BÀI TẬP CÂU CHỦ ĐỘNG - CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG

Lý thuyết : Câu chủ động phải có đầy đủ các yếu tố: Chủ ngữ + động từ+ tân ngữ thì mới đổi sang câu bị động được.. Someone People Trong câu bị động, khi các bạn chuyển đổi câu sẽ có t

** BÀI TẬP CÂU CHỦ ĐỘNG – CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG **

A Lý thuyết :

Câu chủ động phải có đầy đủ các yếu tố: Chủ ngữ + động từ+ tân ngữ thì mới đổi sang câu bị động được

- Công thức

(*) by + Object pronoun(me, him, them, )

Someone

People

Trong câu bị động, khi các bạn chuyển đổi câu sẽ có thêm phần by + Object ở cuối câu, nếu như gặp các object được chuyển đổi về từ câu chủ động như ở trên thì chúng ta lượt bỏ phần by + object cho đỡ rối bài nhé

(*) by + common noun (jobs, family relationship) → teacher, student, doctor, father, uncle,

(*) by + name(Lan, John, Long, )

Trong trường hợp các tân ngữ chuyển đổi được từ câu chủ động là các common noun hoặc name các bạn cần phải giữ lại và đặt nó theo cấu trúc câu bị động ở trên

Examples:

- I open the door

→ The door is opened (by me) (trong câu này, I → me nên by me không cần thiết ghi lại nên mình để trong dấu ngoặc có nghĩa là có cũng được không có cũng không sao

- He bought his house last year

→ His house was bought (by him) last year

- Lan bought a new car last week

→ A new car was bought by Lan last week

Biến đổi động từ

Để biến đổi động từ của câu chủ động về câu bị động các bạn cần căn cứ vào thì trong câu chủ động sau đó chuyển đổi về cho đúng dạng Dưới đây là bảng tóm tắt những dạng động từ và sự chuyện đổi của nó về câu bị động chính xác nhất

Trong đó Aux là can, could, will, would, may, might, shall, should, be going to, be about to, have to, must…

Câu chứa địa điểm và thời gian

Một câu chủ động có thể có thêm Place và Time trong cấu trúc và các bạn có thể chuyển đổi chúng về câu bị động dễ dàng với thứ tự đúng như sau:

- Câu chủ động: Subject + Verb + Object + Place + Time.

→ Câu bị động: Subject + to be + past participle + Place + by + Object + Time.

Example:

My mother has done a lot of work at home today

→ A lot of work has been done at home by my mother today

Ở trên mình đã đánh dấu các phần tử trong câu bằng màu sắc, các bạn căn cứ vào đó có thể thấy được cấu trúc của một câu chứ địa điểm và thời gian

Lưu ý

Trong tiếng anh chúng ta có ngoại động từ và nội động từ:

Transitive → Verbs → Verb + object

Intransitive → Verbs → Verb + Object

Ví dụ: Do, make, love, like, want, + Object.

- Laugh, go, cry, jog, swim, không + Object

Như đã nói ở trên, một câu chủ động có đầy đủ S + V + O mới có thể chuyển đổi về dạng câu bị động Như vậy, tất cả

các nội động từ không có câu bị động.

Ví dụ:

- She runs very fast

- The baby is crying loudly in the bedroom

- I can dance

Là các câu không thể chuyển về câu bị động

Dạng đặc biệt

1 Câu bị động đặc biệt dạng 1

- Cấu trúc: S + V1, V2 + O (Câu này có 2 động từ V1 và V2)

Ví dụ:

- Câu chủ động: I typed the letters and mailed them this morning.

Trong câu này chúng ta có 2 động từ là typed và mailed có một tân ngữ là letters Và chúng ta có thể viết lại câu bị động như sau:

→ The letters were typed and mailed this morning (câu bị động).

2 Câu bị động đặc biệt dạng 2

- Cấu trúc: S + V1, V2 + O1, O2 (Câu có 2 động từ và 2 tân ngữ)

Ví dụ:

- Câu chủ động: I have done my homework and have typed the report (Tôi đã làm bài tập về nhà và đã đánh báo

cáo)

Trong câu trên chúng ta có 2 động từ là done và type, 2 tân ngữ là my homework và the report Với câu chủ động này chúng ta có thể viết lại bị động như sau:

→ My homework has been done and the report has been typed (câu bị động)

3 Câu bị động đặc biệt dạng 3

- Cấu trúc: V + O + V Dùng cho MAKE hoặc LET

Ví dụ:

- He made us do this → We were made to do this

- They let him go → He was allowed to go hoặc He was let to go

(*)Lưu ý: các bạn nên đổi "LET" thành "Allow" khi chuyển đổi sang câu bị động

**) Một số dạng bị động khác :

1/ Dạng nhờ bảo: ( Causative form) “ Have / Get/ make”

Active: S + have + O (người) + bare infinitive + O (người/ vật)

Passive: S + have + O (vật) + Vp2 + ( by O người )

Ex: - I had him repair my bicycle yesterday

I had my bicycle repaired (by him) yesterday

Active: S + get + O (người) + to infinitive + O (vật)

Passive: S + get + O (vật) + Vp2 + (by O người )

Ex: - I get her to make some coffee

I get some coffee made (by her)

Active: S + make + O (người) + bare infinitive + O2 (người/ vật)

Passive: S + be made + to infinitive + O2 + ( by O người )

Ex: - He makes this boy clean the car

The boy is made to clean the car

2/ Động từ chỉ giác quan: (see/ watch/ hear )

Active: S + verb + O + bare infinitive / V-ing +

Passive: S (O A ) + be + Vp2 + to infinitive/ V-ing +

Ex: - They saw her come in

She was seen to come in

3/ Động từ chỉ ý kiến: (say/ think/ believe/ report/ )

Active: S + verb + That + clause ( S2 + V2 + O2) Passive: * It + be + Vp2 + that + clause

* S2 + be + Vp2 + to infinitive

to have Vp2

Ex:

- People say that he is a famous doctor

It is said that he is a famous doctor

He is said to be a famous doctor

- They thought that Mary had gone away

Marry was thought to have gone away

It was thought that Marry had gone away

4/ Câu mệnh lệnh:

a/ Active: Verb + O +

Passive: Let + O + be Vp2 +

Ex: write your name here.

Let your name be written here

b/ S + let + O(người) + do + something

S(O) + be + let + to do something.

S(O) + be + allowed + to do something.

Ex: He let me go out

I was let to go out

I was allowed to go out

B Bài tập :

I, Chọn đáp án đúng :

1 We can’t go along here because the road

A is repairing C is being repaired

B is repaired D repairs

2 The story I’ve just read Agatha Christie

A was written C was written from

B was written by D wrote by

3 I’m going to go out and

A have cut my hair C cut my hair

B have my hair cut D my hair be cut

4 Something funny in class yesterday

A happened C happens

B was happened D is happened

5 Many US automobiles in Detroit, Michigan

A manufacture

B have manufactured

C are manufactured

D are manufacturing

6 A lot of pesticide residue

can unwashed produce

A find C be finding

B found D be found

7 We by a loud noise during the night

A woke up C were woken up

B are woken up D were waking up

8 Some film stars difficult to work with

A are said be C say to be

B are said to be D said to be

9 Why did Tom keep making jokes about me? – I don’t

enjoy at

A be laughed C laughing

B to be laughed D being laughed

10 Today, many serious childhood diseases by

early immunization

A are preventing C prevent

B can prevent D can be prevented

11 Do you get your heating every year?

A checking C be checked

B check D checked

12 Bicycles in the driveway

A must not leave C must not be left

B must not be leaving D must not have left

13 Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony next weekend

A is going to be performed C will be performing

B has been performed D will have perform

14 All bottles before transportation

A frozen C were frozen

B were froze D are froze

15 .yet?

A Have the letters been typed

B Have been the letters typed

C Have the letters typed

D Had the letters typed

16 English has become a second language in countries like

India, Nigeria or Singapore where for administration, broadcasting and education

A is used C used

B it is used D being used

17 The telephones by Alexander Graham Bell

A is invented C invented

B is inventing D was invented

18 Lots of houses by the earthquake

A are destroying C were destroyed

B destroyed D is destroyed

19 Gold in California in the 19th century

A was discovered C was discover

B has been discovered D they discover

20 The preparation by the time the

guest

A had been finished- arrived

B have finished- arrived

C had finished-were arriving

D have been finished- were arrived

21 The boy _ by the teacher yesterday.

A punish C punishing

B punished D was punished

22 “Ms Jones, please type those letters before noon”_

“They’ve already , sir They’re on your desk.”

A typed C being typed

B been being typed D been typed

23 Sarah is wearing a blouse It _ of cotton.

A be made C is made

B are made D made

24 They had a boy _ that yesterday.

A done C did

B to do D do

25 We got our mail yesterday.

A been delivered C delivering

B delivered D to deliver

26 James…… the news as soon as possible.

A should tell C should told

B should be told D should be telled

27 My wedding ring yellow and white gold.

A is made C made

B is making D make

28 Mr Wilson is _ as Willie to his friend.

A known C is known

B knew D know

29 References _ in the examination room.

A not are used C didn’t used

B is not used D are not used

30 Laura in Boston.

A are born C was born

B were born D born

31 His car needs .

A be fixed C to be fixing

B fixing D fixed

32 Her watch needs _.

A repairing C repaired

B to be repaired D A and B

33 My mother is going _ this house.

A sold C to be sold

B sell D to sell

34 There’s somebody behind us I think we are _.

A being followed C follow

B are followed D following

35 Have you _ by a dog?

A bite C ever been bitten

B bit D ever been bit

36 The room is being _ at the moment.

A was cleaned C cleaning

B cleaned D clean

37 It _ that the strike will end soon.

A is expected C are expected

B expected D was expected

38 It is _ that many people are homeless after the floods.

A was reported C reported

B reports D reporting

39 He was said _ this building.

A designing C to design

B to have designed D designed

40 Ted by a bee while he was sitting in the garden

A got sting C get stung

B got stung D gets stung

41 These tennis courts don’t _ very often Not many

people want to play

A got used C get used

B used D get use

42 I’ll get Minh _ do this for you.

A do C did

B done D to do

43 Those letters now You can do the typing later.

A need typing

B needn't be typed

C need to type

D needn't typing

44 “What a beautiful dress you are wearing”- “thanks, it _

especially for me by a French tailor.”

A is made

B has made

C made

D was made

45 Somebody cleans the room every day.

A The room everyday is cleaned

B The room is every day cleaned

C The room is cleaned every day

D The room is cleaned by somebody every day

46 People don’t use this road very often.

A This road is not used very often

B Not very often this road is not used

C This road very often is not used

D This road not very often is used

47 How do people learn languages?

A How are languages learned?

B How are languages learned by people?

C How languages are learned?

D Languages are learned how?

48 Over 1500 new houses _ each year Last year, 1720

new houses _

A were built/ were built

B are built/ were built

C are building / were built

D were built/ were being built

49 Tom bought that book yesterday.

A That book was bought by Tom yesterday

B That book was bought yesterday by Tom

C That book yesterday was bought by Tom

D That book was bought yesterday

50 The new computer system _ next month

A is be installed

B is being installed

C is been installed

D is being installed by people

Đáp án:

1 C 2 B 3 B 4 B 5 C 6 D 7 C 8 B 9 D 10 D

11 D 12 C 13 A 14 B 15 A 16 B 17 D 18 C 19 A 20 A

21 D 22 D 23 C 24 A 25 B 26 B 27 A 28 A 29 D 30 C

31 B 32 A 33 D 34 A 35 C 36 B 37 A 38 C 39 B 40 B

41 C 42 A 43 D 44 D 45 C 46 A 47 A 48 B 49 A 50 B

1/ The manager insisted ……….me a position in the company.

A for offering B on offering C in offer D on offer

2/ The flight attendant reminded the man that smoking…there

A was not allowed B is not allowed C not to allow D not allow

3/ The little boy begged the lady ………… some soup

A give B gives C giving D to give

4/ They invited me the weekend with them

A spends B spend C to spend D spending

5/ He reminded me the letter

A post B to post C posting D to posting

6/ I warned Jim playing with the snakes

A for B in C of D against

7/ Mary apologized for him earlier

A not phoning B not phone C not to phone D not to phoning

8/ She advised him harder

A to study B to studying C study D studying

9/ My mother asked me the window

A open B opening C to opening D to open

10/ Susan insisted on Mary to the beach

A drive B driving C to drive D to driving

11/ Huong congratulated me on the entrance exam

A to pass B to passing C passing D passed

12/ Mr Smith thanked Linda inviting him to the party

A for B of C on D to

13/ Mary refused me any more money

A to lend B to lending C lend D lending

14/ The teacher told his students………all the homework before they ……….to class

A do/ come B to do/ come C to do/ came D do/ came

15/ The supervisor apologized………

A for be late B for being late C on being late D on be late 16/ The father told his son……… his time ………games all day

A not to waste/ play B not to waste/playing C not waste/play D.not waste/ playing 17/ The lecturer told the students not to hesitate to ask if they ……….a question

A have B has C to have D had

18/ My mother advised me ………….hope

A not lose B not to lose C not losing D not to losing 19/ She said she would visit m ………

A following day B the next day C tomorrow D next day 20/ He said he……… a busy day

A had had B have had C did have D has had

1 America By Columbus in 1492

A are discovered B were discovering C is discovered D was discovere

2 Parrots and crows The most intelligent birds

A were considering B are considered C Considered D was considered

3 I still can’t believe! My bicycle last night

A was stolen B was stealing C were stolen D stole

4 Mary traffic accidents by dangerous driving

A cause B caused C are caused D which are caused

5 Many US automobiles in Detroit, Michigan

A manufacture B are manufactured C have manufactured D are manufacturing

6 Grass by fat cows on the green meadow

A are eaten B was being eaten C were being eat D was been eaten

7 So much progress That there may be space-frights to Mars

A is being made B are being made C will be made D will being made

8 Many people believe we can look forward to the day when even our household jobs like cleaning and

decorating by computer-control robots

A will be doing B are being done C would be done D will be done

9 English since 2002

A have been learned B has been learnt C has to learn D have to learn

10 Your bill should before you leave the hotel

A be paid B is paid C are paid D was paid

II, Chuyển các câu sau sang câu bị động :

1 Tom delivers the mail every day

………

2 Mr John manages the export division

………

3The teacher corrects our exercises

………

4.Somebody calls the president every day

………

5.Where do people speak English ?

………

6 Weeds cover the riverbank



7 They use milk for making butter and cheese



8 People speak English in almost every corner of the world



9 People spend a lot of money on advertising everyday



10 No one believes his story



11 Fire destroyed that house



12.The students attended the lecture



13.The movie disappointed us very much



14.The police easily captured the thief



15.John returned the money last night



16 Smoke filled the room



17 Bob took that book from the desk



18.They started a dancing class last week



19 Mr Smith saw the accident



20 The teacher returned our written work to us

 21.For the time being, Alice is teaching that group

 22.John is calling the other members

 23.The company is developing a new procedure

 24.Who are they keeping in the kitchen?

……… 25.What books are people reading this year ?

………

26 Nam is milking the cows

………

27 My father is washing the car

………

28 Sheila is drinking a cup of tea

………

29 Mary is cutting the cake with sharp knife

………

30 The mailman is delivering the mail now

……… 31.Martha was delivering the documents to the department

 32.A french architect was designing the palace

……… 33.Mr Brown was writing the report at 8 p.m yesterday

……… ………

34 Who was painting those windows.?

 ………

35 The chef engineer was instructing all the workers of the plant

……… ………

36 They were not eating dinner 

………

37 We were painting the gate

………

38 You were not driving him home

………

39 He was feeding the dogs ………

40 Was she reading these lines? .………

41 Beth has finished the report 

42 Somebody has taken my briefcase 

43 She has finished the report at noon 

44 The police have arrested five suspects 

45 Kerrie has paid the bill  …………

46 I have eaten a hamburger 

47 I have opened the present ………

48 They have not read the book 

49 You have not sent the parce 

EXERCISE 1: CHUYỂN CÁC CÂU SAU SANG BỊ ĐỘNG. 1.My father waters this flower every morning ………

2.John invited Fiona to his birthday party last night ………

3.Her mother is preparing the dinner in the kitchen ………

4.We should clean our teeth twice a day ………

5.Our teachers have explained the English grammar ………

6.Some drunk drivers caused the accident in this city ………

7.Tom will visit his parents next month ………

8.The manager didn’t phone the secretary this morning ………

9.Did Mary this beautiful dress? ………

10.I won’t hang these old pictures in the living room ………

11.The German didn’t build this factory during the Second World War ………

………

12.The Greens are going to paint this house and these cars for Christmas Day ………

………

13.Ann had fed the cats before she went to the cinema ………

14.The students have discussed the pollution problems since last week ………

15.Have the thieves stolen the most valuable painting in the national museum? ………

………

16.Some people will interview the new president on TV ………

17.How many languages do they speak in Canada? ………

18.Are you going to repair those shoes? ………

19.He has broken his nose in a football match ………

20.Have you finished the above sentences? ………

THỂ BỊ ĐỘNG CÁC MẪU CÂU CƠ BẢN

EXERCISE 2:CHUYỂN CÁC CÂU SAU SANG BỊ ĐỘNG.

1.The waiter brings me this dish

………

2.Our friends send these postcards to us

………

3.Their grandmother told them this story when they visited her

last week

………

4.Tim ordered this train ticket for his mother

………

5.You didn’t show me the special camaras

………

6.She showed her ticket to the airline agent

………

7.He lends his friend his new shoes

………

8.She left her relatives five million pounds

………

9.The shop assistant handed these boxes to the customer

………

10.The board awarded the first prize to the reporter

……… 11.Have you sent the christmas cards to your family?

……… 12.The committee appointed Alice secretary for the meeting

……… 13.He hides the broken cup in the drawer

……… 14.They keep this room tidy all the time

……… 15.They all voted the party a great success

……… 16.We gave Ann some bananas and some flowers

……… 17.They moved the fridge into the living room

……… 18.She bought some cups of tea to the visitors in the next room

……… 19.They find the new project worthless

……… 20.The secretary didn’t take the note to the manager

………

………

THỂ BỊ ĐỘNG CÁC ĐỘNG TỪ TƯỜNG THUẬT

EXERCISE 3:CHUYỂN CÁC CÂU SAU SANG BỊ ĐỘNG.

1.They told me that you were the best architect in this city

………

2.She reported that the flowers were killed by frost

………

3.Some people inform me that the director is going to take a business trip to England

………

4.That officer announced that the meeting was delayed until next week

………

5.He discovered that this cotton was grown in Egypt

………

6.They promise that the performance will start on time

………

7.He recommends that we should stay at the city center

………

8.We believed that Alice would pass the driving test

………