Nâng cao năng lực cạnh tranh của doanh nghiệp bưu chính việt nam trong tiến trình hội nhập quốc tế tt tiếng anh

From the results of the analysis, the thesis quantifies the actual competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprise and how internal factors impact on competitiveness of Vietnamese postal

AND INVESTMENT AND TRAINING

CENTRAL INSTITUE FOR ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT

BUI THI QUYEN

IMPROVING THE COMPETITIVENES CAPACITY

OF VIETNAMESE POSTAL ENTERPRISES IN THE PROCESS OF INTERNATIONAL INTEGRATION

Supervisors: 1 Dr Nguyen Thi Tue Anh

2 Assoc.Prof.,Dr Vu Duc Thanh

The thesis will be protected before the Institutional Review Board meeting at the Central Institute for Economic Management at / /2020

The thesis can be found at:

- Library of Central Institute for Economic Management

- National Library, Hanoi

INTRODUCTION

1 Rationale

In current economic context, postal service is considered one

of the country's key service sectors, with rapid growth, contributing significantly to national income and creating more employment Vietnam is in the process of being integrated into the global economy, actively preparing the necessary conditions to meet the opportunities and overcome the challenges posed by integration

Vietnamese postal enterprises face many difficulties such as the quality of human resources, postal network infrastructure, and limited application of technology to business production and so on Such disadvantages will reduce the competitiveness of these enterprises in the process of international integration Therefore, it is necessary to carry out thorough research and find appropriate

solutions Thus, the topic "Increasing the Competitiveness of

Vietnamese Postal Enterprises in the process of International Integration" is selected for research

2 Research purpose

The research purpose is to assess the competitiveness of the Vietnamese postal enterprises It suggested several measures to improve the competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprises in the process of international integration

3 New contributions of the thesis

The thesis has developed a theoretical framework for the competitiveness of postal enterprise, established five criteria to assess the competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprises

The SEM model is selected to quantify the impact of internal factors on the competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprises

From the results of the analysis, the thesis quantifies the actual competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprise and how internal factors impact on competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprises The capacity to provide services has the strongest influence on the competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprises; following by the machinery capacity, equipment capacity technology application capacity, organizational & management capacity, network development capacity, integration capacity and financial capacity

Finally yet importantly, the thesis proposes two groups of solutions to improve the competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprises: for postal enterprises and for the state

4 Structure of the thesis

In addition to the introduction, conclusion, the list of reference and annexes, the content of the thesis will include four chapters

CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW

1.1 Published studies overview of competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprises

1.1.1 Foreign studies

Typical competitive researches include "Assessing the competitiveness of Canada’s agri-food Industry" by VarDwer, E.Martin and R.Westgren (1991); "Innovation and Competitiveness"

by J.Fagerberg, D.C.Mowery and R.R.Nelson, Oxford University Press (2003); “Competitiveness and the employment relationship in Europe: Is there a global missing link in HRM?” by Cristina Simón and Gayle Allard (2008); “Competitive strategy” by Micheal E Porter (1980)

Researches on competitiveness and development of postal industry include “Postal development report 2019” by UPU (2019);

“Aggregated LPI 2012-2018” by World Bank (2018); “Postal service competitiveness, an essential element in competitive struggle” by Irina Olimpia SUSANU, Lecturer Ph.D Nicoleta CRISTACHE, Lecturer

Ph.D Sofia DAVID, Lecturer Ph.D (2008), etc

1.1.2 Studies in Vietnam

"Strengthening the competitiveness of Vietnam Posts and Telecommunications Group in the context that Vietnam joins the World Trade Organization" by Tran Thi Anh (2012)

"Completing the Service Quality in current Vietnamese Postal Enterprises” by Ngo Phuc Hanh (2008)

“Developing the marketing strategy of Vietnam Post in the current period" by Tran Thi Thap (2011)

"Product & Service Development Policy of Vietnam Post in the current period" by Tran Thi Hoa (2012)

1.1.3 Factors affecting the competitiveness

There are some studies on such factors like "Competitiveness

of firms: Review of theory, frameworks and models” by Ambastha & Momaya (2004); “Crafting and executing strategy” by Thompson, Strickland & Gamble (2007); “Enhancing competitiveness of Vietnamese securities companies” by Nguyen Duy Hung (2016), and

so on

1.1.4 Research gap

There is lack of research on the competitiveness criteria of Vietnamese postal enterprises and a model that measures the impact of internal factors on competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprises

1.1.5 The main problems addressed in this thesis:

Firstly, a theoretical research on the competitiveness of postal enterprises and a clarification of the factors influencing the competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprises in the process of international integration, selecting typical criteria for assessing the competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprises

Secondly, a real situation analysis of the competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprises; pointing out the reasons, limitations and problems that need to be addressed in order to improve the competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprises in the process of international integration

Thirdly, interpreting and proposing feasible orientations and solutions to improve the competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprises

in the process of international integration

1.2 Orientation to solve all the matters in the thesis

1.2.1 Research objectives and questions

(i) Objectives: Assess the competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprises; propose orientation and solutions to improve the competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprises in the process of international integration

(ii) Research questions: What criteria used to assess the competitiveness of postal enterprise? Which factors affect to the competitiveness of postal service? What is the real situation of the competitiveness of postal enterprises over the past few years? What solutions are available to improve the competitiveness of Vietnamese postal service?

1.2.2 Research subject and scope

Research subject: competitiveness, criteria and factors that influence the competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprises in the process of international integration

Research scope:

- Content: The research focuses on studying competitiveness criteria, which measure the impact of internal factors on the competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprises in the process of international integration

- Place: Vietnamese market

- Time: data analysis and the real situation evaluation of the competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprises in the period of 2008-2019

1.2.3 Approaches and Methodology

Approaches used in the research: Historical/logic approach; Approach from the perspective of development economics; Approach from the State; Approach from the Enterprise side

Methodology: (1) Data collection: Primary and Secondary data collection; interview and investigation; (2) Data processing: statistic, qualitative and quantitative analysis

CHAPTER 2: THEORETICAL BASIC 2.1 The competitiveness and competitiveness of the postal enterprises

2.1.1 Definition of competitiveness

Competitiveness is the ability to create better and more appropriate products or services than its competitors, thus creating an advantage over its competitors

2.1.2 Definition of business competitiveness

Business competitiveness demonstrates the organization's capabilities and advantages over its competitors in meeting the best customers’ requirement in order to earn higher profits, by exploiting its strength and opportunities to create appropriate products or services, to attract consumers and develop further, to get higher profits and improve its position in the market

2.1.3 Competitiveness of the postal enterprises in the process of international integration

The competitiveness of postal enterprises is the ability to provide services efficiently, to expand market share and earn higher profits than its competitors An enterprise is considered to have good competitiveness is when it holds no.1 position as the market leader or its market position belongs to the top leading group

2.2 Criteria for evaluating the competitiveness of the Postal Enterprises in the process of international integration

The thesis selects the following criteria to assess the competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprises: Ability to maintain and expand market share; quality of services; service prices; branding, trust and corporate image; business efficiency

2.3 Factors affecting the competitiveness of the postal enterprises

in the process of international integration

2.3.1 External factors

Macro-environment factors are economic factors, political and legal forces, demographic forces, social and cultural forces, technological factors, integration factors

The elements of microenvironment are competitors, customers, marketing intermediaries, suppliers and publics

2.3.2 Internal factors

The internal factors of the enterprise are: financial capacity; service capacity; network development capacity; integration capacity; organizational, management capacity; equipment and machinery capacity and technological application

2.4 Theoretical Models of Business Competitiveness Analysis

Based on theoretical basic of studied models, this thesis identifies the research model of internal factors affecting the competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprise as follows:

Theoretical model of measuring internal factors affecting the

competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprises

Machines, equipment,

science and technology

The research hypotheses given are:

Hypothesis H1: Financial Capacity has a positive impact on competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprises

Hypothesis H2: Services Capacity has a positive impact on the competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprises

Hypothesis H3: Network development capacity has a positive impact on the competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprises

Hypothesis H4: Integration capacity has a positive impact on the competitiveness of Vietnamese postal enterprises

Hypothesis H5: Organizational and management capacities have a positive impact on the competitiveness of the Vietnamese postal enterprises

Hypothesis H6: The ability to apply science & technology, machinery & equipment utilization have a positive impact on the

competitiveness of the Vietnamese postal enterprises

Official Quantitative Research: Sample size: 316 units

Sampling Method: The sample is selected among postal enterprises in

Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City Data analysis: data is collected and

analyzed through Statistical analysis; Valuation Scale; Analysis of EFA elements; CFA analysis; Determination of Model adequacy with SEM analysis and bootstrap analysis

CHAPTER 3: COMPETITIVENESS SITUATION OF VIETNAM

POSTAL ENTERPRISES IN THE PROCESS OF

INTERNATIONAL INTEGRATION 3.1 Overview of current situation of Vietnam postal enterprises in the process of international integration

According to the global ranking by UPU, Vietnam was ranked 50/172 for the 2IPD postal development index (2018), and 45/172 countries (2019) There is an increase of 5 levels in ranking and of 0.06 points in 1 year

Regarding the number of enterprises: Up to 15.9.2019, the number of postal enterprises licensed to operate in Vietnam market was 431 with full economic components

Regarding revenue: The demand for postal services is increasing, the number of enterprises participating in Vietnam's postal market is increasing, and thus the revenue of this sector continuously increases over the years In 2019, the revenue is VND 34,311 billion

Regarding labor scale: The number of employees in the postal business fluctuates continuously over the years In 2019, the number

of employees in postal business is about 74,500 employees

3.2 Actual competitiveness analysis and assessment of Vietnam postal enterprises in the process of international integration

3.2.1 Ability to maintain and expand market share

Based on above analysis results, the most efficient level of operation belongs to state-owned postal enterprises and such enterprises are taking the lead in Vietnam post market, and then followed by private enterprises

3.2.2 Service quality

In general, the quality of postal services has improved years

by years, which proves that postal enterprises have gradually perfect their services According to the assessment of institutional and individual customers, the service quality of the state postal enterprises

is higher than that of private postal enterprises

3.2.3 Service prices

Each enterprise has built and applied a specific price list In case customers have great demand, the enterprises have their own policies to ensure benefits for customers

3.2.4 Brand, reputation and business image

All enterprises focus on building their brand image However,

it seems that the state postal enterprises are more prestige and better known than private postal enterprises

3.3.1 Macro-environmental factors

Economic factors: Vietnam economy continued to change positively in the first six months of the year, with gross domestic growth of 6.66% Macroeconomic was stable, exports made a

significant mark, consumers’ belief set a new record, inflation remained the lowest in three years 2017-2019

Legal forces: The Government has been working very hard to improve the policy regime, issue postal laws, resolutions, commitments and guidelines However, there are no legal documents

or law relating to e-commerce

Political forces: Vietnam has a stable politics, which guarantee consistent economic policy implementation Vietnam has always been

an attractive investment point for foreign postal enterprises also thanks

to political stability

Demographic forces: Vietnamese workforce is estimated to be around 48.8 million people, which will be a good source for postal enterprises

Socio-cultural forces: Post office transaction via Internet are becoming a popular trend in Vietnam, forcing enterprises to develop services in a way that serves the needs of society

Technological factors: Due to the development of technology, instead of taking and recording orders manually, postal enterprises need to apply new software and convenient applications

Integration factors: Vietnam joins WTO, ASEAN, APEC, etc, and actively participates in negotiations and signs the free trade agreements, which eliminates tariff barriers and creates opportunities for non-commercial delivery of goods

3.3.2 Micro-environmental factors

Competitors: So far, Vietnam has more than 400 companies operating in the postal business with full economic components The growing presence of more foreign firms, with large investments and