Test bank for psychology the science of person mind and brain 1st edition by cervone

Psychology is defined as the scientific study of persons, the mind, and the brain.. Provide an example of three professions within the field of psychology that highlight careers that peo

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1 Psychology is defined as the scientific study of persons, the mind, and the brain Provide an example of three professions within the field of psychology that highlight careers that people interested in psychology at the level of person, the mind, and the brain might pursue

2 What are examples of psychological research at the level of persons, the mind, and the brain? Provide one example for each level

3 Why has psychology been described as both a diverse and unified field? Explain how psychology is both diverse and unified

4 What are the three key steps of the scientific method? Define each and provide an example of how you might use the

scientific method to answer a specific question

5 How do scientific questions differ from nonscientific questions? Provide an example of a scientific question and a

nonscientific question

6 How might gender stereotypes affect math performance? Provide explanations at the level of the person, mind, and brain

7 How might gender stereotypes affect math performance? Provide examples of research at the level of the person, mind, and brain

8 How do the teachings of Aristotle and the Buddha highlight differences found in psychology today? Summarize the

contributions of each to the field of psychology

9 Frame the nature versus nurture debate by summarizing the work of Locke and Kant

10 What are the six most prominent schools of thought within the field of psychology? Provide a brief description of each

11 Which of the quotes from one of the chapter's six psychologists exemplifies work at the person level of analysis?

A) “I need to understand how patients regulate emotions; organize information and make decisions; perform on the job, socially, and within the family; and understand the world and their place in it.”

B) “I study Aplysia californica….Aplysia form memories But unlike most, they do it with an extremely simple nervous system….With so few cells, we can trace the cell-by-cell formation of memories by implanting electrodes into cells while Aplysia learn new information.”

C) “I try to understand how computing systems can improve life in developing communities Although there are nearly 5 billion mobile phones worldwide, technology's benefits remain out of reach for many.”

D) “I study psychological factors that affect athletic performance….If someone—a client in therapy or an athlete—is very anxious, we may teach that person to replace anxiety-related thoughts…with thoughts that help people remain calm.”

12 Which of the quotes from one of the chapter's six psychologists exemplifies work at the mind level of analysis?

D) “I spend most of my time in communities in Chicago….When community service organizations run programs,

somebody has to figure out if they work I do this For example, I recently evaluated a voter registration rally and a program to develop leadership skills in young women.”

13 Which of the quotes from one of the chapter's six psychologists exemplifies work at the brain level of analysis?

D) “I spend most of my time in communities in Chicago….When community service organizations run programs,

somebody has to figure out if they work I do this For example, I recently evaluated a voter registration rally and a program to develop leadership skills in young women.”

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14 The text introduces the levels of analysis approach with a metaphor about an iPhone installed with Angry Birds In that

metaphor, what corresponds to the person level of analysis?

A) Angry Birds

B) computer software

C) electronic hardware

D) the user of the phone

metaphor, what corresponds to the mind level of analysis?

A) Angry Birds

metaphor, what corresponds to the brain level of analysis?

A) Angry Birds

17 Person is to mind as knowledge of gender stereotypes is to:

A) knowledge of racial stereotypes

B) brain regions that produce emotions

C) increased levels of anxiety

D) brain regions useful for math

18 Knowledge of gender stereotypes is to _ as increased levels of anxiety is to _

A) person; mind

B) person; brain

C) mind; brain

D) mind; mind

19 Individual differences in self-control ability is to _ as the ability to control emotions is to _

A) brain; mind

B) person; brain

C) mind; brain

D) person; mind

20 Quinn and Spencer (2001) found that when stereotype threat was eliminated, women performed as well as men on a math test Ashcraft and Kirk (2001) found that anxiety can impair memory Linking these two studies together to explain why women sometimes underperform men on high stakes tests illustrates how research at a lower level (the mind) can _ our understanding of a phenomenon at a higher level (the person)

A) contradict

B) deepen

C) obscure

D) overshadow

21 Nolan wanted to better understand how to stay on a diet, so he asked his psychology teacher what she knew about

self-control Her answer, though correct, was not very satisfying: She described what interconnected brain areas become active when people try to resist temptation What particular fact about levels of analysis is illustrated by this?

A) Each level is complementary

B) Lower levels deepen our understanding

C) It is often best to start at the person level

D) The levels differ considerably

22 Anissa wondered why some people are more likely than others to enjoy humor, so she asked her professor for some

information Her professor's response, though correct, was not very satisfying: He described areas of the brain are most active when we process language and incongruity What particular fact about levels of analysis is illustrated by this?

A) The levels differ considerably

B) It is often best to start at the person level

C) Each level is complementary

D) Lower levels deepen our understanding

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23 Two classmates were discussing what they know about why women sometimes underperform men on high stakes math tests The first student, Amina, noted that being reminded of the stereotype that women are less good at math causes the

performance difference The second student, Brenda, replied, “You're wrong; it's caused by the activation of brain areas associated with emotional processing.” Whose thinking is incorrect, and why?

A) Amina is incorrect Being reminded of the stereotype that women are less good at math does not cause performance differences

B) Amina is incorrect Findings at the brain level invalidate findings at the mind level

C) Brenda is incorrect Differences in brain activation do not account for differences in math performance

D) Brenda is incorrect Findings at different levels of analysis complement each other

24 Two classmates were discussing what they know about why women sometimes underperform men on high stakes math tests The first student, Cam, noted that being reminded of the stereotype that women are less good at math causes the performance difference The second student, Derek, replied, “You're wrong; it's caused by the activation of brain areas associated with emotional processing.” What should Evelyn, who understands the levels of analysis approach, say to them?

A) “You're both wrong Performance on these tests is best explained at the mind level.”

B) “Cam is right Performance on these tests is best explained at the person level.”

C) “Derek is right Performance on these tests is best explained at the brain level.”

D) “You're both right Each of these levels of analysis complement one another.”

25 Choose the topic that belongs to the person level of analysis

A) social influence

B) memory

C) emotion

D) nervous system

26 Choose the topic that belongs to the mind level of analysis

A) culture

B) social influence

C) consciousness

D) chromosomes

27 Choose the topic that belongs to the brain level of analysis

A) endocrine system

B) consciousness

C) emotion

D) poverty

28 This chapter's Try This! activity demonstrates that we can “remember” a word as having appeared on a list even if it did not This kind of _ illustrates research at the _ level of analysis

A) flaw; mind

B) flaw; person

C) asset; mind

D) asset; person

29 This chapter's Try This! activity demonstrates that we can “remember” a word as having appeared on a list even if it did not This kind of flaw illustrates research at the _ level of analysis because it focuses on _

A) mind; mental processes

B) person; mental processes

C) mind; individual differences

D) person; individual differences

30 The field of psychology is diverse, with many subfields Which conclusion about the field of psychology is accurate?

A) The field of psychology lacks integration

B) The subfields have little to do with one another

C) Results from different fields inform one another

D) There is little overlap in what researchers study

31 Which statement is accurate?

A) Stereotypes do not affect the mind

B) Stereotypes do not affect the brain

C) Stereotypes do not affect people

D) Stereotypes affect the brain

A) Jill believing that people like her are bad at math does not affect her mind

B) Carmen hearing someone commenting that she is bad at spelling does not affect her brain

C) Hearing that certain people are not athletic does not affect their athletic performance

D) Hugo hearing someone commenting that he is bad at spelling affects his brain

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33 When reminded of negative stereotypes of a group they belong to, subjects:

A) performed less well on cognitive tasks

B) performed better on cognitive tasks

C) became less anxious and more able to focus

D) experienced activation in the same brain regions needed for cognitive tasks

34 When Belle was reminded that women perform less well than men on the graduate entrance exam, she:

A) performed less well than she might have if she wasn't reminded of this stereotype

B) performed better than she might have if she wasn't reminded of this stereotype

C) became less anxious and more committed to do well

D) experienced activation in the same brain regions needed for cognitive tasks

35 Psychology is the scientific study of persons, the mind, and the brain Which would be an example of psychology as the

science of the person?

A) When reminded of a negative stereotype about their group, people tend, on average, to perform less well

B) Stereotypes create mental distractions and feelings of anxiety that interfere with thinking processes needed to perform well on tests

C) When reminded of negative stereotypes, activity increases in brain regions that generate emotional reactions rather than brain regions associated with good test performance

D) When reminded of negative stereotypes, activity increases in brain regions that generate emotional reactions as well as those associated with good test performance

36 Psychology is the scientific study of persons, the mind, and the brain Which would be an example of psychology as the

science of the mind?

D) When reminded of negative stereotypes, activity increases in brain regions that generate emotional reactions as well as those associated with good test performance

37 Psychology is the scientific study of persons, the mind, and the brain Which of the following would be an example of

psychology as the science of the brain?

D) When reminded of a negative stereotype about their group, people tend, on average, to perform better

38 Psychology is:

A) primarily a field of therapists and mental health practitioners

B) similar to medicine since neither are a science but both rely on biology

C) the scientific study of the person and mind but not brain

D) the scientific study of the person, mind, and brain

A) Psychology is primarily a field of therapists and mental health practitioners

B) Psychology is similar to medicine since neither are a science but both rely on biology

C) Psychology is the scientific study of the person and mind but not the brain

D) Psychology is the scientific study of the person, mind, and brain

40 Psychology is:

A) primarily a field of therapists and mental health practitioners

B) not a science

C) a narrow and unified scientific field

D) a diverse scientific field

A) Psychology is primarily a field of therapists and mental health practitioners

B) Psychology is not a science

C) Psychology is a narrow and unified scientific field

D) Psychology is a diverse scientific field

Test Bank for Psychology The Science of Person Mind and Brain 1st Edition by Cervone Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/

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42 Which is an example of a psychologist interested in research at the level of the brain?

A) Pauline is interested in how the chemical estrogen affects mental abilities

B) Ed talks to rural farmers in India to understand how computers can improve the quality of life in developing

communities

C) Lynn runs a support group for grandparents raising children

D) Gloria studies the psychological factors that affect athletic performance such as decision making

43 Which is an example of a psychologist interested in research at the level of the mind?

B) Robert studies the Aplysia californica to understand how memories are formed

D) Gloria studies the psychological factors that affect athletic performance such as decision making

44 Which is an example of a psychologist interested in research at the level of the person?

B) Robert studies the Aplysia californica to understand how memories are formed

D) Ed talks to rural farmers in India to understand how computers can improve the quality of life in developing

communities

45 More than one in four psychologists work:

A) in hospitals and other health service settings

B) for the government

C) in private practice

D) for non-profit organizations

46 Darlene is a psychologist There is at least a 25 percent chance that Darlene works:

A) in a hospital or other health service setting

D) for a non-profit organization

47 More than one in four psychologists work:

A) at universities and four-year colleges

D) for non-profit organizations

48 Karen is a psychologist There is at least a 25 percent chance that Karen works:

A) at a university or four-year college

D) for a non-profit organization

49 A key common thread among all psychologists is:

A) the belief that therapy can heal

B) a belief in the science of the mind

C) the study of the brain

D) a commitment to the methods of science

50 Dr Grayson is a psychologist Which would be true of Dr Grayson?

A) She believes that therapy can heal

B) She believes in a science of the mind

C) She studies the brain

D) She is commitment to the methods of science

51 Novelists, journalists, poets, playwrights, and philosophers provide valuable ideas about human nature But unlike

professionals in these other fields, psychologists:

A) study the mind

B) study the brain

C) test their ideas scientifically

D) study human nature from the perspective of the person

52 Marta is a philosopher who publishes extensively on human nature Lin is a psychologist and also studies human nature

However, unlike Marta, Lin primarily studies:

A) the mind

B) the brain

C) ideas that have been tested scientifically

D) human nature from the perspective of the person

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53 The fields of biology, chemistry, and physics:

A) share psychology's commitment to philosophical methodology

B) share psychology's commitment to scientific methods

C) use the scientific method that differentiates them from fields like psychology

D) do not study the brain

54 What do biologists, chemists, physicists, and psychologists have in common?

A) They all share a commitment to philosophical methodology

B) They all share a commitment to scientific methods

C) Their main focus is the study of the person

D) None of them study the brain directly

55 The scientific method is:

A) a narrow set of procedures through which scientists obtain information about the world

B) the set of procedures used to conduct experiments

C) a broad array of procedures through which scientists obtain information about the world

D) a record of how observations are made

56 Since Joyce is a research psychologist, she:

A) uses a narrow set of procedures to obtain information about the world

B) conduct experiments

C) uses a broad array of procedures to obtain information about the world

D) provides therapy to people in distress

57 The three key steps of the _ method are collecting evidence, recording observations systematically, and recording how observations were made

A) scientific

B) experimental

C) survey

D) correlational

58 As part of her job as a research assistant, Gabriella collects evidence, records observations systematically, and records how she made those observations In doing so, Gabriella is following:

A) the scientific method

B) experimental procedures

C) survey procedures

D) the correlational method

59 The three key steps of the scientific method are:

A) collecting evidence, recording how observations are made, and repeating those observations

B) collecting evidence, recording observations systematically, and recording how observations are made

C) collecting evidence, recording observations systematically, and reporting those findings to others

D) recording observations systematically, recording how observations are made, and repeating those systematic

observations

60 What is the first key step in the scientific method?

A) report findings to others

B) collect evidence

C) record how observations were made

D) record observations systematically

61 Hamid is a research psychologist What is the first step Hamid should take when employing methods to evaluate topics of interest?

A) report findings to others

B) collect evidence

C) record how observations were made

D) record observations systematically

62 Questions that can be answered by gathering evidence through the scientific method are known as:

A) scientific studies

B) experiments

C) scientific questions

D) philosophical questions

63 Which question can be answered using the scientific method?

A) Is it okay to steal?

B) Are married people happier than single people?

C) Are there angels?

D) Are all bachelors unmarried?

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64 Which question can be answered using the scientific method?

A) Is it okay to use public assistance to supplement a low income?

B) Are children more impulsive than adults?

C) Are there ghosts?

D) Are there 50 state capitals in the United States?

65 _ is the ability to think logically, to question assumptions, to evaluate evidence, and, more generally, to be open-minded yet skeptical about information you hear

A) Logical thinking

B) The scientific method

C) Critical thinking

D) Cynical thinking

66 Monica thinks logically, questions assumptions, evaluates evidence, and, more generally, is open-minded yet skeptical about information she hears This is known as:

A) logical thinking

B) the scientific method

C) critical thinking

D) cynical thinking

67 The combination of open-mindedness and skepticism enabled psychologists to produce a body of ESP research findings that: A) support the existence of ESP

B) fail to support the existence of ESP

C) cannot evaluate the existence of ESP

D) do not resolve the question of the existence of ESP

68 Psychologists answer questions at three levels of analysis: the person, mind, and:

A) brain

B) self

C) soul

D) body

69 Psychologists answer questions at three levels Some try to answer questions about how negative stereotypes affect how

people perform on tests Others try to understand how stereotypes causes anxiety Still others try to answer questions at the level of the:

A) brain

B) mind

C) self

D) body

70 Psychologists answer questions at three levels of analysis: the person, brain, and:

A) mind

B) self

C) soul

D) body

71 Psychologists answer questions at three levels Some try to answer questions about how negative stereotypes affect how

people perform on tests Others try to understand how anxiety causes the release of stress hormones Still others try to answer questions at the level of the:

A) brain

B) mind

C) person

D) body

72 Psychologists answer questions at three levels Some try to answer questions about how negative stereotypes cause feelings

of anxiety Others try to understand how anxiety causes the release of stress hormones Still others try to answer questions at the level of the:

A) brain

B) mind

C) person

D) body

73 Psychological researchers have found that, when compared to men, fewer women get the highest-level scores on high-stakes math tests What explains these findings at the person level of analysis?

A) Women's performance on high-stakes math tests is affected by social stereotypes

B) Women experience more anxiety than men during important math tests, which affects their performance

C) Emotional areas in the brains of women are more active when taking important math tests compared with men taking the same test

D) More neurons fire in emotional areas of women's brains compared to the brains of men

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74 Psychological researchers have found that, when compared to men, fewer women get the highest-level scores on high-stakes math tests What explains these findings at the mind level of analysis?

B) Women experience more anxiety than men during important math tests, which affects their performance

D) More neurons fire in emotional areas of women's brains compared to the brains of men

75 Psychological researchers have found that, when compared to men, fewer women get the highest-level scores on high-stakes math tests What explains these findings at the brain level of analysis?

B) Women experience more anxiety than men during important math tests which affects their performance

D) Women experience more anxiety than men during important math tests but it does not affect their performance

76 Moving from person to brain would be moving _ in terms of the level of analysis

A) down

B) up

C) clockwise

D) spatially

77 Identifying performance differences resulting from exposure to negative stereotypes before seeking to determine the brain activity that might explain these differences would be moving _ in terms of the level of analysis

A) down

B) up

C) clockwise

D) spatially

78 Identifying changes in brain activity associated with decreased performance on cognitive tasks before seeking to determine performance differences resulting from exposure to negative stereotypes would be moving _ in terms of the level of

analysis

A) down

B) up

C) clockwise

D) spatially

79 Which would be considered moving up a level of analysis in terms of answering psychological questions?

A) moving from brain to mind

B) moving from mind to brain

C) moving from person to brain

D) moving from person to mind

80 Which would be considered moving down a level of analysis in terms of answering psychological questions?

A) moving from brain to person

B) moving from mind to brain

C) moving from brain to mind

D) moving from mind to person

81 Which is an explanation at the level of the person?

A) Performance on intelligence tests is affected by exposure to social stereotypes

B) Gender stereotypes affect levels of anxiety

C) There is less brain activity in problem-solving regions of the brain when people are anxious

D) Gender stereotypes do not affect levels of anxiety

82 Which is an explanation at the level of the brain?

A) Performance on intelligence tests is affected by social stereotypes

B) Gender stereotypes affect levels of anxiety

C) There is less neural activity in problem-solving regions of the brain when people are anxious

D) Performance on intelligence tests is not affected by social stereotypes

83 Self-control is explored in different branches of the field of psychology, at different levels of analysis For example, at the person level:

A) personality psychologists identify individual differences in self-control abilities that are evident early in life and persist into adolescence and adulthood

B) memory researchers find that there is a mental system with “executive” abilities that can control the flow of thoughts and emotions

C) researchers find that interconnected brain regions are active when self-control is exerted

D) scientists find that the neurotransmitter GABA is involved in the process of inhibition

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84 Self-control is explored in different branches of the field of psychology, at different levels of analysis For example, at the mind level:

D) scientists find that the neurotransmitter GABA is involved in the process of inhibition

85 Self-control is explored in different branches of the field of psychology, at different levels of analysis For example, at the brain level:

D) children who experience delayed reinforcement exhibit higher levels of self-control

86 The Buddha proposed that:

A) categories include perception, memory, desire, rational thought, and action

B) only people's belief that they will be happier if they acquire more worldly possessions causes emotional suffering

C) people's belief that they are separate from the world combined with the belief that they can be happier with more worldly possessions causes emotional suffering

D) anger, jealousy, disappointment, and envy cause emotional suffering

87 Which statement would be in line with the beliefs of the Buddha?

A) Categories include perception, memory, desire, rational thought, and action

B) Only people's belief that they will be happier if they acquire more worldly possessions causes emotional suffering

C) People's belief that they are separate from the world combined with the belief that they can be happier with more

worldly possessions causes emotional suffering

D) Anger, jealousy, disappointment, and envy causes emotional suffering

88 Aristotle proposed that:

A) categories include perception, memory, desire, rational thought, and action

B) anger, jealousy, disappointment, and envy cause emotional suffering

C) people think therefore they are

D) people's belief that they are separate from the world combined with the belief that they can be happier with more worldly possessions causes emotional suffering

89 Aristotle believed that, unlike animals, humans have:

A) rational thought

B) desire

C) memory

D) perception

90 Aristotle would say that, unlike a dog, Janice's mom is capable of:

A) rational thought

B) desire

C) remembering

D) perception

91 Aristotle believed that animals lacked

A) rational thought

B) desire

C) a memory

D) perception

92 Aristotle would say that, unlike Mindy, her goldfish lacks:

A) rational thought

B) desire

C) a memory

D) perception

93 Like the Buddha, researchers today study:

A) how concepts are formed

B) how thinking processes create emotional distress

C) the concept of an eternal soul

D) perception

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94 What does a contemporary researcher in psychology have in common with the Buddha?

A) Both speculate on how concepts are formed

B) Both describe how thinking processes create emotional distress

C) Both focus on the concept of an eternal soul

D) Both focus on perception

95 What was the ultimate goal of Buddha's teaching?

A) the pursuit of knowledge for knowledge's sake

B) to deliver people from suffering

C) theoretical curiosity

D) becoming one with the universe

96 The ultimate goal of the teachings of _ was to deliver people from suffering

A) Freud

B) Buddha

C) Aristotle

D) Kant

97 The teachings of the Buddha are similar to what branch of contemporary psychology?

A) biological psychology

B) hypnotism

C) positive psychology

D) cognitive neuroscience

98 _ refers to a biological origin of psychological characteristics

A) Experience

B) Environment

C) Nurture

D) Nature

99 Theresa believes that there is a biological origin to psychological characteristics Theresa favors:

A) experience

B) environment

C) nurture

D) nature

100 _ refers to the development of abilities through experiences in the world

A) Biology

B) Genetics

C) Nurture

D) Nature

101 Gary is assisting on a project to better understand how children learn observationally Research such as the project Gary is assisting with is trying to answer _-related questions

A) biology

B) genetics

C) nurture

D) nature

102 Which belief did Locke and Aristotle share?

A) The mind is a blank slate

B) All knowledge is innate

C) Giving up material possessions is the path to happiness

D) Memory involves the brain

103 Similar to Locke and Aristotle, many behaviorists argued that:

A) the mind is a blank slate

B) all knowledge is innate

C) giving up material possessions is the path to happiness

D) memory involves the brain

104 In terms of the nature versus nurture debate, _ favored the nature side of the debate in insisting that ideas such as space, time, and causality are innate

A) Skinner

B) Kant

C) Locke

D) James

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