In order to systematize the theoretical basis of organizing responsibilityaccounting in enterprises and in combination with practical issues related to thecharacteristics of management,
Trang 1MINISTRY OF EDUCATION MINISTRY OF
SUMMARY OF DOCTORAL THESIS
IN ECONOMICS
Trang 2HA NOI – 2020 This thesis is completed at the Academy of Finance
Examiner 1:
Examiner 2:
Examiner 3:
This thesis is presented at the Thesis Council at the academy level held at the Academy of Finance At hour day month year 20
The thesis is available at the National Library of Vietnam and the
library of the Academy of Finance
Trang 31 Urgency of the thesis topic
In recent years, management accounting (MA) in general and managementaccounting tools in particular have become a subject of interest and study of scholars
in many countries around the world MA is studied both in theory and practice inenterprises, especially in developing countries and countries with transitioneconomies where there are considerable differences in the development level of theeconomy and corporate governance competency However, the study and application
of MA in these countries, including Vietnam, are still quite limited because academicstudies in this field are still limited and have not meet requirements of businessexecutives Therefore, systematic and scientific studies on MA organization inenterprises are required
In a market economy, competition among enterprises is becoming more andmore fierce Under the strong impact of the digital age, many opportunities andchallenges are posing for Vietnamese enterprises In order to survive and developsustainably, in addition to the support from the government and social agencies,enterprises need to change and improve their own internal strengths It is necessary tobuild a system of effective management tools to make business decisions quickly,accurately and flexibly One of the current effective management tools in the process
of managing, operating and controlling business activities of business executives isthe MA system, in which responsibility accounting is an important content.Responsibility accounting aims to create a relevant financial and non-financialinformation system for practical and planned activities, which helps executivescontrol and evaluate the performance of units within the enterprise and assess themanagement responsibilities at all levels Responsibility accounting plays animportant role in corporate management but it is still a relatively new content notonly in practice but also in research for Vietnam, although MA in general andresponsibility accounting in particular have been mentioned and developed bycountries around the world for decades
The Saigon Beer - Alcohol - Beverage Joint Stock Corporation (Sabeco) is acorporation with many member companies, a wide range of operations and diverse
Trang 4financial management mechanisms for member companies Therefore, there still exitslimitations in controlling and evaluating the management results of each unit,department and individual in the companies and the whole Corporation; they need to
be improved to meet the management requirements in the current period For manyyears, despite many failed brands, foreign beer companies have continued to enterVietnam Therefore, the market for the beverage industry seems to be most directlyaffected by market opening policies Up to now, the market of beer, beer andbeverage in Vietnam has the participation of many foreign beverage companies,making the competition for market share quite fierce To survive and grow requires,SABECO need to have the right policies at the right time In fact, the competitiveness
of products depends on many factors such as price, quality, marketing policies, etc.Besides strategies to improve production capacity and product quality, it is necessaryfor SABECO to effectively exploit important management economic managementtools; one of it is the responsibility accounting system It can be said that theorganization of systematic and scientific responsibility accounting and the study offactors affecting the organization of accounting responsibility at SABECO's affiliatedunits are necessary
In order to systematize the theoretical basis of organizing responsibilityaccounting in enterprises and in combination with practical issues related to thecharacteristics of management, production and business in the affiliated units ofSABECO, the author has chosen the following topic as the study topic to improve the
organization of responsibility accounting at these businesses: "Organizing
responsibility accounting in affiliated units of the Saigon Beer Alcohol Beverage Joint Stock Corporation"
2.5 Some studies on organizing the reward system according to management responsibilities
Trang 52.6 Several studies on influencing factors of organizing responsibility accounting in enterprises
Research gap:
Firstly, There are many domestic and international studies on the content and
organization of responsibility accounting; each study has a different perspective.There can be both similar and different contents in these studies Some studiespresented three contents of responsibility accounting while another study showedfour contents The thesis will continue to study and synthesize the contents andorganization of responsibility accounting in a systematic way to further clarify thetheory of organizing accounting responsibility
Secondly, published research results regarding the identification and
classification of responsibility centers based on the above overview indicatedifferences in the approach of this content In particular, there are studies stating thatthere are three types of responsibility centers: investment centers, profit centers, costcenters On the other hand, some studies point out that there are four types ofresponsibility centers: investment centers, profit centers, revenue centers, and costcenters which include the main cost center and the secondary cost center This thesisanalyzes and chooses the method of identifying and classifying responsibilitiescenters in accordance with the characteristics of operation and managementrequirements in Vietnamese enterprises in the current conditions
Thirdly, as indicated in the above overview, previous studies have yet clarified
the following issues in details: content and method of estimate, the collection,processing and provision of information according to responsibility centers, andespecially the reward system according to the responsibility centers This is theresearch gap for the thesis to explore and solve
Fourthly, although there are many foreign studies about influencing factors or
organizing responsibility accounting based on the regression model, studies inVietnam have not applied this method Such method has high reliability and canclearly assess the influence level of each factor; based on that, it is possible to findsolutions and determine conditions for implementing each solution in a morescientific way Different research environments may produce different results, so thepublished results cannot be applied directly to Vietnamese enterprises in general andbeer and beverage enterprises in particular Moreover, there has been no research in
Trang 6Vietnam on organizing responsibility accounting in this direction The thesis willstudy the model of influencing factors of organizing responsibility accounting inaffiliated units of SABECO
Fifthly, in addition, affiliated units of SABECO have distinctive characteristics
of production and business management Basically, these enterprises have establishedaccounting responsibility but not in a systematic, scientific and comprehensive way.Meanwhile, according to the author's research, up to now, there has been nopublished research on organizing responsibility accounting or improvingresponsibility accounting organization at affiliated units of SABECO Therefore, thisthesis studies the theoretical basis of organizing responsibility accounting inenterprises, then assesses the reality and provides solutions and recommendations toimprove responsibility accounting organization at affiliated units of SABECO
3 Research objectives
In terms of theory:
+ Systematize and clarify basic theoretical issues about responsibilityaccounting in general and organizing accounting responsibility in enterprises inparticular
+ Study influencing factors of organizing responsibility accounting inenterprises
In terms of practice:
Carry out surveys, studies and analysis of the reality of organizing responsibilityaccounting in affiliated units of SABECO, thereby evaluating and pointing out theadvantages and limitations as well as proposing solutions for improvement
Trang 75 How to improve responsibility accounting organization in affiliated units ofSABECO?
5 Research objects and scopes
5.1 Research objects:
+ Theoretical framework of organizing responsibility accounting in enterprises
+ Reality of organizing responsibility accounting in SABECO’s affiliated units
5.2 Research scope
Space: the thesis studies 21 affiliated units of SABECO, in which 10 units are
manufacturing enterprises and 11 units are trading enterprises
Time: the thesis studies accounting periods from 2017 to 2019.
Content:
The thesis studies organizing responsibility accounting for businessmanagement, not the social aspect The thesis provides an in-depth research oncontents of organizing responsibility accounting content; it also studies the personnelapparatus and means for implementing responsibility accounting
- General theoretical basis of organizing responsibility accounting inenterprises
- Reality of organizing responsibility accounting in affiliated units of SABECO
- Improving the organization of responsibility accounting in affiliated units ofSABECO
6 Scientific and practical meanings
Practical meaning
+ The thesis studies the reality of organizing responsibility accounting inaffiliated units of SABECO; at the same time, the thesis analyzes and evaluates theachieved results, limitations and the underlying causes of such limitations in theresponsibility accounting system in affiliated units of SABECO Based on that, the
Trang 8thesis helps these enterprises have a complete picture of their reality of organizingaccounting responsibility
+ The thesis proposes solutions to improve the model of organizing responsibilityaccounting in affiliated units of SABECO which helps to enhance their managementand business performances
Specific research methods
The thesis combines qualitative and quantitative research methods to ensurecomprehensive, objective, systematic, logical and practical characteristics ofproposed solutions
Data collection method:
Secondary data collection:
- - The thesis collects published research results of domestic and foreignauthors to synthesize and form the theoretical basis for the research issues Data arecollected from a number of sources such as: books, statistical yearbooks, specializedjournals, related scientific research and theses by domestic and foreign authors, andsome university websites and document portals such as https://scholar.google.com/,https://www.proquest.com/, http://nlv.gov.vn/
In addition, the thesis studies the actual documents of enterprises such asvouchers, accounting books, information on websites, published financial statementsand annual reports of affiliated units of SABECO The documents used to understandthe characteristics of production and business activities of these units
- Primary data collection:
Primary data ares collected from surveys and interviews at enterprises to assessthe reality of organizing responsibility accounting based on the contents studied fromsecondary data
+ In-depth interview:
Trang 9The author conducts in-depth interviews with members of the board ofdirectors, accountants and chief accountants at affiliated units of SABECO about thecontents of organizing responsibility accounting in the units through direct interviewsand telephone interviews The questionnaires are designed based on the contents oforganizing responsibility accounting and are completed through the trial survey intwo affiliated units of SABECO Subjects selected for in-depth interviews are thosewho have a certain level of understanding of responsibility accounting During in-depth interviews, in addition to the designed questions, the author suggests issuesrelated to the content accounting responsibility that enterprises are applying, thedirections and requirements of enterprises for organizing responsibility accounting.The questionnaires are designed in two forms: the in-depth questionnaire for
managers at all levels in enterprises (Appendix 2.3a) which does not include
questions about accounting specialty and the in-depth questionnaire for chief
accountants/accountants in enterprises (Appendix 2.3b).
+ Methods of survey and investigation:
The author sends survey questionnaires to the subjects who are accountants,chief accountants and managers at at levels of enterprises The questionnaires aredesigned in two forms according to the level of understanding about responsibilityaccounting of the surveyed subjects to ensure the usefulness of collected information
- The first questionnaire (Annex 2.4a): The survey on the reality of organizing
responsibility accounting in enterprises (for objects who are managers at all levels in
enterprises) consists of three parts The first part includes questions about general
information of surveyed objects The second part has 18 questions on theimplementation level of two contents of organizing responsibility accounting; thesecontents do not go into details of accounting speciality but focus on: organizingidentification and classification of responsibility centers and setting up a rewardsystem according to management responsibilities The third part examinesinfluencing factors of the application of responsibility accounting in enterprises,including 31 questions about the influence level of six independent variables
- The second questionnaire (Annex 2.4b): The survey about the reality of
organizing responsibility accounting in enterprises (for objects who are chief
accountants and accountant in enterprises) includes three parts The first part
includes questions about general information of surveyed objects The second parts
Trang 10includes 41 questions on the implementation level of contents of responsibilityaccounting; they go into details of accounting specialty: identifying and classifyingresponsiility centers; collecting, handling and evaluating managementresponsibilities; providing information according to responsibility centers; buildingestimates according to responsibility centers; creating the reward system according tomanagement responsibilities The third part examines influencing factors of theapplication of responsibility accounting in enterprises, including 31 questions aboutthe influence level of six independent variables which are influencing factors oforganizing responsibility accounting and 01 dependent variable which is the contents
of organizing responsibility accounting
- Scope of the survey: The first chose sampling method is the stratifiedsampling method in which the affiliated units are divided into two groups: the group
of manufacturing enterprises and the group of local trading enterprises From thesetwo lists, the author conducts random sampling The list of enterprises which
responded (Annex 2.5) includes 21 enterprises, 11 of which are trading enterprises
and 10 of which are manufacturing enterprises
Before conducting the survey, the questionnaires have been tested by 05accountants and managers of 05 enterprises who are selected objectively After beingchecked and adjusted, the questionnaires are sent via post or email The author sends 110survey questionnaires for managers at all levels (the first questionnaire) and 110questionnaires for chief accountants/ accountants (the second questionnaire).104questionnaires of form 1 and 107 questionnaires of form 2 are collected However, toensure the usefulness of data, the author eliminates results of respondents who have acertain level of knowledge about responsibility accounting As a result, the remaining 99questionnaires of form 1 and 80 questionnaires of form 2 are used
Method of synthesizing, handling and analyzing information
- After being collected, data are checked and synthesized according to theobjectives and contents of the topic To analyze data related to the reality oforganizing responsibility accounting in enterprises, the author uses the method ofsynthesizing and classifying opinions combined with descriptive statistical methodsthrough the study of minimum, maximum and mean values as well as standarddeviation Based on that, relevant observations and assessments are drawn
Trang 11- For the survey content on the influencing factors of organizing responsibilityaccounting in enterprises, the survey questionnaire uses the Likert scale with a scale of 1
to 5 to analyze, quantify and evaluate data The author then uses SPSS 21 software totest the reliability of the scale, perform exploratory factor analysis (EFA) andmultivariate regression analysis to test the research model and accompanyinghypotheses
8 New contributions of the thesis
Firstly, the thesis has systematized the theoretical basis of responsibility
accounting and organizing responsibility accounting in enterprises
Secondly, the thesis has presented an overview of affiliated units of SABECO,
carried out surveys, studies and analyses of the reality of organizing as well asinfluencing factors Based on that, thesis assesses the organization of responsibilityaccounting in enterprises
Thirdly, the thesis has presented some solutions to improve the organization of
responsibility accounting in affiliated units of SABECO
9 Structure of the thesis
In addition to the introduction, conclusion, list of references and appendices,the content of the thesis consists of 3 chapters:
Chapter 1: Theoretical basis of organizing responsibility accounting in enterprisesChapter 2: Reality of organizing accounting responsibility accounting in affiliatedunits of SABECO
Chapter 3: Improving the organization of responsibility accounting at affiliated units
of SABECO
Trang 12CHAPTER 1 THEORETICAL BASIS OF ORGANIZING RESPONSIBILITY
ACCOUNTING IN ENTERPRISES 1.1 GENERAL ISSUES OF RESPONSIBILITY ACCOUNTING IN ENTERPRISES
1.1.1 The establishment and development of responsibility accounting
1.1.2 Roles and information users of responsibility accounting
1.1.2.1 Roles of responsibility accounting
1.1.2.2 Information users of responsibility accounting
1.1.3 Corporate management and its relation with responsibility accounting 1.1.3.1 Corporate governance structure
1.1.3.2 Decentralization and authorization in corporate management
1.1.3.3 Relation between corporate management and responsibility accounting 1.2 ORGANIZING RESPONSIBILITY ACCOUNTING IN ENTERPRISES 1.2.1 Concept and contents of organizing responsibility accounting
1.2.1.1 Concept of organizing responsibility accounting
From viewpoints of responsibility accounting combined with viewpoints of
organizing management accounting, it can be said that: “Organizing responsibility
accounting is the organization of the process of collecting, processing, analyzing and providing controllable financial and non-financial information according to responsibility centers to assess management responsibilities at all levels in order to implement the overall corporate goals."
1.2.1.2 Contents of organizing responsibility accounting
1.2.2 Contents of organizing responsibility accounting
1.2.2.1 Identifying and classifying responsibility centers
1.2.2.2 Building estimates according to responsibility centers
1.2.2.3 Collecting, processing data; evaluating management responsibilities; providing information according to responsibility centers.
1.2.2.4 Creating the reward system according to management responsibilities 1.3 INFLUENCING FACTORS OF ORGANIZING RESPONSIBILITY ACCOUNTING IN ENTERPRISES
Trang 131.3.1 Fundamental theories related to influencing factors of organizing responsibility accounting
1.3.2 Hypotheses and research models of influencing factors of organizing responsibility accounting in enterprises.
1.3.2.1 Impact of competition in the business environment on organizing responsibility accounting
1.3.2.2 Impact of decentralized management on organizing responsibility accounting
1.3.2.3 Impact of enterprise size on organizing responsibility accounting
1.3.2.4 Impact of the awareness of business executives about responsibility accounting on organizing responsibility accounting
1.3.2.5 Impact of cost for organizing responsibility accounting on organizing responsibility accounting
1.3.2.6 Impact of business strategies on organizing responsibility accounting
1.3.2.7 Research model
1.3.2.8 Research scale
CONCLUSION OF CHAPTER 1