences with relative pronouns/ adverbs.
Trang 111 Let me see the letter _ you have written.
2 Is there anyone _can help me do this?
3 Mr Brown, _ is only 34, is the director of this company
4 I know a Place _roses grow in abundance
5 It was the nurse _ told me to come in
6 The teacder with _ we studied last year no longer teaches in our school
7 They showed me the hospital _ buildings had been destroyed by US bombings
8 We saw many soldiers and tanks _ were moving to the front
Bài 13: Combine the sentences, using relative clauses.
1 Most of the people speak German They live in Australia
→
2 This bus isn't running today It goes to Hung Yen
→
3 I don't like the man He is going out with my sister
→
4 Michelangelo is one of Italy's greatest artists He lived until he was 90
→
5 Mary was staying with her friend He has a big house in Scotland
→
6 The person asked me some very difficult questions He interviewed me
→
7 Charlie Chaplin became a very rich man He was from a poor family
→
8 That bike was too expensive He wanted to buy it
→