In 2018: Quan hệ, 2019 - In January: North Korean leader Kim Jong-un announced that the country has completed its nuclear missions - On 12, June: President Donald Trump and President K
Trang 1MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING
EASTERN INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
Phạm Thị Ngọc Anh 1632300061
MGMT 291
MS HẰNG THE IMPACT OF THE USA –
Trang 2I Summary the relationship between The US and North Korean from 2009 to 2019:
(5 lần, 2017)
In April, 2009: North Korea implements a long-range missile launch as well as the
declaration for leaving the six-party talks and restarted the Yongbyon reactor
In May, 2009: North Korea tested the second nuclear in the ground The US Geological Survey (USGS) recorded a magnitude of 4.7 on the Richter scale President Barack Obama called the test as "a serious threat", but military officials said it was a diplomatic issue, not a military one The United Nations increased sanctions against North Korea by banning the country from importing
a variety of weapons
In February, 2013: Kim Jong Un conducted his first nuclear test as a Korean leader This case is much larger than the previous ones, with the assessment of the bomb's power at between 6-7 kiloton To response North Korea’s movement, the United States deployed a stealth missile and missile defense device capable of carrying nuclear warheads to South Korea The United Nations tightens sanctions and freezes assets to help the Korean leadership Luxury goods are also on the list
of punishments However, Mr Obama did not strengthen the next steps, while China continues providing oil and aid to North Korea
In January, 2016: North Korea announced its fourth nuclear test, with the bomb deep in the ground On national television, Kim Jong Un said the explosion occurred from a miniature
hydrogen bomb and called it "spectacular success" However, independent observers could not confirm the test After that, the US Congress passed a law that allowed authorities to punish
individuals who import or export goods and money to Korea The United Nations also approved a resolution banning North Korea from implementing "test launches using ballistic missile
technology" Obama and US allies in the Pacific continue to discuss the final high-altitude missile defense system (THAAD) He rejected the North's proposal to abolish the system in exchange for the country's failure to conduct a nuclear test
In 2017: The world has repeatedly witnessed the "battle" between President Trump and leader Kim Jong-un Speaking at the United Nations General Assembly, President Trump said: "If the US is forced to protect itself and its allies, there will be no choice to completely destroy
Korea." , and he called Kim Jong-un a "rocket man" In response, leader Kim Jong-un warned President Trump would "pay dearly" for threatening to destroy North Korea In September 2017, North Korea tested its fifth nuclear, causing a 5.3-magnitude shock, accompanied by an explosion
of about 10 kiloton The Washington Post quoted officials as saying the power of the explosion is equivalent to two nuclear bombs falling on Hiroshima and Nagasaki and 10 times stronger than what the country could do in a decade earlier Meanwhile, BBC leads the analysis of experts that the strong explosion is equivalent to 10-30 kiloton and is the strongest nuclear test of North Korea
"America does not, and will never, accept North Korea as a nuclear nation," Mr Obama said in
Trang 3South Korea later China, which has a veto power at the Security Council, this time participated in a resolution strongly condemning the trial Beijing also agreed to ban North Korean coal imports, which had a serious impact on the Korean economy
In 2018: (Quan hệ, 2019)
- In January: North Korean leader Kim Jong-un announced that the country has completed its nuclear missions
- On 12, June: President Donald Trump and President Kim Jong-un became the first
US and Korean leaders to meet face-to-face to find solutions to a long-term peace and stability on the Korean Peninsula in Singapore
- After 12, June : The US announced it would stop the exercises with South Korea US-Korean joint exercises have long been criticized by North Korea and considered a war drill
- On 16, July: North Korea agreed to return 55 sets of US soldiers remains who are believed to have been killed during the Korean War
- On 23, July: Satellite images show that North Korea began to dismantle important facilities at the Sohae Guard Station - the location used to develop engines for ballistic missiles
- On 19, September: At the third inter-Korean summit between North Korean President Kim Jong-un and South Korean President Moon Jae-in, the North Korean leader first outlined a more specific roadmap for non-nuclearization , which mentioned the possibility of permanently closing the Yongbyon nuclear facility as well as the agreement to allow international inspectors to visit the country's missile test site This is considered a long step compared to the Joint Statement at the US-Trieu summit in Singapore in June 2016
In 2019: On 1st January : In the New Year message, President Kim Jong-un said he was ready to meet US President Donald Trump at any time, and urged the US to take appropriate measures for non-nuclear negotiations On 8 February: US President Donald Trump announces the second US-North Korea summit with North Korean President Kim Jong-un to take place in Hanoi
on February 27 and 28, 2012
II Highlights of US-North Korea Summits in Singapore (2018) and Vietnam (2019):
1 In Singapore: (Hội nghị, n.d.)
March 8, 2018: Korean President sent to the US President an invitation to meet through Korean intermediaries The US president accepted
April 18, 2018: US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo was then director of the secret Central
Intelligence Agency to Pyongyang to set up the first processes for the summit meeting
Trang 4May 10, 2018: The two sides agreed to a meeting of the US-Trieu summit taking place on June 12
in Singapore
May 12, 2018: North Korea destroyed Punghe-ri nuclear test site
May 17-21, 2018: Suspicions and disagreements between the two sides threaten the future of the summit The US president sent a letter to the North Korean leader requesting the cancellation of the meeting
May 25, 2018: North Korea sends a conciliatory statement to the US, insisting that it is willing to sit down with the US to resolve the nuclear issue at any time, by any means
May 26, 2018: The US president reaffirmed that the meeting still took place as planned
June 12, 2018: The US-Korea summit takes place in Singapore
US President Donald Trump and North Korean President Kim Jong-un took the first steps
on the road for ending the period of rival relations The 12-second handshake between them marked
a historic moment, when the first time, the highest leader of the US and North Korea met each other
They talked for about 40 minutes Then there was a joint conference with accompanying officials and a lunch with a menu that was a combination of Eastern and Western dishes
The summit ended with the signing of a four-point joint statement, in which leader Kim Jong-un reaffirmed his commitment to the Korean Peninsula's "non-nuclearization process" In return, Washington will ensure Pyongyang's security as well as stop jointing exercises with Seoul during the period of goodwill dialogue between the US and North Korea
The two leaders have pledged to overcome the tensions and hostilities over the decades between the two countries to open up a new future and build a long-term and stable peace
mechanism on the Korean Peninsula
During the press conference after the talks, President Trump once again confirmed the importance of historical agreement that he signed North Korean leader Kim Jong-un He thanked for other countries for the success of this summit meeting, including regional powers such as Japan, South Korea and China He affirmed that this document will open the bright future
Mr Trump acknowledged that the points are not mentioned in detail in the general
statement It is going to completely disarm Korea's nuclear program that will take a long time He said the United States would maintain the Korean embargo until the nuclear program was
completely disarmed and the United States could verify its actions
President Trump expressed his belief that the two sides would begin the process of North Korean nuclear disarmament soon, as soon as leader Kim Jong-un returned to Pyongyang to start executing commitments President Trump also stated that he did not withdraw his troops from
Trang 5Korea but would stop the exercises with South Korea - a problem that later caused many different reactions within the United States
A great change is the first feeling after the end of the US-Trieu summit in Singapore US President Donald Trump and North Korean leader Kim Jong-un made history when holding their first face-to-face meeting However, to convince the whole world about the peace commitment they make, more actions are needed
2 In Vietnam: (Nước cờ, 2019)
Eight months after the first summit, President Donald Trump and leader Kim Jong-un continued to meet for the second time in Vietnam However, unlike the first time, the two leaders failed to make a joint statement after two days of summit and there are many reasons to explain this result
President Trump did not choose a traditional diplomatic approach in negotiating with North Korea, which allowed diplomats to negotiate a series of issues before the summit took place
On the contrary, Mr Trump is said to have ignored all warnings from advisers who think North Korea is still not ready to give up nuclear weapons Mr Trump believes that he can achieve success thanks to his negotiating talent, his charisma and his relationship with Kim Jong-un However, the White House boss may have been wrong
President Donald Trump entered a summit meeting with leader Kim Jong-un with the goal of exchanging commitments to lift US sanctions with the promise of completely eliminating North Korea's nuclear program
Obviously, there was a misunderstanding and false judgment from both sides Leader Kim Jong-un believes that President Trump needs a victory at this summit after months of intense pressure as well as facing many problems in the country North Korea also seems surprised that somehow, the US side has been aware of Pyongyang's secret nuclear facilities
One of President Trump's biggest mistakes is that the leader Kim Jong-un needs the United States to significantly improve the economic situation and believes in a "game" to exchange sanctions for his nuclear After all, the White House boss's speculation was inaccurate Reviving the economy is not Kim Jong-un's highest goal, making him trade at all costs
Naturally, Kim Jong-un still wants to change the face of the economy, solve the problem
of food deprivation, access Western goods and technology to modernize the Korean army
However, his ultimate goal is to maintain the existence of the Korean government Allowing the economy to grow too quickly and open up massively to the West as proposed by the United States can lead to unpredictable consequences for Korean society and that is something Kim Jong-un did not want
Kim Jong-un is considered as a smart leader and understands the history well He can look back on lessons from the collapse of the Soviet Union when leader Mikhail Gorbachev
Trang 6attempts to restructure the economy or the departure of leaders such as Moammar Gadhafi (Libya), Saddam Hussein (Iraq) Therefore, he still wanted to retain Korea's nuclear program as a last
"chess piece"
3 Why The US and North Korea chose Vietnam and Singapore to take place the Summit?
Good relationships with both countries:
With the United States, under the presidency of President George W Bush, the two countries reached an agreement on free trade and in 2012, President Barack Obama's government agreed to upgrade relations with Singapore to become a strategic partner Three years later, the two sides signed an agreement to enhance remarkable security cooperation
Besides, Singapore also established diplomatic relations with North Korea from 1975 and North Korea also opened an embassy in Singapore Before 2016, Singapore also allowed North Korean citizens to come to the country without a visa
Overall, Singapore has long been building image as a neutral country with global
problems The Singapore government had experience in organizing short-term diplomatic events, such as the historic meeting in 2015 between Chinese President Xi Jinping and then Taiwanese leader Ma Ying-jeou
"Singapore is a great friend to the United States and is always trying to be friends with all the countries So, they are considered a reliable country all over the world", former US
ambassador to Singapore David Adelman commented
Geographic location near North Korea:
Singapore has the advantage of being close to North Korea, only about 5,000 km away, completely within the range of Chammae-1 operations, which can be used by Mr Kim to travel abroad Chammae-1's maximum range is about 9,200 km but it has never been so far
Singapore is also a megacity with modern facilities, a high speed of economic growth, from a poor country, limited resources, to become the world's leading economy in just a few decade This detail is clearly appealing to the North Korean leader when he is aiming to reform the country's economy
Neutral:
There are many options for the venue of the US-Trieu summit, but most of them have certain political barriers The organization in the US or North Korea sounds reasonable but
choosing one of the two locations brings a sense of power imbalance when negotiating South Korea or China were also considered but it was clear that the meeting was a meeting between Mr Kim and Mr Trump, should not take place in a country with a strong interest in the event
Trang 7Kim's restrictions on travel forced the organizers to choose a location in Asia With limited preparation time, Singapore does not mean symbolism but is a better place to meet
practical requirements
For the US, after 24 years of normalizing relations, the two sides are now comprehensive partners America is one of our most important partners Since the normalization
of relations so far, all American presidents have visited Vietnam Relations extend from politics, economy, including security
There is a traditional relationship between Vietnam and North Korea For a long time, relations between the two countries were very salty, one of them was hundreds of Vietnamese students who were trained in Korea and later became people with different positions in foreign fields such as allocations, economic, provincial, ministerial and branch leaders Of course there
is no strong development time, but we still have good relations with North Korea and maintain the Embassy for many years North Korea used to help Vietnam in the war (such as food, medicine, fertilizer, iron and steel ), after Korea was difficult, Vietnam supported
Both parties' relations with Vietnam are good to create the peace of mind that Vietnam will not have bias, which is certainly considered a top priority
Vietnam used to be the war-torn country, poverty, backwardness, we now have a strong shift, renew international integration, economic development, international status has been raised, participating in national peacekeeping We organized many large international events, typically APEC
Both the United States and North Korea have found that Vietnam has developed
relationships, is friends with all countries, not hostile to anyone US-Trieu relations were once very tense, war could break out at any time For Vietnam, the US used to be at war, causing losses
to both sides But now both sides have normalized, become comprehensive partners They care about Vietnam's development model
Geography is not far from North Korea, even closer to North Korea combine to
Singapore The summit is held in Hanoi, where both parties know well, there is an embassy to be secured both in logistics and security
III The impacts of US- North Korea Summits on economy of Singapore and Vietnam:
1 Singapore: (Truong, 2019)
Singapore is said to have collected nearly 40 times than the cost of organizing the first US-Trieu summit
Trang 8Singapore Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong revealed that the cost of organizing was up to
20 million SGD (over 342 billion dong) and emphasized that the Singapore government was
"ready to pay", according to The Straits Times Of which, half are for security expenses and about
5 million SGD is for communication costs, serving about 2,500 international reporters
The Straits Times led the calculation of Meltwater Media Research, which showed that Singapore has earned at least 767 million SGD, 38 times more profit thanks to tourism, retail and media In particular, the value of advertising based on the mention of 3-day global online
communications of US and Korean leaders in Singapore is 270 million SGD This number may be even higher if you include print, television and social networks
The summit meeting is also one of the factors that helped international visitors came to Singapore that reach 18.5 million, up 6.2% compared to 2017 and become the highest increase in the last 3 years, according to the data of Preliminary statistics of Singapore Tourism Board (STB) Compared to 2017, revenue from tourism in this island nation in 2018 also increased by 1%, to 27.1 billion SGD
Moreover, Mr Nicholas Fang, Director of the Global Security and Security Issues of the Singapore International Research Institute, said that the first meeting of the US-North Korea summit helped Singapore became more global competitiveness "The fact that a small country like Singapore has become the center of attention for such a long time will be very beneficial for companies and Singaporeans in the international arena," Fang told The Strait Times
In addition, according to experts, the hotel industry benefited the most from the meeting, especially the "invaluable benefits" In total there are about 40,000 internet stories about this summit event and 50% of them mention the name Capella hotel, the location where two leaders meet Shangri-La and The St Regis hotels, President Trump's residence and Kim's leadership, were also named in one-fifth of the posts CNA quoted expert Kevin Wee of Nanyang Polytechnic University (Singapore), analyzing: "Your hotel can serve the US president will also serve all subjects For example, when billionaires want to cover an entire floor for their team and
emphasize security requirements, you can say my hotel even meets the president's needs”
2 Vietnam: (Du lịch, 2019)
The US- North Korea summit is the good opportunity for Vietnam’s tourism industry Vietnam, which has been attracting the attention of foreign investors, now has a great communication opportunity from the upcoming Trump - Kim conference With an impressive GDP growth of 7.1% in 2018 and an average growth of international tourists over the past 5 years
of 15.3%, Vietnam is ready to receive more unprecedented momentum in 2019
This event will bring a positive impact to the economy in general and industries from manufacturing to tourism Savills expects these positive impacts will spread to the real estate market
Trang 9Mr Dinh Ngoc Duc - Director of Tourism Market Department, Vietnam National
Administration of Tourism said that international reporters will directly explore the destination, experience, use of excellent tourist services and products of Hanoi of Vietnam Accordingly, the images of destinations, information, sharing on services, tourism products will follow the reporters
on the world's leading media, on social networking sites, electric news sites He attracts millions
of followers and word of mouth to a large number of their friends and relatives
Considering Vietnam's tourism development opportunities, Mr Dinh Ngoc Duc added that the event brings good business opportunities for tourism businesses, especially tourist
accommodation establishments and restaurants : Not only during the event, hotels, restaurants, tourism enterprises are lucky to participate in the event will have significant growth in revenue and profit after finishing the With the prestige and quality of services, these enterprises will have good conditions to promote business development, welcome and serve more international and domestic tourists
“About 3,000 reporters attending the event, over half are from Korea, Japan, China and the United States These are markets where visitors account for up to 70% of international visitors
to Vietnam Doing well the promotion through this reporter team will help Vietnam tourism better exploit these key markets, ”Mr Dinh Ngoc Duc said
Concurrent with Mr Dinh Ngoc Duc, Mr Tran Nhat Hoang - Deputy Director of
Department of International Cooperation, Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism said a series of activities such as: Building a tourist information counter with many free tours for newspapers and magazines providing information, images to reporters, international press conferences on tourism, arranging attractive food areas at the International Press Center, building a photo space to promote heritage, destinations and beauty features The large format spreads over 3 regions of Vietnam, which is taken by many international reporters as a point of on-site reporting to bring beautiful images to Vietnam around the world
Mr Dinh Ngoc Duc said, after the end of the Conference, the General Department of Tourism has developed a plan so that after the event ends, a series of tourism promotion activities will be organized in the US, Russia and Korea , Japan - including the highlight of introducing the host country and successfully organizing the US-Korea Summit, increasing the positive impact of the event on the target markets, enhancing revenues smoking tourists Vietnam National
Administration of Tourism continues to coordinate with national and international press agencies
to continue promoting the national image, promoting tourism on this special occasion
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