Quá trình thực hiện chính sách ASXH ở tỉnh điện biên từ năm 2004 đến năm 2014 tt tiếng anh

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAININGHANOI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION NGUYEN THI THAM PROCESS OF IMPLEMENTING SOCIAL SECURITY POLICIES IN BIEN BIEN PROVINCE FROM 2004 TO 2014 Specialt

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING

HANOI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION

NGUYEN THI THAM

PROCESS OF IMPLEMENTING SOCIAL SECURITY POLICIES IN BIEN BIEN PROVINCE FROM 2004 TO 2014

Specialty : Vietnam History

SUMMARY OF HISTORY DOCTORAL THESIS

Hanoi-2020

WORKS ARE COMPLETED AT Hanoi National University of Education

Scientific instructors: 1 Assoc Prof Nguyen Van Am

2 Assoc Prof Dinh Quang Hai

At: date time month year 2020

The thesis can be found at:

- National Library

- Library of Hanoi National University of Education

1 Rationale

Social security is considered as a product of progressive society, playing a particularlyimportant role in building and developing people, bringing about a happy life for people,contributing to social health and development, sustainable development of the country Socialsecurity has become a central issue in each country's sustainable development strategy andattracts the attention of the entire society

In Vietnam, after more than 30 years of implementing the country renovation policyinitiated and led by the Party, the social security system increasingly plays a huge role incontributing to stabilizing the lives of workers; Ensuring safety and stability for the wholeeconomy - society

Dien Bien is a mountainous province, bordering on the Northwest region of thecountry, Dien Bien faces many difficulties due to the steep, rugged, sharply dividedmountainous terrain, often occurring natural disasters, pipe floods, flash floods , landslidescausing serious human and material damage; The economy is underdeveloped, while theproportion of ethnic minorities accounts for the majority (85%), the intellectual level and life

of the people in the province are always low compared to the whole country, especially in thehighland and border areas gender

Therefore, together with focusing on economic development, implementing socialsecurity policies has become a strategic task of Dien Bien province The process ofimplementing social security policies in Dien Bien province from 2004 to 2014 has achievedimportant achievements, not only contributing to stabilizing and improving the lives of peoplebut also contributing to promoting economic growth, democracy, fairness in the community,safety in society and national security and defense in the province

However, besides the achieved achievements, the work of social security in Dien Bienprovince still exists inadequate issues, difficulties and reveals many limitations which are bothfrom policy to organization only director Many indicators of social security in the provinceare lower than the region and much lower than the national average

A comprehensive, systematic study of social security of Dien Bien province fromwhich to draw some experiences to help Dien Bien Provincial Party Committee have morereferences on social security policy and its implementation process contribute to providingmore theory and practice in solving social problems, especially social security in the province,

in the Northwest region and the whole country

Stemming from the above reasons, I chose the topic: "The process of implementingsocial security policies in Dien Bien province from 2004 to 2014" as a doctoral thesis ofHistory, majoring in Vietnamese History

2 Aims and objectives

2.1 Aims

Clarify the process of implementing social security policies in Dien Bien provinceafter 10 years of establishment of the province (2004 - 2014), in order to summarizeexperiences, contribute to providing scientific and practical arguments, help committees andgovernments The power of Dien Bien province is getting better and better, and implementingsocial security policy in the province

2.2 Objectives

The thesis focuses on solving a number of basic tasks:

Firstly, Systematize and overview the situation of research on social security and

implement social security policies of published researches in the country and around theworld, draw conclusions about the position, role, and importance of social security work

Secondly, analyze historical context and identify factors affecting social security and

implement social security policies in Dien Bien province

Thirdly, presenting the real situation of implementing social security policies in Dien

Bien province from 2004 to 2014 on 6 pillars: Poverty reduction; Jobs; Policies for peoplewith meritorious services; Social insurance; Social protection and basic social services

Fourthly, assess the achievements, limitations, causes, and characteristics in the

implementation of social security policies of Dien Bien province; draw some comments andexperience in the process of implementing social security policies in Dien Bien province from

- Scope of space: The thesis focuses on studying the process of implementing socialsecurity policies in Dien Bien province

- Scope of time: the research topic from 2004 is the year Dien Bien province wasestablished, 2014 was the time that Dien Bien province conducted a summary of 10 years ofestablishment of the province (2004-2014)

4 Theoretical basis and research methods

4.1 Rationale

The thesis is based on the theory of dialectical materialism and historical materialism

of Marxism - Leninism, Ho Chi Minh thought; views, guidelines, guidelines and policies ofthe Party and the State on socio-economic development in general, social policies and socialsecurity in particular

4.2 Research Methods

The thesis uses research methods mainly historical and logical methods, combinedclosely with other methods such as: synthesis, analysis, statistics, surveys, interviews,comparison to solve the tasks of the thesis

4.3 Resources

The thesis references, uses a combination of many different sources of documents:Archived sources; Reference sources; Local historical documents by field surveys andfieldwork

5 New contributions of the thesis

- The thesis is the first comprehensive, systematic study on the process ofimplementing social security policies in Dien Bien province from 2004 to 2014

- Clarifying factors affecting the implementation of Dien Bien's social security policy,contributing to affirming the role of the Party and the State, the Party Committee of the

Government, mass organizations and all strata of people in Dien Bien Province inimplementing social security locally.

- The dissertation analyzes the achievements and limitations of the implementation ofsocial security policies in Dien Bien province, based on the results of the dissertation to drawsome characteristics and experience in policy making , policies and implementation of socialsecurity policies

- The thesis is also a reference for research, compilation, teaching and learning aboutthe history of social security in Dien Bien province

6 The layout of the thesis

In addition to the Introduction, Conclusion, List of references and appendices, thethesis content is structured into 4 chapters:

Chapter 1: Overview of research situation

Chapter 2: Factors affecting social security in Dien Bien province from 2004 to 2014

Chapter 3: Dien Bien Province implements the social security policy from 2004 to 2014.Chapter 4: Some remarks and lessons learned

Chapter 1 OVERVIEW OF THE RESEARCH SITUATION 1.1 Research situation related to the thesis topic

1.1.1 The research works on other countries’ social security

The milestone marking the formation of social security is the industrial revolution inthe nineteenth century The first study was marked by the Social Security Act (SocialSecurity) enacted in 1935 in the United States Next are the studies expressed in the AtlanticCharter (1941) and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted by the United NationsGeneral Assembly on December 10, 1948, as well as in international conventions andcommitments other

By Richardson, J Henry (1960), in: "The Economic and Financial Aspects of SocialSecurity - International Investigation"; Authors: Ehtisham Ahmad, Jean Drèze, John Hills andAmartya Sen (1991) with the book: Social security in developing countries ”; By Ogus, AI,Barendt, EM and Wikeley, N eds (2002), with a comparison: The Social Security Lawprovides basic knowledge about social security and social policy and international socialsecurity Author Martin Feldstein (2005), with the study "Structural reform of social security";Author Журавлева Ирина Витальевна (2007), in the book entitled New Payment Order forPatients ”; Author Tran Quang Trung (2008) with the work: Balanced effect on social security

”; Authors: Duong Phu Hiep, Hansjorg Herr, Milka Kazandziska (2012), with the book Labor,wages, Social security: Some experiences of the world compiled by Nguyen Thi Phuong Thaoand Le Van Toan Author Dinh Cong Tuan and Dinh Cong Hoang (2013), in the book: SocialSecurity of Northern Europe in the global economic crisis and lessons for Vietnam ”; AuthorTran Thi Nhung (2008), in the book: Ensuring society in the current Japanese marketeconomy ”; Author Tran Tin Dung (1997), in: "Chinese social development support system";Author Dang Dai Tung (2007), with the work: Report on reform and development of Chinesesocial security in 2005 - 2006 ”; Author Dang Cong Thanh (2008), in his book titled: "30years of Chinese social security"; The author Huong Van Hoa (2010), in: Studying the socialsecurity system in Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao ”; Studies on social security in developedcountries around the world such as the United States, Japan, Northern Europe and Russiashow that social security policies are formed early, plus the economy develops a high level ofincome so the system Social security system is very good China's researches on socialsecurity system, rural insurance system with Chinese characteristics, insurance regime,nursing, relief for 1 billion people have provided valuable experiences to building anddeveloping a social security system for Vietnam

1.1.2 Studies on social security in Vietnam

Research work on social security in the country in recent years is very diverse anddiverse On the one hand, clarifying theoretical issues in social security work; on the other

hand, reflects the urgent need of practical social security, ensuring the country's sustainabledevelopment Typically works, such as:

Authors: Phung Huu Phu, Le Huu Nghia, Nguyen Van Hien, Nguyen Viet Thong - Editor (2016) with: Some theoretical and practical issues on socialism and the path tosocialism society in Vietnam over 30 years of renovation; Authors: Dinh The Huynh, PhungHuu Phu, Le Huu Nghia, Vu Van Hien, Nguyen Viet Thong - Co-Editor (2015) with the book:Thirty Years of Innovation and Development in Vietnam; World Bank Southeast Asia andPacific (1995) with research report: Vietnam - Poverty Assessment and National SupportStrategy; Le Bach Duong, Dang Nguyen Anh, Khuat Thu Hong (2005), with research work(bilingual English - Vietnamese): Social protection for disadvantaged groups in Vietnam; Theauthors Nguyen Van Thuong, Thang Van Phuc and Nguyen Minh Phuong (2006), with theirworks: Some socio-economic issues after 20 years of renovation in Vietnam; ConsultativeGroup Meeting for Vietnam in 2007, with research report on social protection: VietnamDevelopment Report 2008;

Co-Author Mai Ngoc Cuong (2009), in: Building and perfecting the system of socialsecurity policies in Vietnam, stating that the social security system in Vietnam has threecomponents Mai Ngoc Anh (2009), with her PhD thesis in Economics: Social security forfarmers in market economy conditions in Vietnam; Author Nguyen Hien Phuong (2009), with

a doctoral thesis of Law: Theoretical and practical basis for the development andimprovement of social security legislation in Vietnam; Nguyen Van Nhuong (2010), PhDthesis in Economics: Discussing social security policies with farmers after land acquisition todevelop industrial zones: a study in Bac Ninh Author Nguyen Tan Dung (2010), withresearch published in the Communist Review: “Ensuring better and better social security andsocial welfare is a key content of the Socio-Economic Development Strategy 2011-2020 ”;Authors: Pham Van Hung, Pham Quoc Viet and Nguyen Thi Thanh Mai with Proceedings ofinternational scientific workshops (2011), Socio-economic Development of Vietnam and Laosfor the period 2011-2020; MOLISA (2011), with: A number of social security policies inVietnam; Author Tran Hoang Hai (2011), in his book: Law on social security: Experiences ofsome countries for Vietnam; The author Nguyen Van Chieu (2013), with a PhD thesis inPhilosophy, studies on: Social security policies and the role of the state in implementing socialsecurity policies in Vietnam; Author Duong Van Thang (2013), with a thesis specialized inJournalism: Researching the effectiveness of Journalism in communication activities on socialsecurity in Vietnam during the period of international integration; Authors: Mai Ngoc Cuong(cb), Mai Ngoc Anh, Phan Thi Kim Oanh (2013), with the book: Social security in Vietnam inthe period of 2012-2020 "; Authors: Le Quoc Ly (cb), Le Sy Thiep, Ho Van Vinh (2013),with the book: Current social security policies and solutions; Authors: Dao Van Dung,Nguyen Duc Trong (cb), Tran Quang Lam (2013): Social security policies affecting socio-economic development; Authors: Nguyen Thi Lan Huong, Pham Thi Bao Ha, Dang NguyenAnh (2013): Challenges and solutions to sustainable social security policies for everyone inVietnam and Germany ; Phan Thi Kim Oanh (2014), with her PhD thesis in Economics: "Therole of the state in social security for farmers in Vietnam"; Nguyen Mai Phuong (2014), with adoctoral thesis History: The Communist Party of Vietnam led the implementation of socialsecurity from 2001 to 2011; Author Nguyen Duy Dung (2015): Settlement of welfareThailand, Malaysia, Philippines society and lessons learned for Vietnam; Author groups:Doan Mau Diep (Editor), Dang Kim Chung, Bui Sy Loi, (2015): Scientific basis of theconstruction of social security floors in Vietnam in the near future; Author Nguyen Thi Tam

(2015), PhD thesis Political economy: Ensuring social security associated with economicgrowth in Vietnam; Author Nguyen Van Tuan (2015), with a doctoral thesis History: Theprocess of implementing social security policies in Hai Duong province from 1997 to 2010;The author Dong Thi Hong (2015), with his doctoral thesis of Economics: "Ensuring socialsecurity in Hanoi City".

In general, the above works have presented an overview of social security in boththeoretical and practical aspects The theoretical studies have clarified issues related to theconcept, structure, model, social security system The research works in practice give readers

a comprehensive picture of social security in the world and in Vietnam Thereby, helping theauthor be more aware of the theory and practice, advantages and difficulties in the researchprocess

1.1.3 The research works related to the field of social security in Dien Bien province

After establishing the province in 2004, Dien Bien faced difficulties in all aspects.Therefore, up to now, the research works directly related to social security in general, basicpolicies on social security in particular are very limited Only a few projects addressindividual issues in some areas of social security policies or the implementation of socialsecurity policies in the province In particular, there are works such as:

Lai Chau Provincial Party Committee (2002), with 2 volumes: History of Lai ChauProvincial Party Committee Authors: Nong Minh Quan, Nong Minh Quang, Nong Thi Thuy(2005), with the book: History of Dien Bien district Party Committee Editor 1 (period 1950 -2000) Authors: Truong Xuan Cu, Nguyen Van Chuong, Lau Thi Mai (2009), with thebook: Dien Bien - 100 years of construction and development (1909 - 2009) introducinghistory and geographical location , Dien Bien's natural conditions and people with the 100-year-old historical milestones of Dien Bien province Ethnic Minority Committee of DienBien (2009), with the topic: Studying solutions to improve the effectiveness ofimplementation of a number of ethnic policies in Dien Bien province, focusing on studying anumber of major policies of the Party and The State prioritizes the socio-economicdevelopment of mountainous ethnic minority areas of Dien Bien province Authors: PhamThanh Nghi (chief editor), Nguyen Cao Duc, Le Manh Hung (2010), with the work: HumanDevelopment in the Northwest of our country, has quantitative analysis of humandevelopment in the West North based on human development indicators, comparing HDI andcomponent indicators of 4 provinces: Hoa Binh, Son La, Dien Bien and Lai Chau The authorgroup Nong Minh Quan (chief editor), Nong Thi Thuy, Tran Quoc Vuong (2011), with thework: "History of Muong Lay Town Party Committee (1971 - 2011)" The author Le HuongGiang (2011), with a master thesis in History: Dien Bien Provincial Party Committee incharge of poverty reduction implementation from 2004 to 2010, clarified the objectiverequirements of Dien Bien Provincial Party Committee in implementation HEPR in the years2004-2010 By Nguyen Van Quan (2013), with a PhD thesis in Economics: Current situationand solutions to allocate agricultural land for resettlement of Son La hydroelectric plant in thelocality In Dien Bien province, the situation of agricultural land use of the area affected bythe Son La hydropower project was assessed in Dien Bien province Authors: Nong MinhQuan, Nong Minh Giang, Tran Quoc Vuong (2013), with the book: History of farmermovement and Farmer Association of Dien Bien Province (1974 - 2013) Author Pham QuangHung (2014), with his master's thesis research: Implementing laws on people with disabilities

in Dien Bien province today, presented the theoretical basis for the implementation of the law

on people with disabilities , the situation of people with disabilities and the implementation

of the law for people with disabilities and set out perspectives and solutions to ensure theimplementation of laws for people with disabilities in Dien Bien Province The Ministry ofPlanning and Investment, the People's Committee of Dien Bien Province and the World Bank(2015), with: The Research Report of the Poverty Reduction Project of Dien Bien Provinceperiod 2010 - 2015, presented specific content through six chapters The authors: Nguyen ThiLan Huong (editor), Luu Quang Tuan, Dang Do Quyen (2015), with the work: Social securityfor ethnic minorities in Vietnam, presented the issue of social security for ethnic minorities inVietnam: Characteristics, livelihoods, risks, poor situation of ethnic minorities; policies andaccess to social security of ethnic minorities in general and access to social security for ethnicminorities, case study in Dien Bien province in particular and recommendations However,

the research has only focused on one social security target group of ethnic minorities, whileother groups have not been mentioned, it is necessary to have a research project on socialsecurity target groups in Dien Bien province .

The research works have only mentioned the general economic and political situation

of Dien Bien province or a group of social security objects of Dien Bien province There havebeen no studies on social security of Dien Bien province in the period of 2004 - 2014

1.2 General comments on the research situation

1.2.1 Outline the major results of published works

1.2.1.1 In terms of material

The research works related to social security work are quite diverse in types ofdocuments, including books, articles, journals, themes, schemes, proceedings of scientificworkshops, theses, and dissertations , The research works are approached, exploited undermany angles, many ranges of space and time However, the issue of social security forimplementing social security policies still has many new issues that need further study and arestill an interesting topic While, most research on social security in localities has only beenexploited at the level of scientific papers without many monographs or doctoral theses

1.2.1.2 In terms of the approach

The research works have approached from different perspectives such as sociology,politics, political economy, history and using research methods such as analysis, synthesisand comparison , history, logic The variety of approaches to various levels and scope ofresearch has provided graduate students with a sufficient knowledge and researchmethodology for implementing social security policies

1.2.1.2 In terms of the research content

The above-mentioned studies have focused on solving some of the following basicissues:

Firstly, initially clarifying the concept, function, structure and pillars of social security.Secondly, the system and analysis and clarification of the Party and State's policy onsocial policy

Thirdly, some areas of social security such as poverty reduction, social insurance,health insurance, social assistance, social incentives, basic social services and proposingorientations and solutions to better implement social security policies in Vietnam througheach stage

Fourthly, initially research and implement social security policies from a historicalperspective, restore the social security picture and draw experience from the implementation

of social security policies in Vietnam However, there is a lack of local research works,especially in places with difficult conditions such as Dien Bien

The issue of broad-based social security is especially important in the socio-economicdevelopment of the country so the research on social security has always been meaningful inboth theory and practice Dien Bien province as well as many other provinces across thecountry still need comprehensive and systematic research works on the implementation oflocal social security policies in the national research picture This is the gap that the topic fills.1.3The issues that the thesis focus on researching

Inheriting the achievements of the previous researchers, grasping the remaining gapsaround the research issues related to the thesis topic; Sticking with the object, purpose,research task, the author of the thesis identified a number of issues that need further study andclarification in the thesis:

Firstly, it clarifies the theoretical issues related to policies and the process ofimplementing social security policies and also clarifies the Party's guidelines and policies andthe practical application of Dien Bien province on social security.

Secondly, presenting the state of social security in Dien Bien province before 2004and analyzing the factors affecting the implementation of social security policies in Dien Bienprovince from the time of establishing the province in 2004 to 2014

Thirdly, clarify the process of implementing social security policies in Dien Bienprovince in the areas of: creating jobs for workers; hunger eradication and poverty reduction;policies for people with meritorious services; Social insurance for the poor; Social Protection;ensure minimum basic social services for people

Fourthly, evaluate the results of implementing social security policies, characterizeand draw some experiences in the implementation of social security policies in Dien Bienprovince In addition, to clarify the characteristics of implementing social security in DienBien, the thesis also compares with some neighboring provinces in the region

Through an overview of the research works, it has helped me see clearly the picture ofsocial security of Vietnam and Dien Bien province Since then, the approach of the researchtopic is suitable to the historical specialization, honestly reflecting a historical period of DienBien province to implement social security policies from 2004 to 2014

Chapter 2 FACTORS AFFECT TO SOCIAL SECURITY WORK IN DIEN BIEN PROVINCE

FROM 2004 TO 2014

2.1 Some theoretical and general issues on social security situation in Dien Bien province before 2004

2.1.1 Concept of social security and social security policies

2.1.1.1 Concept of social security

Because of the variety of content, methods and approach angles, theoreticalresearchers, as well as practical leaders still have many ways to understand social security.Can be generalized in two broad and narrow meanings In a broad sense: Social security is aguarantee for the exercise of human rights in order to ensure peace, security and safety insociety In a narrow sense, social security is the guarantee of income and some other essentialconditions for individuals, families and communities in case of reduction or loss of incomedue to reduced or incapable tuberculosis work or loss of employment; for lonely elderlypeople, orphaned children, disabled people, the weak, people affected by natural calamities

In the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), Article 22 addresses the concept

of social security; International Labor Organization (ILO) introduced the concept of socialsecurity; The World Bank (WB) is one of the organizations with a lot of contributions tosupporting the implementation of social security policies in many countries around the world

to define social security; Agreeing with the World Bank, the Asian Development Bank (ADB)also stated the concept of social security; In Vietnam, according to the Vietnam EncyclopediaDictionary, Volume I, researchers and policy makers have agreed to introduce the concept ofsocial security; At an international workshop with the topic: "Social security system inVietnam" on August 22, 2007, Dr Nguyen Hai Huu introduced the concept of social security;

From above aspects, in order to unify easily, according to the author of the thesis, theconcept of the International Labor Organization (ILO) is used: “Social security is a protection

that society provides to cities Through a number of widely applied measures to cope withdifficulties, economic and social shocks that result in loss or serious loss of income due toillness, maternity, and injury due to labor, loss of labor, or death Providing medical care andsubsidies to victims' families with children ”or to put it more succinctly:“ Social security isthe provision of welfare for households and individuals through the mechanism of the state orcollectives to prevent a decline in living standards or improve low living standards ”.

2.1.1.2 Concept of social security policy

According to the concept of social security above, it can be seen that Social security isthe first and foremost protection of society for its members This protection is achievedthrough public measures and by the government's social policies The purpose of thesepolicies is to create a legal corridor or regulations, committed to helping members of society

in the face of events, "social risks" that lead to reduction or loss of income … Accordingly,the concept of social security policy is also defined by Vietnamese researchers and policymakers: “Social security policy is a basic social policy of the State to implement preventionfunction, limiting and overcoming risks, ensuring income and safety for members of society "

According to Resolution 15-NQ / TW of June 1, 2012, Vietnam's social security policysystem is built on the risk management principle, while emphasizing the role of providingbasic social services for The people, including 4 basic policy groups as follows: (1)Employment policy group to ensure minimum income and reduce poverty (2) Socialinsurance policy group (3) Social assistance policy group (4) Basic social service policies toincrease access to basic services to a minimum Compared to the popular model in the world,the social security policy system in Vietnam has a specific component, which is a socialpreferential policy for people with meritorious services to the revolution

2.1.2 Some theoretical issues about social security

After World War II (1945), the social security theory was expanded to research inmany developed capitalist countries and spread to the independent countries in Asia, Africaand the Caribbean Since 1935, the United States has enacted the Social Security Act, whichprovides for the protection of the elderly, survivors, disability and unemployment benefits.Since then, the term social security is officially used and the world considers it to be the firstlaw on social security By 1941, social security was mentioned in the Atlantic Charter, andlater the International Labor Organization (ILO) formally adopted the term social security ininternational conventions

In Vietnam, in the first half of the twentieth century, President Ho Chi Minh's nobleaspiration and purpose was to liberate the people and bring about social progress and justice,

"fellow citizens can also work and work well-dressed, well educated, frail elderly people,children are cared for ” With a strategic, comprehensive and creative vision, President Ho ChiMinh has initiated and laid the foundation for the implementation of social policies in general,including the social security system in particular in each specific period of the revolutionaryprocess in our country Applying the Marxist-Leninist creations The Communist Party ofVietnam is always interested in developing and perfecting the theory of social security;strengthening the development of the legal system and policies for the development of socialsectors in general and social security in particular

2.2 Factors affect to social security in Dien Bien province from 2004 to 2014 2.2.1 Natural and social -economic conditions

2.2.1.1 Natural conditions

Dien Bien province has geographical coordinates from 20 ° 54 'to 22 ° 33' northlatitude and from 102 ° 10 'to 103 ° 36' East longitude, Dien Bien is a province sharing theborder with the two countries Laos and China is more than 400 km long The topography ofDien Bien Province is lower from the North to the South and gradually slopes from the West

to the East It is a complex type of terrain, mainly steep, rugged and strongly divided hills,many landslides and floods of rocky mud Typically, it is the cause of phenomena such asfloods, earthquakes and frequent landslides and flash floods especially in the rainy season.Located in the watershed of the three major rivers of Vietnam, the Da River, the Ma River andthe Mekong River Water resources from the river system are plentiful, but due to thegeological structure plus high and sloping terrain, it is difficult to hold water in the dry seasonand prone to floods in the rainy season Dien Bien has a tropical monsoon high mountainclimate, harsh climate, affected by climate change Dien Bien has a natural area of 9,562.9km2 (accounting for 2.9% of the country's area), land with high slopes, frequently causingwater shortages, the development of irrigation canals and systems; Infrastructure investment

is very difficult Due to limited economic and technical capacity, the benefits from forests,unexploited forestry livelihoods, and life are still poor

2.2.1.1 Social and economic conditions

Since the separation of the province in 2004, Dien Bien's economy has developed inboth size and quality towards commodity production However, Dien Bien is still a provincebelonging to the medium economic group In the ranking of Vietnam's ProvincialCompetitiveness Index in 2014, Dien Bien province ranked 63/63 provinces and cities Theprovince has formed concentrated and specialized production areas such as rice and rice inMuong Thanh field; Tua Chua tea and rubber trees; coffee, macadamia Muong Ang;Cardamom Week

Trade in services has grown rapidly in terms of network, size and quality; Thepotential of historical, spiritual, ecotourism, national cultural identity and advantages ofborder gates has been invested, exploited and developed to become an important economicsector in the local economic restructuring National highways in the province have beenupgraded and renovated Dien Bien has an Dien Bien Phu airport serving the Hanoi - DienBien Phu - Vientiane - Luong Pha Bang route The road network currently has 20 provincialroads with a total length of 683.06 km, 87 district roads with a length of 1,260 km, 1,575.8

km inter-commune roads, 1,667.7 km of civil roads

Dien Bien is a province with rich tourism potential, especially in the field of cultureand history The number of tourists coming to Dien Bien is increasing Total revenue fromtourism activities increased rapidly due to the advantage of the historical system attached tothe Dien Bien Phu campaign with many special national monuments

- Cultural and social

Dien Bien is associated with many historical relics Dien Bien Phu and many culturalfestivals, especially flower festivals and Ban Phu citadel festivals

When the province was split, the population of Dien Bien province was 423,000, in

2014 there were 538,100 people According to the General Statistics Office, up to 2009, DienBien province has 19 ethnic groups Dien Bien has 10 administrative units: 1 city, 1 town and

8 districts Dien Bien is a province with a low proportion of the population aged 15 and older(71.4%), standing only in Lai Chau province (64.3%, the whole country is 94.8%) Lowintellectual level, weak and weak staff The situation of political security in the province oftenhas many complicated changes These difficulties greatly affect the work of social security

in the province The number of beneficiaries of social security policies is high, with manyunexpected risks, while social security resources are very limited.

Health activities, health target programs have always been maintained andimplemented effectively as planned, the quality of medical examination and treatment atmedical facilities has been gradually improved Dien Bien Education is flourishing Theprovince has 517 schools However, the educational activities in Dien Bien are still facingmany difficulties, lack of facilities, obstacles to the school, and a great challenge for teachers

to "carry the word" to the children in the regions high Religious activities step by step intoorder However, religious activities have complicated times being taken advantage of by badforces, causing instability in the area, affecting the social security of the province

With natural and socio-economic conditions facing many difficulties, theimplementation of social security policies for people in Dien Bien province is also greatlyaffected

2.2.2 Social security situation in Dien Bien province before separation

Before 2004, Dien Bien province belonged to the former Lai Chau province In therenovation process, social security and welfare have achieved certain results System of socialsecurity and richness policies

Fifthly, poverty reduction programs from local budgets, such as the Program of 500upland villages, aim to solve urgent tasks in the period of 2001-2005 Poverty reduction in theprovince has achieved a lot Outstanding achievements, highly appreciated by all levels andbranches: The poverty rate in 1995 was 52.1%, in 2000 it was 31%, in 2004 it was 28.52%(according to the old criteria) [5, p .376],

Implementing Resolution No 120 / NQ-HDBT on guidelines, directions and measures

to create jobs, Lai Chau province has focused on directing and issuing many practical supportpolicies, such as: Loan project capital from the National Fund for Employment (implementedsince 1992)

On 2/8/1995, Lai Chau social insurance was established and officially put intooperation In 2002, implementing the Decision No 20/2002 / QD-TTg of the Prime Minister

on transferring health insurance to provincial social insurance in accordance with theprinciples of procedures As a result, the number of employees participating in socialinsurance in the province increased However, there are still some weaknesses The formerLai Chau social insurance authority also cooperated with a number of relevant branches toadvise the provincial People's Committee to issue health insurance cards for the poor underthe Prime Minister's Decision 139 / QD-TTg of October 15, 2002 for 560,000 people , worth50,000 VND / person including the poor of 120 extremely difficult communes and ethnicminorities By 2003, 54,038 people participated in health insurance Social insurance andhealth insurance systems are interested in developing with increasingly rich content andforms, in order to share risks and provide practical assistance to participants Social insurance

is implemented in a synchronous manner with 3 types: compulsory insurance, voluntaryinsurance and unemployment insurance

Social assistance policies, implemented more broadly in scope, beneficiaries withincreasing levels of assistance

Social service system has been interested in developing, prioritizing investment indisadvantaged highland and border areas, where many ethnic minorities live In June 2000,Lai Chau province was recognized as a national standard for preventing illiteracy and

universalizing primary education By 2000, the whole province had 8 district-level televisionstations, 12 communal television relay stations and densely populated areas.

In addition to the achieved results, the work of social security in the province is stilllimited, such as: Job creation, raising income for people has not achieved results Thevocational training of rural labor has not yet come into practice, has not created many jobs forthe subjects after apprenticeship Labor export has not been implemented in the province Thepercentage of poor households, the relapse into poverty remains high, lacks sustainability Thelife of a part of the population, especially in the highlands, ethnic minority areas still facesmany difficulties, the income gap of the population classes is still large The number of peopleparticipating in voluntary social insurance is still small, especially for the near poorhouseholds State management on social insurance and health insurance has not met therequirements The rate of malnourished children in the province is still high and declinesslowly The state management of education and training is still inadequate The quality ofeducation and training is not uniform, slowly being improved between highland and lowlandareas in the province The proportion of people with access to minimum services, such as:hygienic housing and clean water remains low [5, p.434] The above-mentioned shortcomings

on social security impose a heavy duty on social security implementation for Dien Bienprovince in the 2004-2014 period

2.3 The process of renewing the policies of the Dien Bien Party and Party Committee in the implementation of social security policies

2.3.1 Party guidelines on the implementation of social security policies

The 6th Congress of the Party (1986), only mentioned social justice, the 7th Congress(in 1991) mentioned social progress, the 8th Congress (1996) defined more clearly: IncreaseEconomic ideas must be associated with social progress and justice right in every step, inevery policy and throughout the development process However, the term "social security" hasnot yet officially appeared in the text of the 8th Congress

At the 9th Congress (2001), the word "social security" was officially used in thedocument, with the policy of "Expeditiously expanding the social insurance system and socialsecurity Early develop and implement unemployment insurance policy ” Thus, the document

of the IX Congress for the first time marked an important milestone of the Party's views andguidelines on social security

Inheriting and developing the content of the 9th Party Congress (2001), at the TenthParty Congress (2006) affirmed: "Social security needs to be diversified and associated withinsurance policies"; At the same time, giving the strategic guiding thought is: Wellimplementing social policies on the basis of economic development, associating interests withobligations, dedication to enjoyment, creating strong motivation stronger for socio-economicdevelopment The Resolution of the Xth Congress of the Party advocates: "Building a diversesocial security system, strongly developing the social insurance and health insurance system,towards universal health insurance ; diversify types of social relief ” Concretizing thepolicy of the Resolution of the Congress, the Resolution of the 6th Central Party Committee(Session X) clearly stated: “Gradually expanding and improving the social security system tomeet increasingly better requirements diversification of all strata of society, especially of thepolicy and poor groups ”

Go to the 11th Party Congress (2011) advocating: Create a clear step forward in theimplementation of social progress and justice, ensure social security, reduce the rate of poorhouseholds; improve people's health care conditions At the same time, clearly stating the

views, orientations and specific content for each social security policy: Continue to amendand improve the system of social insurance, health insurance, unemployment insurance,diverse and flexible social assistance and relief ability to protect and help all members ofsociety, especially vulnerable and vulnerable groups, overcome difficulties or risks in life.

The 2011-2020 Socio-Economic Development Strategy emphasizes: “Developing adiverse, increasingly expanding and effective social security system Develop stronginsurance systems such as social insurance, unemployment insurance, occupational accidentinsurance and occupational diseases Encourage and create favorable conditions for workers

to access and participate in various types of insurance Implementing preferential policies andconstantly improving living standards for people with meritorious services Expand forms ofsocial relief, especially for the disadvantaged people ” Especially, for the first time thePlatform for building and developing the country in the transition period to socialism(supplementing and developing in 2011) was approved by the 11th Party Congress (2011),emphasizing: improve the social security system ”

From that great policy, Resolution No 15-NQ / TW of the Central Party ExecutiveCommittee Session XI on June 1, 2012 on a number of social policy issues for the period of2012-2020 has set the following requirements: Social books must be placed on a par witheconomic policies and implemented synchronously with economic development, inaccordance with the development level and resources capacity in each period , consideringsocial security is a common task important and important of the Party, the State, the wholepolitical system and the whole society The resolution sets out specific tasks:

Firstly, regarding preferential policies for people with meritorious services, to focus onwell implementing the Ordinance on preferential treatment of people with meritoriousservices to the revolution

Secondly, on social security: Employment, income and poverty reduction

The field of social insurance needs to study and amend the Law on social insurance.Regarding social assistance, continue to expand beneficiaries with appropriate forms

of assistance; gradually raising the level of regular social assistance in accordance with thecapacity of the state budget

Regarding ensuring a minimum of a number of basic social services for people:

Regarding ensuring minimum education, continue to expand and strengthen supportregimes, especially for young people and young people of poor households and ethnicminorities in poor districts, communes and villages, which are particularly difficult to protect.ensure the universalization of sustainable education

In terms of ensuring minimum health, continue to implement strategies, programs andprojects on health, especially projects to overcome overload in hospitals

Regarding ensuring minimum housing, improving housing conditions for the poor andlow-income people in urban areas, step by step addressing housing needs for workers inindustrial parks and students tablets

Regarding ensuring clean water, continue to implement the national target program onclean water and rural environmental sanitation in the 2012-2015 period and subsequent years

Regarding information security, strengthening information and communication to thepoor, poor and disadvantaged areas

Accordingly, the 2013 Constitution also added the rights of social security of people.Article 34 confirms that "Citizens have the right to social security"; Article 59 sets out theresponsibility "The State creates equality of opportunity for citizens to enjoy social welfare,