Test bank for psychology 1st australian edition by passer

APA Outcome: 1.2Blooms: Knowledge Book: PasserDifficulty: EasyEst Time: 2 minsTopic: Science of Psychology 2.. APA Outcome: 3.2Blooms: Comprehension Book: PasserDifficulty: HardEst Time:

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1 According to the text, psychology is defined as the:

study of people's subjective mental lives

examination of unconscious factors

study of personality

Multiple Choice Question

Question 01 According to the text, psychology is defined

APA Outcome: 1.2Blooms: Knowledge

Book: PasserDifficulty: EasyEst Time: 2 minsTopic: Science of Psychology

2 Which of the following examples is most consistent with your textbook authors' definition of the term behaviour?

→ A developmental psychologist counts the number of times a child verbally taunts another student on the playground to measure aggression.

A cognitive psychologist uses a reaction time experiment to assess prejudicial beliefs

A biological psychologist watches the activity of a particular brain area in order to infer an animal's emotional state

A clinical psychologist asks a client to describe how she thinks when she gets depressed

Question 02 Which of the following examples is most

APA Outcome: 3.2Blooms: Comprehension

Book: PasserDifficulty: HardEst Time: 2 minsTopic: Science of Psychology

3 The field of psychology is concerned with the scientific study of:

directly observable behaviours but not internal states and processes

internal states and processes but not directly observable behaviours

personality and abnormal behaviour

Question 03 The field of psychology is concerned with

4 Compared to other ways of trying to understand the world, critical thinking is unique in that it emphasises:

learning how to personally conduct actual research experiments

relying on experts to tell us what is accurate and true

understanding the meaning of particular statistics

Question 04 Compared to other ways of trying to

Book: PasserDifficulty: MediumEst Time: 2 minsTopic: Science of Psychology

5 During dinner one evening, Arial mentions that she just read in a popular magazine that a particular herbal substance

improves memory She's very excited about trying this supplement in hopes that it might improve her grades Sitting across the table from her, Juan is sceptical He begins to ask her about such things as the nature of the evidence regarding the herb's effectiveness and how big the memory improvement effect is supposed to be Juan's behaviour is most

consistent with which of the following concepts discussed in the text?

Gestalt psychologyfunctionalismBritish empiricism

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Question 05 During dinner one evening, Arial mentions

6 All of the following were specifically mentioned as questions to consider asking when engaged in critical thinking about a

claim, EXCEPT:

are there other possible explanations?

what is the evidence?

what is the most reasonable conclusion?

Question 06 All of the following were specifically

7 Which of the following statements about basic and applied research is TRUE?

Basic research is usually less complex and less sophisticated than applied research

→ Basic research is conducted simply to increase knowledge, whereas applied research is conducted to solve practical problems.

Basic research is conducted to solve practical problems, whereas applied research is conducted simply to increase knowledge

Despite their different names, basic research and applied research have the exact same primary goals

Question 07 Which of the following statements about

8 Dr Adams is a psychologist who works in the area of animal behaviour She has a particular interest in crows and her

research is primarily aimed at gaining more information about the behaviours of these birds, such as their mating habits,

eating rituals and so on Dr Adams's research is best categorised as:

applied research

insight research

interaction research

Question 08 Dr Adams is a psychologist who works in the

APA Outcome: 4.4Blooms: AppliedBook: PasserDifficulty: MediumEst Time: 2 minsTopic: Science of Psychology

9 Dr Kohler is a developmental psychologist who is concerned with some problems in the area of youth sport, such as overly

critical coaches and children with poor self-esteem He conducts research in which coaches are observed during games and

children are interviewed about their attitudes toward their sport and their coaches The results from these observations are

then used to create an education program designed to change coaching behaviour and to help increase the self-esteem of

the children they coach Dr Kohler's research is best characterised as:

basic research

dualistic research

functional research

Question 09 Dr Kohler is a developmental psychologist

APA Outcome: 4.4Blooms: AppliedBook: PasserDifficulty: HardEst Time: 2 minsTopic: Science of Psychology

10 Which of the following activities best represents basic research?

studying methods for reducing depression after the death of a loved one

studying how to help AIDS victims effectively cope with their diseasestudying the effects of a reading program designed to assist disadvantaged children

Question 10 Which of the following activities best

APA Outcome: 4.4Blooms: AppliedBook: PasserDifficulty: Easy

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Est Time: 2 minsTopic: Science of Psychology

11 Kruger et al.'s (2005) research on the first instinct fallacy is considered to be an example of which type of research?

applied insight interaction

Question 11 Kruger et al.'s (2005) research on the first

12 You are at a party and have just made a new acquaintance As you talk to this person, you find that you continue talking to

her just because you find her interesting and want to learn more about her Your motivation is most similar to the primary

Question 12 You are at a party and have just made a new

13 The results from Kruger et al.'s (2005) research on the first instinct fallacy nicely illustrate that:

a good understanding of empiricism is essential for research to achieve its intended goals

carefully structured competition can decrease intergroup hostility and prejudice

basic research and applied research are strictly separate entities that have little or no impact on each other

Question 13 The results from Kruger

14 Which of the following goals of psychology takes the form of hypotheses and theories that specify causes for behaviour?

description

controlapplication

Question 14 Which of the following goals of psychology

15 The four central goals of psychology are:

description, understanding, reduction, influence

rationalise, understanding, prediction, application

simplify, analyse, influence, rationalise

Question 15 The four central goals of psychology are:

16 Which of the following was NOT mentioned as a central goal of psychology?

to describe

to explain

to apply

Question 16 Which of the following was NOT mentioned as

Book: Passer

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Difficulty: EasyEst Time: 2 minsTopic: Science of Psychology

17 Which of the following examples best illustrates the goal of careful application of psychological knowledge to improve

human welfare?

a psychologist who theorises about the possible variables which cause anxiety disorders

a psychologist who observes which areas of the brain are active when someone experiences anxiety

a psychologist who studies which environmental factors are associated with anxiety disorders

Question 17 Which of the following examples best

18 Dr Forman is a school psychologist who has been asked to observe a disruptive student After her observation, she writes,

‘Bobby appeared to have a great deal of difficulty attending to the lessons being taught He had particular difficulty with

the math lesson, and began distracting the students who were sitting next to him by pinching and hitting them' Dr

Forman's observations are most consistent with which goal of psychology?

applicationpredictioninfluence

Question 18 Dr Forman is a school psychologist who has

19 Dr Katz has a theory that a new type of drug will help alleviate depression He must design a study wherein half the people

receive the experimental drug and the other half receives a sugar pill Dr Katz giving half the people a sugar pill to see if

the effects on depression are different from the experimental group is most similar to which goal of psychology?

description

predictioninfluence

Question 19 Dr Katz has a theory that a new type of drug

20 Al is upset because he has just been fired from his job He spends a lot of time thinking about the possible factors that

might have caused this bad outcome After contemplating this issue for a while, he comes to believe that it was most likely

his frequent lateness and occasional angry outbursts that contributed to his dismissal Al's thoughts about his firing are

most similar to which of the following goals of psychology?

descriptionprediction

influence

Question 20 Al is upset because he has just been fired

21 Which of the following psychologists study and treat mental disorders?

cognitive psychologists

biological psychologistdevelopmental psychologist

Question 21 Which of the following psychologists study

22 Dr David is interested in examining how brain cells influence behaviour Which of the following types of psychologist is

Dr David?

Test Bank for Psychology 1st Australian Edition by Passer Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-Psychology-1st-Australian-Edition-by-Passer

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cognitive psychologistdevelopmental psychologistclinical psychologist

Question 22 Dr David is interested in examining how

23 Dr Modoc is interested in how people make decisions in everyday life What kind of psychologist is Dr Modoc?

clinical psychologist

biological psychologistdevelopmental psychologist

Question 23 Dr Modoc is interested in how people make

24 Dr McClure is interested in how people behave in groups Which kind of psychologist is Dr McClure?

personality psychologistexperimental psychologist

cognitive psychologist

Question 24 Dr McClure is interested in how people

25 Dr Lindberg is interested in examining auditory components of music perception Which kind of psychologist is Dr

Lindberg?

developmental psychologistindustrial/organisational psychologistsocial psychologist

Question 25 Dr Lindberg is interested in examining

26 The levels-of-analysis approach considers the _, _ and _ perspectives when explaining a

behaviour

pre-event; event; post-eventantecedent; behavioural; consequential

developmental; biological; humanistic

Question 26 The levels-of-analysis approach considers

27 When considering the mind-body puzzle, ancient philosophers who argued that the mind is NOT separate from the body

would belong to which philosophical position?

dualism

structuralismfunctionalism

Question 27 When considering the mind-body puzzle,

Book: PasserDifficulty: Easy

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28 When considering the mind-body puzzle, some philosophers argue that the mind is a separate entity from the body and is

not subject to the same physical laws as the body These individuals would belong to which philosophical position?

monism structuralism

functionalism

Question 28 When considering the mind-body puzzle, some

29 One important implication of the dualism position is that it implies that:

studying the body will enable us to learn more about the mind

the mind should be studied by examining the functions it is capable of

the mind should be studied by examining its basic structural components

Question 29 One important implication of the dualism

30 The statement, ‘… answers to the great questions of psychology will ultimately be found in ‘physiology' … All

behaviour, all experience, all feeling, indeed all the subject matter of psychology, are nothing more than the outcomes of

the activity of the nervous system', is most consistent with which of the following views?

dualism

functionalism structuralism

Question 30 The statement,

31 One of the critical implications of the monism position on the mind-body question is that it assumes:

the mind is a completely separate entity from the body

we should base our knowledge on empiricism

we should study the mind and brain by focusing on their various functions

Question 31 One of the critical implications of the

32 Dr Dinh is examining the differences in brain activity that occur when people are happy or sad in an attempt to gain a

better understanding of how the mind works In terms of the mind-body problem, which of the following statements about

Dr Dinh is MOST likely to be true?

Dr Dinh is most likely a dualist

Dr Dinh is equally likely to be either a monist or a dualist given the work that she is doing

Dr Dinh is not likely to be a monist or a dualist since neither of these terms has relevance to her work

Question 32 Dr Dinh is examining the differences in

33 John Locke is associated with which philosophical perspective?

functionalismstructuralism

dualism

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Question 33 John Locke is associated with which

34 The school of British empiricism is least compatible with which of the following disciplines?

chemistrybiologypsychology

Question 34 The school of British empiricism is least

35 British empiricism made the specific claim that our knowledge and understanding should be based upon:

intuition

basic research

reason

Question 35 British empiricism made the specific claim

36 Imagine that you are curious about how people perceive colour and how well they can detect small changes in colour You

design a slide show in which you slowly manipulate the colour of the light people see (by slowly changing the light's

frequency) and you ask them if they can detect the change Your efforts are most similar to the work of people in which of

the following fields?

evolutionary psychology

behaviour geneticsbehavioural neuroscience

Question 36 Imagine that you are curious about how people

37 All the following were mentioned as playing important roles in contributing to the intellectual roots of psychology,

Question 37 All the following were mentioned as playing

38 The claim that human behaviour can be better understood by studying the behaviour of other animal species is most

relevant to which of the following?

British empiricismstructuralism

Gestalt psychology

Question 38 The claim that human behaviour can be better

39 The approach known as _ attempted to analyse the mind in terms of its basic elements

functionalism

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→ structuralism

Gestalt psychologyinsight psychology

Question 39 The approach known as _ attempted

40 Who founded the first laboratory of experimental psychology in 1879?

William JamesEdward Titchener

Wolfgang Köhler

Question 40 Who founded the first laboratory of experimental

41 Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener both believed that the mind could be studied by breaking it down into its essential

components Wundt's and Titchener's approach was known as:

insight psychology

functionalism

Gestalt psychology

Question 41 Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener both

42 Which of the following individuals is a representative of the early school of psychology known as structuralism?

Charles DarwinJohn LockeWilliam James

Question 42 Which of the following individuals is a

43 William James was a proponent of the approach to psychology known as:

structuralism

dualism

the sociocultural perspective

Question 43 William James was a proponent of the approach

44 For some strange reason, noses have always fascinated George He spends hours a day speculating on just why humans

have noses and how noses have helped us to adapt and evolve in our environments George's speculations are most similar

to which of the following schools of psychology?

behaviourismsocial constructivismstructuralism

Question 44 For some strange reason, noses have always

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45 Researchers who adhered to the structuralism school of psychological thought typically studied sensations through which

method?

insightdream analysis

monitoring brain activity

Question 45 Researchers who adhered to the structuralism

46 Individuals aligned with the approach used the method known as introspection in order to study

_

functionalism; the functions of consciousness

Gestalt psychology; how experiences are organised into wholesevolutionary psychology; natural selection

Question 46 Individuals aligned with the

47 Which of the following statements regarding introspection is most accurate?

The technique of introspection played an important role in the creation of psychology and continues to be an important method for studying the mind and consciousness

The founders of British empiricism developed the technique of introspection and they strongly advocated using it instead of reason to establish knowledge

→ Although the technique of introspection is no longer in use today, it contributed significantly to the creation of psychology by establishing a methodology for the study of the mind.

Gestalt psychologists discovered the technique of introspection by accident, yet they found it very useful in studying how experience is organised into wholes

Question 47 Which of the following statements regarding

48 Which psychological perspective stresses the role of unconscious processes and unresolved conflicts from the past?

behaviouralcognitive

sociocultural

Question 48 Which psychological perspective stresses the

49 The psychodynamic perspective emphasises all of the following causal factors, EXCEPT:

unconscious processes

unresolved conflicts

early childhood experience

Question 49 The psychodynamic perspective emphasises all

50 Sigmund Freud based much of his psychoanalytic theory on his investigation of people suffering from:

feelings of persistent depression, sadness and loneliness

insanity and madness

multiple personalities

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Question 50 Sigmund Freud based much of his psychoanalytic

51 What technique did Sigmund Freud use to treat his patients?

graded exposureintrospectionflooding

Question 51 What technique did Sigmund Freud use to

52 Despite its emphasis on unconscious factors, the psychodynamic perspective is similar to the behavioural perspective in

that they both acknowledge the importance of in determining human behaviour

thoughtsbiology and genetics

free will and personal choice

Question 52 Despite its emphasis on unconscious factors,

53 What common childhood factor was consistently reported by Sigmund Freud's patients?

They reported struggling with elementary school

They reported suffering from childhood anxiety and depression

They reported that their mothers were mentally ill

Question 53 What common childhood factor was consistently

54 Bettina is very angry with her professor about the recent bad grade she received However, Bettina is very uncomfortable

with anger, so much so that she is completely oblivious to her feelings of resentment and has no idea that she actually feels

this way This example best illustrates which of the following?

free associationmind-body dualismcollectivism

Question 54 Bettina is very angry with her professor about

55 The psychological defence mechanism called is thought to protect people from anxiety by keeping

anxiety-producing thoughts, feelings, memories and impulses in the unconscious

psychoanalysisfree associationinsight

Question 55 The psychological defence mechanism called

56 Sigmund Freud would be most likely to endorse which of the following statements?

Our behaviour is largely the product of the reinforcement and punishment we receive from our environment

Our behaviour is largely the product of neurological imbalances that are inherent in the average human body

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→ Our behaviour is largely the result of the continuous conflict between internal impulses and defences.

Our behaviour is largely the result of genetics

Question 56 Sigmund Freud would be most likely to endorse

57 Which of the following would be a major criticism of Sigmund Freud's theory of psychoanalysis?

It did little to stimulate additional psychological research

It did little to stimulate the development of new psychological theories

It was not comprehensive enough

Question 57 Which of the following would be a major

58 Which of the following is one aspect of Freud's theory that has been empirically supported?

Scientists have found a neural correlate for repression

Scientists have proven that the unconscious is the root of all our problems and desires

Scientists have shown that the psychosexual theories of Freud are true

Question 58 Which of the following is one aspect of

59 Steve is having problems with unwanted feelings of anger and frustration at work He consults with a psychologist who

asks Steve many detailed questions about his early childhood and interprets Steve's problems as being a result of conflicts

between his unconscious aggressive urges and his defence mechanisms Steve's therapist would most likely identify with

which psychological perspective?

behaviouralcognitive

sociocultural

Question 59 Steve is having problems with unwanted

60 Modern psychodynamic theory differs from Freud's traditional psychoanalytic theory in that the modern approach:

places more emphasis on childhood sexuality

is more likely to use hypnosis instead of free association in order to get at unconscious material

rejects the notion of the unconscious altogether

Question 60 Modern psychodynamic theory differs

61 Dr Nguyen is treating a female psychotherapy client who is experiencing strong feelings of loneliness and depression Dr

Nguyen suspects that his client's symptoms are the product of damaging early relationships in her family Because the

client is influenced unconsciously by these relationships and currently doesn't realise how they are contributing to her

current problems, therapy will attempt to explore these relationships and make the client aware of how they affect her

Which of the following would best describe the theoretical orientation of Dr Nguyen?

cognitive-behaviouralbehavioural

traditional psychoanalytic

Question 61 Dr Nguyen is treating a female psychotherapy

APA Outcome: 4.4Blooms: AppliedBook: PasserDifficulty: Hard

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62 The _ psychological perspective strongly emphasises the role of the external environment in influencing

and affecting our actions

humanisticcognitivebiological

Question 62 The _ psychological perspective

63 According to the _ psychological perspective, the factors that control behaviour are in the external

environment, not within the person

cognitivebiological

humanistic

Question 63 According to the _ psychological

64 The behavioural psychological perspective owes its roots to which philosophical perspective?

Gestalt psychologyfunctionalismdualism

Question 64 The behavioural psychological perspective

65 The notion of ‘tabula rasa' is most consistent with which of the following statements?

Biology and genetics determine most of our behaviour

Unconscious forces determine most of our behaviour

Our innate drive to self-actualise determines most of our behaviour

Question 65 The notion of

66 A psychologist is being interviewed on a local news program regarding the recent problems with school violence The

psychologist proposes that we need to significantly change the environments in which our children are being raised by

more heavily reinforcing the behaviours we would like to see in our kids This psychologist is most likely associated with

which psychological perspective?

humanisticpsychodynamiccognitive

Question 66 A psychologist is being interviewed on a

67 A psychologist who argues that the proper focus of psychology is NOT inner mental events but observable behaviour is

most likely associated with which psychological perspective?

cognitivebiological

sociocultural

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Question 67 A psychologist who argues that the proper

68 A researcher who is interested in discovering the common principles that govern human and animal learning is most likely

associated with which psychological perspective?

humanisticcognitivepsychodynamic

Question 68 A researcher who is interested in discovering

69 The statement, ‘a person does not act upon the world, the world acts upon the person', would most likely have been said

Question 69 The statement

70 _ is generally considered to have been the leader or originator of behaviourism

Carl Rogers

BF Skinner

William James

Question 70 _ is generally considered to

71 All of the following individuals have a strong connection with the behavioural perspective, EXCEPT:

Edward Thorndike

Ivan Pavlov

John B Watson

Question 71 All of the following individuals have a

72 Although all of them have ties to the perspective, which of the following individuals was considered to be one of the

leading figures in modern or contemporary behaviourism?

John Locke

John B WatsonEdward Titchener

Question 72 Although all of them have ties to the

73 Physiologist Ivan Pavlov:

worked with a few human infants and attempted to create phobias in them by applying behavioural principles

worked mostly with cats and observed how long it took them to get out of specially prepared boxes

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→ worked with dogs and observed how they learned to salivate in response to a tone.

worked mostly with rats and pigeons and observed how rewards and punishments influence behaviour

Question 73 Physiologist Ivan Pavlov:

74 BF Skinner is most closely associated with which of the following behavioural concepts?

British empiricismthe law of effecttabula rasa

Question 74 BF Skinner is most closely associated with

75 Juan really loves the cookies his mother makes He remembers how, as a kid on Saturday afternoons, he would often start

to salivate the moment he heard the oven timer go off, indicating that the cookies were done baking Juan's reflexive

response would be most easily explained by the work of which of the following individuals?

John B Watson

Carl RogersAbraham Maslow

Question 75 Juan really loves the cookies his mother

76 According to the text, who made the rather bold claim that he could take any human infant at birth and make that infant

into any kind of person that he might want?

Carl Rogers

BF SkinnerEdward Thorndike

Question 76 According to the text, who made the rather

77 Imagine two students who both get a D on an important exam in a psychology class One of them decides to study much

harder and on the next test she gets a significantly better grade The other student concludes that he just isn't smart enough

to do well in this class and, not surprisingly, he gets another D on the next exam Even though both students were exposed

to the same occurrence (both got a D on the first exam), their subsequent behaviours were very different as a result of their

different thoughts and expectations This example best illustrates the approach of which of the following?

behaviourism

evolutionary psychology Gestalt psychology

Question 77 Imagine two students who both get a D on an

78 Which of the following statements comparing the behavioural and psychodynamic perspectives is most accurate?

Although they are rather different on the surface, the perspectives are similar in that they both place a strong emphasis on free will and personal choice

The behavioural approach emphasises free will and personal choice, whereas the psychodynamic approach does not

The behavioural approach emphasises internal causes, whereas the psychodynamic approach places more emphasis on external causes

→ The behavioural approach emphasises external causes, whereas the psychodynamic approach places more emphasis on internal causes.

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Question 78 Which of the following statements comparing

79 A psychologist who acknowledges the importance of both the environment and internal thoughts in determining human

behaviour would mostly likely be associated with which perspective on psychology?

behaviouralsocioculturalevolutionary

Question 79 A psychologist who acknowledges the

80 The _ perspective arose from philosophical schools that emphasised free will, innate tendencies toward

growth and the attempt to find meaning in personal existence

socioculturalbehavioural

cognitive

Question 80 The _ perspective arose from

81 Humanistic theorists assume that everyone has an innate tendency toward growth, and achieving one's individual potential

Question 81 Humanistic theorists assume that everyone

82 Jerry is working with a psychologist who pays a great deal of attention to how he finds personal meaning in his life The

psychologist also focuses on the power of choice and free will This psychologist most likely adheres to which

psychological perspective?

behaviouralpsychodynamic

biological

Question 82 Jerry is working with a psychologist who

APA Outcome: 4.4Blooms: AppliedBook: PasserDifficulty: EasyEst Time: 2 minsTopic: Science of Psychology

83 The psychodynamic and humanistic perspectives are similar in that both:

emphasise the importance of biological and genetic factors

owe their philosophical roots to British empiricism

focus exclusively on the impact of culture and society on the individual

Question 83 The psychodynamic and humanistic perspective

84 Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers were both associated with which psychological perspective?

psychodynamic

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biological

Question 84 Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers were both

85 According to humanistic theorists, why isn't everyone self-actualised?

Although self-actualisation is a universal human tendency, some people possess less of this tendency than others

This tendency does not operate properly if a person still has unresolved sexual and aggressive issues in his or her unconscious

In individualistic cultures, this tendency receives little emphasis

Question 85 According to humanistic theorists,

86 The recent ‘positive psychology movement' is most closely associated with which of the following?

cognitive behaviourism behaviourism

the sociocultural approach

Question 86 The recent ‘positive psychology movement' is

87 In the 1940s and 1950s, was a pioneer in the scientific study of psychotherapy

Abraham MaslowSigmund FreudWölfgang Kohler

Question 87 In the 1940s and 1950s, was

88 Dr Gonzalez is a clinical psychologist who has been working with Mitch Mitch recently lost the use of both of his legs in

a car crash and understandably has been feeling rather angry and depressed since the accident Although he empathises

with Mitch's current emotions, Dr Gonzalez also stresses that Mitch has a choice in terms of how he interprets his current

situation and that he has personal responsibility for changing his feelings and creating a better life Dr Gonzalez is most

likely aligned with which of the following perspectives?

psychodynamic

socioculturalbehavioural

Question 88 Dr Gonzalez is a clinical psychologist who

89 A psychologist who assumes that people's thought processes function almost like detailed computer programs would most

likely be associated with which psychological perspective?

psychodynamic biological behavioural

Question 89 A psychologist who assumes that people's thought

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