Test bank for sociology a down to earth approach 6th canadian edition by henslin

Answer: d Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 4–5 Skill: Factual 3 Which of the following social sciences is concerned with the history of human society, with a focus on migration, the deve

Chapter 1 The Sociological Perspective

1) The perspective emphasizes the influence of the social context on people's behaviour

2) How do the social sciences differ significantly from the natural sciences?

a The social sciences are less specialized

b The social sciences are more established disciplines

c The natural sciences use the scientific method to understand society and human behaviour

d The social sciences study how the human world, unlike nature, is created and recreated

by humans

e The social sciences base their theories on common sense

Answer: d Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 4–5 Skill: Factual

3) Which of the following social sciences is concerned with the history of human society, with a focus on migration, the development of tools, kinship and value systems, and social relationships?

4) Which element did Enlightenment thinkers believe would play a crucial role in developing modern society?

a A return to religious values

b Ideas of reason and rationality

c Halting of factory production

d The end of colonialism

e The challenge to science as the only source of legitimate knowledge about the world

Answer: b Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 7–8 Skill: Factual

5) What did C Wright Mills believe was an important goal for American sociology?

a Establishing academic respect for sociology

b Serving the interests of American society in terms of global capitalism

c Developing abstract models of society

d Developing middle-range theories

e Using sociology to promote social reform

Answer: e Diff: 2 Type: MC

Page Reference: 16–17 Skill: Factual

6) _was a leading Canadian sociologist at the University of Toronto He is best known for his theory of staples trade and how it created the conditions for a particular form of Canadian economic development

7) theory argues that women’s place in the capitalist economy allows men to objectify and exploit them The solution to women’s exploitation lies in the elimination

of false consciousness and revolutionary change in the world economy

a psychological constructs

b intrapsychic processes

c harmony among groups

d the history and development of mankind

e social contexts of action

Answer: e Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Reference: 3 Skill: Factual

9) When sociologists group people into categories based on their age, gender, educational level, job, and income, they are trying to determine their:

10) It is evident, from the labels on our clothes to the components in our cars and instantaneous communications, that our world is becoming a village

Skill: Factual

11) Mary is employed by a Member of Parliament whom has asked Mary to determine the age groups in her riding that are most likely to vote in the upcoming election Mary is most likely to contact a[n] to acquire this information

12) Gerald is the personal director for a large corporation He has decided to give prospective employees a test that will measure each person’s emotional skills To acquire this test, Gerald is likely to call a[n]:

13) Sociologists look for patterns, recurring characteristics or events, in their data to achieve the goal of:

a identification

b diagnosis

c generalization

d extrapolation

e exploration

Answer: c Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Reference: 6 Skill: Factual

14) The was one of the three factors that contributed to the emergence of sociology as a discipline

15) was the first person to propose that positivism be applied to the study of social life

16) Sociology emerged around the century when European social observers began to use scientific methods to test their ideas

a middle of the eighteenth

b middle of the nineteenth

c middle of the seventeenth

d middle of the sixteenth

e beginning of the twentieth

Answer: b Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Reference: 7 Skill: Factual

17) Karl Marx referred to the controlling class of capitalists who own the means to produce wealth, capital, land, factories, and machines as the:

18) Tom works on the assembly line at the local automobile factory Karl Marx would consider Tom to be a because he does not own the factory

Answer: a Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 9 Skill: Applied

19) predicted that there would be a classless society once the working class united and began a revolution

20) According to Durkheim, a low level of is a key factor in suicide

21) Emile Durkheim defined as the degree to which people feel a part of social groups

a social connectivity

22) Victor commits suicide shortly after the death of Rose, his wife of 35 years

According to Durkheim, Victor committed suicide

23) Durkheim concluded that if went too far in a society, the result could be a state of anomie

Page Reference: 10 Skill: Factual

24) compared Roman Catholic and Protestant countries to determine how the relationship between capitalism and religion affected people's orientations to life

25) According to Max Weber, was the central factor in the rise of capitalism

26) Max Weber concluded that societies that were predominantly were more likely to adopt capitalism as a new economic system

a Protestant

b Atheist

c Agnostic

d Jewish

e Catholic

Answer: a Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 11 Skill: Factual

27) Weber wanted to be the hallmark of sociological research

28) Sociologists stress that studies should be to avoid distortions caused by a researcher's values

30) Stuart is examining the attendance rates of the three churches in his community According to Durkheim, the attendance rates of the church members at the three churches would be considered:

31) According to Durkheim, are patterns of behaviour that characterize a social group, community or nation

Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Reference: 12 Skill: Factual

32) According to Weber, the use of Verstehen encourages sociologists to pay attention to

in order to gain insight into why people do the things that they do

33) The early women sociologists in North America often turned to social activism because they were:

a often denied the opportunity to become university professors

b more interested in solving social problems

c wealthy enough to have servants at home

d not as interested in research as male sociologists

e not interested in applied sociology

Answer: a Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Reference: 12 Skill: Factual

34) spent his lifetime studying relations between African-Americans and whites in an effort to eliminate social injustice

a Talcott Parsons

35) A[n] is an explanation of how two or more facts are related to one another

36) According to , symbols are the basis of social life

37) Symbolic interactionists point out that symbols make social life possible and without them:

a we could not coordinate our actions with others

b our social relations would be limited to the animal level

c there would be no books

d all of the above

e none of the above

Answer: d Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 17 Skill: Factual

38) is one of the founders of symbolic interactionism, a major theoretical perspective in sociology

a George Herbert Mead

39) According to Robert Merton, are the intended beneficial consequences of people's actions

Answer: b Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Reference: 18–19 Skill: Factual

40) are consequences that hurt or weaken a social system

41) Merton used the term to describe the unintended positive consequences of people's actions that often help a system to adapt

a feminists

43) was developed by Karl Marx to explain human history

44) Michael views society as a system of interrelated parts, while John views society as composed of groups competing for scarce resources Michael would be considered a theorist, and John would be seen as a theorist

a functionalist; symbolic interactionist

Page Reference: 18, 19 Skill: Applied

45) Sociologist Ralf Dahrendorf contends that conflict is found in all

46) Which of the following is a feminist theory?

a Liberal feminist

b Non-Marxist radical

c Marxist

d All of the above

e None of the above

Answer: d Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Reference: 20 Skill: Factual

47) When a sociologist examines the relationships between men and women in terms of basic inequalities, he or she would be taking a perspective

a functionalist

b hermeneutic

c feminist

d dysfunctionalist

e symbolic interactionist

Answer: c Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 19–20 Skill: Applied

48) The horrors of war and global conflict combined with the failure of science and reason in enhancing personal freedom led C Wright Mills to suggest that we are living in a(n) period

49) The French theorist argued that in industrialist capitalist societies, signs and symbols and the real world are the same

50) Judith Butler and Gayle Rubin are best known as theorists

51) Critical race theory examines both the social construction of race and race identity and the reality of discrimination utilizing the discipline of

52) Sergio is interested in how changes in Canadian society are related to homelessness

He is examining how economic conditions have contributed to the increase in the number

of homeless Sergio is conducting a(n) analysis

Answer: d Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 22 Skill: Applied 53) If an individual focuses on , he or she is conducting a micro-level analysis

a social interaction among the homeless

b intrapsychic processes

c the local community schools

d the large-scale pattern of society

e unemployment rates in Chicago

Answer: a Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 22 Skill: Applied

54) Sara is focusing on communication patterns among the homeless people in her study Her analysis is being conducted at the level of analysis

55) In studying problems of the homeless, would focus on the face-to-face interactions among the homeless

a symbolic interactionists

56) Lazarsfeld and Reitz divide the development of sociology into three phases During the second phase, was the focus of sociologists

a merging sociological knowledge with practical work

b investigating interpretative frameworks

c establishing sociology as a respected discipline

d developing the scientific method

e social activism to reform society

Answer: c Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 22 Skill: Factual 57) is the blending of sociological knowledge with practical results

Skill: Factual

58) Hans has been hired by his local law enforcement agency to investigate the causes of violence and to make recommendations for reducing violence in the community Hans would be considered a[n] sociologist

59) Helga is a family counsellor and would be considered a[n] sociologist because she uses her sociological knowledge to change the basic relationships in a family

60) When we try to understand human behaviour by placing it within its broader social context, we are using the sociological perspective

a True

Correct: Correct

b False

Incorrect: Incorrect

Answer: a Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Reference: 2 Skill: Factual

61) Contemporary Quebec sociology is primarily focused on the issue of French language rights and the Quebec sovereignty issue

62) Its focus on political economy, feminism, and postmodernism has led to Canadian sociology being perceived as more activist-based than American sociology

63) Usually, sociologists stress the importance of instinct in determining an individual’s choices

a True

Incorrect: Incorrect

b False

Correct: Correct

Answer: b Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Reference: 2 Skill: Factual

64) As a result of new global interconnections and communication systems, we are now living in a global economy

65) The natural sciences are designed to predict the behaviour of humans in their natural environment

66) In examining the factors that influence human behaviour, psychologists focus on processes that occur within the individual, while sociologists stress factors external to the individual

a True

Correct: Correct

b False

Incorrect: Incorrect

Answer: a Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Reference: 6 Skill: Factual 67) Explanation, generalization, and prediction are the goals of all the sciences

68) Sociology emerged during medieval times

69) All scientific endeavours require that theories must be able to be proved or disproved

Answer: a Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Reference: 4 Skill: Factual

70) Auguste Comte believed that society could be studied by sociologists using the same methods employed by other scientists

71) Karl Marx believed that the roots of human misery lay in the exploitation of the proletariat by the capitalist class in control of the means of production

a True

Incorrect: Incorrect

b False

Correct: Correct

Answer: b Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Reference: 9 Skill: Factual 73) The proletariat owns the means to produce wealth

74) An important goal of Durkheim’s was to have sociology recognized as a separate academic discipline

75) According to Durkheim, the lack of social integration is a key factor in suicide

Type: TF Page Reference: 10 Skill: Applied

76) Because social factors have been found to influence whether individuals commit suicide, the suicide rates remain fairly constant year after year

77) Weber emphasized that sociologists should be subjective when conducting research

78) Durkheim used the term Verstehen to describe a condition in which people become

detached from society and have little moral guidance

Page Reference: 12 Skill: Factual 79) Harriet Martinueau is primarily known for translating Comte's ideas into English

80) Merton stressed the need for sociologists to develop middle-range theories because grand theories could not be tested

81) A theory is a framework of related ideas that we use to interpret facts

83) Merton defined latent functions as people's actions that create disharmony in a society

84) To understand society, functionalists maintain that we need to examine both structure and function

87) Sociologist Lewis Coser points out that conflict is more likely to occur among individuals who are in close relationships

88) Theorists using the functionalist perspective usually focus on social interaction (the micro level of analysis)

89) Postmodernists believe that science and reason are the keys to social progress and increased personal freedom

90) A researcher who believes that lesbians need to put their differences aside and unite

to accomplish collective goals is most likely a queer theorist

91) Critical race theory is a multidisciplinary approach used to explore the social construction of race and racial identity

92) Basic research is an attempt by sociologists to merge sociological knowledge and practical work

93) Applied sociology refers to the use of sociology to solve social problems