Test bank for transformations women gender and psychology 2nd edition by crawford

A feminist who emphasizes male control and domination of women is most likely a cultural feminist.. → It fights male control promotes domination by women Multiple Choice Question 9.. A p

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This chapter has 69 questions.

Scroll down to see and select individual questions or

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Multiple Choice Questions - (50) Odd Numbered - (35) Short Answer Questions - (19) Even Numbered - (34)

1 Saying psychological knowledge about women is mostly androcentric means the information is considered

created by men

anti-woman

misogynistic

Multiple Choice Question

2 In the mid-1800's in the US, a First Wave feminist movement emerged It reached its peak with the , then lost momentum in the

→ Seneca Falls Declaration of 1848; 1920's after women won the vote Rochester Declaration of 1862; the 1930's when women lost the ERA Rochester Declaration of 1880; the 1920's after women won the vote Seneca Falls Declaration of 1870; 1930's when women lost the ERA Multiple Choice Question

3 In the late ‘60s/early ‘70s some psychologists lobbied the American Psychological Association to form the _, which was officially approved in 1973

Association for Women in Psychology (AWP)

→ Division of the Psychology of Women (Division 35) Women's Studies Program (WSP)

None of the above is correct

4 Thanks to considerable progress in the recognition and support of diverse women in psychology, women now earn _ of the PhD's awarded in psychology, and ethnic minorities earn _ the PhD's

67%; 19%

43%; 32%

50%; 25%

5 Until recently, men controlled institutions of knowledge, and if and when women attended university and developed expertise, they still were

→ often denied legitimacy, the funds for large-scale research, or an actual degree. only recognized as legitimate PhD's in the United States

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denied teaching positions.

All the above are correct

6 A feminist who emphasizes male control and domination of women is most likely a

cultural feminist

→ radical feminist

liberal feminist

Any of the above is correct

7 Feminism may be defined

as the belief men do not understand women

by the belief sisterhood is more important than any other relationship

→ most simply as a movement to end sexism and sexist oppression

8 Which of the following is NOT true of the womanism movement?

It began with criticism of the white women's movement

It also is called "woman-of-color" feminism

It fights racism and classism

→ It fights male control promotes domination by women Multiple Choice Question

9 A person who believes women and men should be treated equally, supports the means to achieve this, and emphasizes the similarities between the sexes is a

cultural feminist

→ liberal feminist

radical feminist

10 The liberal feminist perspective is less likely to emphasize the value of so-called feminine traits than the

→ cultural feminist perspective

womanist perspective

radical feminist perspective

global feminist perspective

Multiple Choice Question 11

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A feminist who focuses on the differences between women and men and who feels

"feminine" characteristics should be recognized as valuable rather than be devalued

is most likely a

→ cultural feminist

radical feminist

liberal feminist

12 A feminist who recognizes women as valuable and who believes social changes need

to occur to benefit women is a

cultural feminist

radical feminist

liberal feminist

→ Any of the above is correct

13 Which of the following is NOT an important concept of ALL the feminist perspectives?

Women are of high value

Social change is needed if women are to lead secure and satisfying lives

→ Women must live separately from men and create their own culture

Women's concerns are worthy topics of research and analysis

14 A feminist focusing on how prejudice and discrimination against women are related

to global capitalism and neocolonialism is a

radical feminist

liberal feminist

→ global feminist

cultural feminist

15 A feminist focusing on concerns like sweatshop labor conditions, unequal access to healthcare and education, and forced prostitution is a

→ global feminist

radical feminist

cultural feminist

liberal feminist

Multiple Choice Question 16

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Though Western society does not pressure women to undergo genital cutting or require them to veil their faces and bodies in public, Western society restricts women's bodily freedom and integrity through practices like

sexual harassment in public places

pressure to seek the perfect body through dieting

encouraging women to undergo cosmetic surgery

→ All the above are correct

17 Conservatism bases its belief of traditional roles for women on

biology

social context

religion

18 Which of the following justifies its view of women on the grounds of biology and religion?

womanism pro-feminism

androcentrism Multiple Choice Question

19 Can men be feminists?

No; feminism is, by definition, a movement exclusively for women by women

No; men cannot understand and appreciate women's struggles

→ Yes; profeminist men can value women, working to reduce sexism Yes, but only in that they can support women who are working to end sexism and sexist oppression

20 Biases in research can enter the process

at the question formulation stage

when researchers choose or create biased measures

when a comparison group is chosen

21 Biases in the choice of research participants often include

relying on college student samples

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biases of age, social class, and developmental stage.

a tendency to study males and male issues more often than females and female issues

22 The proportion of male-only studies has _ since the 1970's

increased

stayed the same alternately increased and decreased Multiple Choice Question

23 An example of a subtle sex bias in research would be

the failure of psychological journals to report the gender of participants emphasizing research on all-female samples cannot be generalized to men, but failing to do the same thing when all-male samples are used treating all-female samples as if they have limitations all-male samples

do not

24 Research on ethnic minorities of both sexes is scarce except when

the results also are applicable to majority culture

the emphasis is on ethnic individuals who have been assimilated into majority culture

→ the focus is social problems like teen pregnancy or crime

the purpose of the research is to demonstrate majority culture superiority Multiple Choice Question

25 During the design stage of the research process all the following are done EXCEPT

selection of method

choice of research participants

→ collection of data

choice of comparison group

26 Which of the following would be an example of sexist bias in the research process?

Research emphasizes whether mothers' employment harms their children rather than whether it benefits them

An instrument used to study menstrual-related issues is named the

"menstrual distress inventory."

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Gender-related differences are more likely to be discussed and published than gender-related similarities

27 According to the textbook, because many topics are gender-linked in researchers' minds, so-called male topics are

decreasing in number

preferred by researchers because women rarely "show interest" in empirical research

→ considered more important than findings on females

28 One example of androcentrism would be

women being studied more than men

→ generalizing findings about men being to all people

findings about gender being seen as more important than findings about either sex separately

white people being studied more than people of color

29 When documenting research in journal articles, researchers state the reasons for and limitations of having a/an sample, but little explanation is given for a/an _ sample

all-male; all-female mixed-sex; all-male all-white; all-black

→ all-female; all-male Multiple Choice Question

30 Research documenting _ is often overlooked, while research documenting _ is sought and publicized

gender differences; gender similarities

→ gender similarities; gender differences masculinity; femininity

femininity; masculinity Multiple Choice Question

31 Although experimentation is the most respected paradigm for psychological research,

it may not always be ideal for research on gender because

controlling for volunteer bias is particularly difficult in gender-related research

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interviews may yield more accurate results.

→ the researcher creates an artificial environment to manipulate participant experiences. people do not always follow directions given by the experimenter

32 Although psychologists like to do experiments because they can show causation,

interviews tend to yield more accurate results

case study methods may be more useful to researchers overall

few female researchers have been trained in the experimental method

→ behavior in a laboratory may not be representative of behavior in other situations. Multiple Choice Question

33 To be a feminist researcher, one must be

a woman

→ a person of either sex, who approaches research with a feminist perspective.

a liberal feminist

an experimentalist

34 When creating questions for her survey, Anne decided that she would avoid using terms often used to describe women and men in traditional roles Anne is trying to minimize sex bias in the _ stage of research

data analysis question formulation All the above are correct

35 The beliefs of the dominant groups in society

are normative

become more visible when those outside of the dominant group question them

are not always recognized as values because they are so common in popular thinking

36 Values of the dominant group in society are reflected in psychological research These values

are harmful to the research

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should be identified.

should be examined to clarify biases present in the research process

37 The core beliefs uniting feminist psychologists include all of the following EXCEPT

→ universal laws of behavior are necessary

empirical research is important and worthwhile

science can never be value-free or completely objective

many external forces shape human behavior

38 With regards to differences and similarities among women, feminist psychologists believe

we must not assume all women have much in common with each other simply because they are women

women's psychology is affected by women's social and cultural backgrounds

it is important to study varied groups of women

39 Feminist psychologists believe, with regards to equality with men, women

will probably never truly be seen as equal

→ have not yet achieved full equality

have nearly achieved full equality

achieved full equality in the 1960's and 1970's, but have lost many of the gains they made at that time

40 Inequalities women face and/or have faced include

denying women the right to vote, own property, or use public spaces denying women the right to make decisions about their own bodies

being paid less at work and sexist harassment

41 With regards to the popular belief "men are from Mars and women are from Venus," feminists believe

→ women and men are not complete opposites of each other

gender similarities should always be emphasized

gender differences are primarily related to biology

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the differences between women and men are greater than the differences among men or among women

42 A woman who is wealthy and privileged may actually have more in common with

poor women than with wealthy and privileged men

women from ethnic minorities than with poor women

→ wealthy and privileged men than with poor women

poor women than with women from ethnic minorities

43 One of the dangers of creating a "generic" woman against which to compare all women of color is

deciding to which "kind" of woman of color the generic model should refer

that the word "generic" is seen as inherently offensive to feminists

→ researchers are making white women the norm, just as previous psychologists made men the norm.

44 Psychology has traditionally focused on changing individuals, including

altering attitudes

increasing insight and self-understanding

reducing or eliminating self-defeating thinking and behaviors

45 While psychology has traditionally focused on changing individuals,

→ it can also contribute to social change

feminists believe there should be a more concerted effort to change men feminists believe women should never be asked to change

All the above are correct Multiple Choice Question

46 Women who wish to change as individuals may find

hard work will help them accomplish whatever they hope to accomplish

→ there are limits to the power of individual change due to social structures.

social-structural problems may be problematic; however, commitment and persistence to individual change will prevail

a and c

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47 The psychology of women is particularly linked to women's

biological instincts

roles as wives and mothers

→ place in society and culture

48 Third-wave groups such as the Riot Grrrls have goals such as

reclaiming girl culture

asserting women's place in rock and pop music

proclaiming the joys of women's sexuality

49 Crawford believes if feminist psychologists concentrate on studying the experiences

of white, middle-class, heterosexual women,

they will have a clear understanding of the psychology of women

they will be able to generalize their knowledge to other women with minor adjustments, because this population comprises the majority of women

they will understand how gender and other social factors interact for all women

→

they will limit the understanding of women's experiences, just as understanding of humans was limited when white males were the primary focus of research

50 Feminists believe

gender equality is possible

social contexts shape people's behavior

social contexts limit human potential

51 Describe how a feminist approach is employed in research How does this approach differ from traditional ones?

Explanation:

Answer will vary

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