Test bank for introduction to physical education fitness and sport 8th edition by siedentop

National Coalition for Promoting Physical Activity 2002 In 2001, David Satcher, Surgeon General of the United States, reported that levels of obesity among Americans had reached epidemic

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Short Answer Questions - (61)

1 Young children learn about their world chiefly by:

listening to adults

→ physically exploring their surroundings

seeing and smelling objects

cognitively memorizing important information

Multiple Choice Question

2 Someday, historians will describe the current era as a watershed period characterized by the emergence of the possibility for:

→ lifespan physical activity in sport, fitness, and Physical Education

improved dietary habits and exercise

gender equity and participation in sport

increased opportunities for athletes and individuals with disabilities

Multiple Choice Question

3 Historically, sport, fitness, and Physical Education have been ignored by which of the following?

older childrenyoung adultsyouths

→ senior citizensMultiple Choice Question

4 The most popular recreational sport for men and woman is:

soccer

→ softball

Swimming

basketball

Multiple Choice Question

5 Master's athletics typically begins at age:

→ 35 or 40

45 or 50

55 or 60above 60Multiple Choice Question

6 A sedentary lifestyle among older people is estimated to account for a decrease in all of the following except?

muscular strength

→ health related illness

flexibility

aerobic functioning

Multiple Choice Question

7 In 2002, the fifth World Masters Games attracted more than 20,000 athletes in what sport to Melbourne, Australia:

Softball

Basketball

Multipole sports

→ Track & Field

Multiple Choice Question

8 Which of the following isnot an emerging characteristic of lifespan physical activity?

breakdown of gender stereotypes

→ shift to the public sectorincreased use of technologyincreasingly strong scientific baseMultiple Choice Question

9 Which factor is considered a significant limitation for opportunities in sport, fitness, and Physical Education?

→ socioeconomic statusgender

athletic abilityage

Test Bank for Introduction to Physical Education Fitness and Sport 8th Edition by Siedento Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/

Multiple Choice Question

10 Historically, sport, fitness, and Physical Education have been limited primarily to older children and young adults

FalseTrue / False Question

11 Physical movement is the basic language during the early-childhood years from Birth-age 7

FalseTrue / False Question

12 Most research indicates that unfit children most often will reach desirable fitness levels as adults

True

→ False

True / False Question

13 Most elementary school children have physical-education classes taught by a Physical Education specialist

True

→ False

True / False Question

14 Many states have passed regulations that allow school districts to hire non-certified persons to coach sport teams

FalseTrue / False Question

15 Lifespan fitness should begin in early childhood so that a solid foundation of motor skill development can be built

FalseTrue / False Question

16 Physical Education has traditionally reinforced the notion that there are girls' activities and boys' activities

FalseTrue / False Question

17 It is predicted the public sector will expand and continue to be the primary source of jobs in the areas of sport, fitness, and Physical Education

True

→ False

True / False Question

18 Many new professions have developed as a result of the fitness boom, all of which require preparation of the same nature

as that of a Physical Education teacher

True

→ False

True / False Question

19 Although life expectancy has not increased, the quality of those years has been enhanced by participation in physical

activitiy

True

→ False

True / False Question

20 The Dilemma of Our Times: Lifespan Physical Activity and the Obesity Health Crisis

The NCPPA mission is to unite the strengths of public, private, and industry efforts into collaborative partnerships that inspire and empower all Americans to lead more physically active lifestyles The reality is that there is an unprecedented synergy building around the issue of physical activity as it pertains to lifestyle behavior patterns and accessible

environments that promote physically active lifestyles.

National Coalition for Promoting Physical Activity (2002)

In 2001, David Satcher, Surgeon General of the United States, reported that levels of obesity among Americans had

reached epidemic proportions (U.S Department of Health and Human Services, 2001) Over the next decade, the

overweight/obesity numbers increased

More than two-thirds of all adults and one-third of all children in the United States are now overweight, with nearly 30%

of adults and 16% of children obese (Trust for America's Health, 2010) Approximately 80% of overweight adolescents will become overweight adults ((Herman, et al., 2009)) The most common method of estimating overweight and obesity

is the use of body mass index (BMI) measurement (see Focus on Box 1.1 for BMI measurement details) While all

developed nations have experienced increases in overweight and obesity across the last decade, none has had the amount

of increase seen in the United States The Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development estimates that by

2020, the percentage of overweight in the United States could reach 72% (OECD, 2010)

Briefly describe the trends in overweight and obesity among the various population groups in the USA over the past 25 years

Test Bank for Introduction to Physical Education Fitness and Sport 8th Edition by Siedento Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/

Answers will vary

Short Answer Question

21 The Dilemma of Our Times: Lifespan Physical Activity and the Obesity Health Crisis

The NCPPA mission is to unite the strengths of public, private, and industry efforts into collaborative partnerships that inspire and empower all Americans to lead more physically active lifestyles The reality is that there is an unprecedented synergy building around the issue of physical activity as it pertains to lifestyle behavior patterns and accessible

environments that promote physically active lifestyles.

National Coalition for Promoting Physical Activity (2002)

In 2001, David Satcher, Surgeon General of the United States, reported that levels of obesity among Americans had

reached epidemic proportions (U.S Department of Health and Human Services, 2001) Over the next decade, the

overweight/obesity numbers increased

More than two-thirds of all adults and one-third of all children in the United States are now overweight, with nearly 30%

of adults and 16% of children obese (Trust for America's Health, 2010) Approximately 80% of overweight adolescents will become overweight adults ((Herman, et al., 2009)) The most common method of estimating overweight and obesity

is the use of body mass index (BMI) measurement (see Focus on Box 1.1 for BMI measurement details) While all

developed nations have experienced increases in overweight and obesity across the last decade, none has had the amount

of increase seen in the United States The Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development estimates that by

2020, the percentage of overweight in the United States could reach 72% (OECD, 2010)

What is the prediction for 2020 relative to the percent of overweight people in the US?

Explanation:

Answers will vary

Short Answer Question

22 The Dilemma of Our Times: Lifespan Physical Activity and the Obesity Health Crisis

The NCPPA mission is to unite the strengths of public, private, and industry efforts into collaborative partnerships that inspire and empower all Americans to lead more physically active lifestyles The reality is that there is an unprecedented synergy building around the issue of physical activity as it pertains to lifestyle behavior patterns and accessible

environments that promote physically active lifestyles.

National Coalition for Promoting Physical Activity (2002)

In 2001, David Satcher, Surgeon General of the United States, reported that levels of obesity among Americans had

reached epidemic proportions (U.S Department of Health and Human Services, 2001) Over the next decade, the

overweight/obesity numbers increased

Approximately 30,000 adult deaths in the United States each year are attributable to unhealthy dietary habits and physical inactivity or sedentary behavior (www.overweightteen.com) Overweight and obesity stem from the imbalance created when energy intake exceeds energy expenditure (Levi, Segal, & Juliano (2006) This imbalance develops over time when caloric intake through eating/drinking exceeds energy expenditure through physical activity Children and youth consume more energy dense foods and are less physically active than they were 25 years ago In food consumption, the primary factors are higher caloric intake, more dietary fat, higher caloric density of foods, and larger portions These factors are related to less in-home cooking, greater reliance on take-out food, more fast-food meals, and over reliance on soft drinks, sport drinks, and fruit drinks that are high in calories and sugars

How do the authors describe the changes in food consumption relative to the energy imbalance?

Explanation:

Answers will vary

Short Answer Question

23 The Dilemma of Our Times: Lifespan Physical Activity and the Obesity Health Crisis

The NCPPA mission is to unite the strengths of public, private, and industry efforts into collaborative partnerships that inspire and empower all Americans to lead more physically active lifestyles The reality is that there is an unprecedented synergy building around the issue of physical activity as it pertains to lifestyle behavior patterns and accessible

environments that promote physically active lifestyles.

National Coalition for Promoting Physical Activity (2002)

In 2001, David Satcher, Surgeon General of the United States, reported that levels of obesity among Americans had

reached epidemic proportions (U.S Department of Health and Human Services, 2001) Over the next decade, the

overweight/obesity numbers increased

Reductions in energy expenditure through physical activity are the result of multiple factors, one of which is typically

referred to as the built environment Factors such as commuting time, communities designed to foster driving rather than

walking/cycling, and lack of public transport reduce physical activity Children and youth spend increased amounts of time engaged in the electronic culture, playing video games, watching TV, and connecting to the Internet Lack of indoor

Test Bank for Introduction to Physical Education Fitness and Sport 8th Edition by Siedento Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/

and outdoor neighborhood play spaces and programs limit physical activity and in urban communities it is often unsafe for children and youth to be active outdoors in after-school and weekend hours.

Give XXXX examples of how the built environment contributes to increased sedentary behavior of adolescents

Explanation:

Answers will vary

Short Answer Question

24 The Dilemma of Our Times: Lifespan Physical Activity and the Obesity Health Crisis

The NCPPA mission is to unite the strengths of public, private, and industry efforts into collaborative partnerships that inspire and empower all Americans to lead more physically active lifestyles The reality is that there is an unprecedented synergy building around the issue of physical activity as it pertains to lifestyle behavior patterns and accessible

environments that promote physically active lifestyles.

National Coalition for Promoting Physical Activity (2002)

In 2001, David Satcher, Surgeon General of the United States, reported that levels of obesity among Americans had

reached epidemic proportions (U.S Department of Health and Human Services, 2001) Over the next decade, the

overweight/obesity numbers increased

Reductions in energy expenditure through physical activity are the result of multiple factors, one of which is typically

referred to as the built environment Factors such as commuting time, communities designed to foster driving rather than

walking/cycling, and lack of public transport reduce physical activity Children and youth spend increased amounts of time engaged in the electronic culture, playing video games, watching TV, and connecting to the Internet Lack of indoor and outdoor neighborhood play spaces and programs limit physical activity and in urban communities it is often unsafe for children and youth to be active outdoors in after-school and weekend hours

How does the built environment affect people's food consumption?

Explanation:

Answers will vary

Short Answer Question

25 The Dilemma of Our Times: Lifespan Physical Activity and the Obesity Health Crisis

The NCPPA mission is to unite the strengths of public, private, and industry efforts into collaborative partnerships that inspire and empower all Americans to lead more physically active lifestyles The reality is that there is an unprecedented synergy building around the issue of physical activity as it pertains to lifestyle behavior patterns and accessible

environments that promote physically active lifestyles National Coalition for Promoting Physical Activity (2002)

In 2001, David Satcher, Surgeon General of the United States, reported that levels of obesity among Americans had

reached epidemic proportions (U.S Department of Health and Human Services, 2001) Over the next decade, the

overweight/obesity numbers increased

The prevalence of overweight and obesity is not distributed evenly across the US population Higher obesity rates have been linked to regional, economic, and social factors (Trust for America's Health, 2010) Among families living below the federal poverty level 44.8% of children are overweight or obese, while 22.8% of children of families with incomes above 400% of the federal poverty level are overweight or obese Except for Michigan, ten of the highest adult obesity rates are

in southern states while 9 of the 10 states with the highest childhood obesity rates are in the South It should also be noted that 9 of the 10 states in the South also have the highest rates of poverty in the USA Adult obesity rates among African-Americans are at 30 percent or above in 43 states, compared with 19 states for Latinos and only 1 state for Whites,

reflecting the disparities among minorities that exist in income, education, and limited access to health care The CDC's

2009 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance report showed that Blacks were 51% more likely and Hispanics 21% more

likely than Whites to be obese Children and youths from families living in poverty are more likely to be overweight or obese and children and youths with disabilities are at greater risk for becoming overweight than nondisabled peers (Meich

et al., 2006)

Give one example of how obesity/overweight levels are not evenly distributed

Explanation:

Answers will vary

Short Answer Question

26 The Dilemma of Our Times: Lifespan Physical Activity and the Obesity Health Crisis

The NCPPA mission is to unite the strengths of public, private, and industry efforts into collaborative partnerships that inspire and empower all Americans to lead more physically active lifestyles The reality is that there is an unprecedented synergy building around the issue of physical activity as it pertains to lifestyle behavior patterns and accessible

environments that promote physically active lifestyles National Coalition for Promoting Physical Activity (2002)

In 2001, David Satcher, Surgeon General of the United States, reported that levels of obesity among Americans had

reached epidemic proportions (U.S Department of Health and Human Services, 2001) Over the next decade, the

Test Bank for Introduction to Physical Education Fitness and Sport 8th Edition by Siedento Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/

overweight/obesity numbers increased.

The prevalence of overweight and obesity is not distributed evenly across the US population Higher obesity rates have been linked to regional, economic, and social factors (Trust for America's Health, 2010) Among families living below the federal poverty level 44.8% of children are overweight or obese, while 22.8% of children of families with incomes above 400% of the federal poverty level are overweight or obese Except for Michigan, ten of the highest adult obesity rates are

in southern states while 9 of the 10 states with the highest childhood obesity rates are in the South It should also be noted that 9 of the 10 states in the South also have the highest rates of poverty in the USA Adult obesity rates among African-Americans are at 30 percent or above in 43 states, compared with 19 states for Latinos and only 1 state for Whites,

reflecting the disparities among minorities that exist in income, education, and limited access to health care The CDC's

2009 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance report showed that Blacks were 51% more likely and Hispanics 21% more

likely than Whites to be obese Children and youths from families living in poverty are more likely to be overweight or obese and children and youths with disabilities are at greater risk for becoming overweight than nondisabled peers (Meich

et al., 2006)

Which groups of children and teens are at a higher risk to be overweight or obese?

Explanation:

Answers will vary

Short Answer Question

27 The Dilemma of Our Times: Lifespan Physical Activity and the Obesity Health Crisis

The NCPPA mission is to unite the strengths of public, private, and industry efforts into collaborative partnerships that inspire and empower all Americans to lead more physically active lifestyles The reality is that there is an unprecedented synergy building around the issue of physical activity as it pertains to lifestyle behavior patterns and accessible

environments that promote physically active lifestyles National Coalition for Promoting Physical Activity (2002)

In 2001, David Satcher, Surgeon General of the United States, reported that levels of obesity among Americans had

reached epidemic proportions (U.S Department of Health and Human Services, 2001) Over the next decade, the

overweight/obesity numbers increased

The prevalence of overweight and obesity is not distributed evenly across the US population Higher obesity rates have been linked to regional, economic, and social factors (Trust for America's Health, 2010) Among families living below the federal poverty level 44.8% of children are overweight or obese, while 22.8% of children of families with incomes above 400% of the federal poverty level are overweight or obese Except for Michigan, ten of the highest adult obesity rates are

in southern states while 9 of the 10 states with the highest childhood obesity rates are in the South It should also be noted that 9 of the 10 states in the South also have the highest rates of poverty in the USA Adult obesity rates among African-Americans are at 30 percent or above in 43 states, compared with 19 states for Latinos and only 1 state for Whites,

reflecting the disparities among minorities that exist in income, education, and limited access to health care The CDC's

2009 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance report showed that Blacks were 51% more likely and Hispanics 21% more

likely than Whites to be obese Children and youths from families living in poverty are more likely to be overweight or obese and children and youths with disabilities are at greater risk for becoming overweight than nondisabled peers (Meich

et al., 2006)

Briefly explain how poverty appears to place children and youth at greater risk to become overweight and/or obese

Explanation:

Answers will vary

Short Answer Question

28 The Dilemma of Our Times: Lifespan Physical Activity and the Obesity Health Crisis

The NCPPA mission is to unite the strengths of public, private, and industry efforts into collaborative partnerships that inspire and empower all Americans to lead more physically active lifestyles The reality is that there is an unprecedented synergy building around the issue of physical activity as it pertains to lifestyle behavior patterns and accessible

environments that promote physically active lifestyles National Coalition for Promoting Physical Activity (2002)

In 2001, David Satcher, Surgeon General of the United States, reported that levels of obesity among Americans had

reached epidemic proportions (U.S Department of Health and Human Services, 2001) Over the next decade, the

overweight/obesity numbers increased

Overweight and obesity are factors related to a large number of health problems, including coronary heart disease, Type 2 diabetes, cancers, high blood pressure, high total cholesterol, stroke, liver and gall bladder disease, sleep apnea, respiratory problems, osteoarthritis, and reproductive health complications (see Focus on Box 1.2 Health Impact of Overweight and Obesity) It is also clear that overweight and obesity can influence psychological and social issues for children, youth, and adults

What are four chronic diseases that are attributable to overweight/obesity?

Explanation:

Answers will vary

Test Bank for Introduction to Physical Education Fitness and Sport 8th Edition by Siedento Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/

Short Answer Question

29 The Dilemma of Our Times: Lifespan Physical Activity and the Obesity Health Crisis

The NCPPA mission is to unite the strengths of public, private, and industry efforts into collaborative partnerships that inspire and empower all Americans to lead more physically active lifestyles The reality is that there is an unprecedented synergy building around the issue of physical activity as it pertains to lifestyle behavior patterns and accessible

environments that promote physically active lifestyles National Coalition for Promoting Physical Activity (2002)

In 2001, David Satcher, Surgeon General of the United States, reported that levels of obesity among Americans had

reached epidemic proportions (U.S Department of Health and Human Services, 2001) Over the next decade, the

overweight/obesity numbers increased

Body mass index (BMI) is a way to estimate the degree of underweight or overweight among children, youth, and adults

For children and youth, BMI is estimated by having measures of height and weight related to age, which allows for BMI percentiles to be calculated for each age group Children and youth that have BMIs above the 85th percentile are

considered to be overweight Children and youth with BMIs above the 95th percentile are considered to be obese

For adults, the formula for computing BMI is weight in pounds divided by height in inches squared and multiplied by 703 For adults, an optimal range for BMI is 18.5-25 A BMI lower than 18.5 is considered to be underweight, a BMI over 25 is considered to be overweight, and a BMI over 30 is considered to be obese

BMI is used because of the availability of height and weight measures and is an estimate of actual levels of body fat Its

accuracy, especially among older youth and adults, can be distorted by factors such as fitness level, muscle mass, and bone structure

List two factors that may distort a person's BMI score

Explanation:

Answers will vary

Short Answer Question

30 The Costs of Overweight and Obesity

Children and youths are typically included in their parents' health insurance Overweight and obese children/youths have more medical problems and miss more school days than children/youth who are normal weight (Sepulveda, et al., 2010), and this often results in parents missing work-days and making more insurance claims related to the health of their

children

Medical spending for obese persons is 42% higher than for normal weight persons (Finkelstein et al., 2009) Obesity costs USA businesses more than $13 billion annually due to health insurance claims, paid sick leave, and disability and life

insurance (Thompson, et al., 1998) Obesity costs a 1000-employee company approximately $285,000 per year

(Finkelstein, et al., 2009) The obesity crisis has also led to interesting changes in several industries For example, the automobile industry consumes as many as 1 billion additional gallons of gasoline yearly due to population overweight and this additional consumption of gasoline produces nearly 10 billion tons of carbon dioxide emissions (Jacabson & King, 2009) The airline industry is estimated to use 350 million more gallons of fuel yearly due to higher total weights of

passengers at an extra cost of $275 million per year and this additional consumption releases an extra 3.8 million tons of carbon dioxide into the air

Briefly describe the economic consequences of the increases in overweight/obesity levels

Explanation:

Answers will vary

Short Answer Question

31 The Costs of Overweight and Obesity

Children and youths are typically included in their parents' health insurance Overweight and obese children/youths have more medical problems and miss more school days than children/youth who are normal weight (Sepulveda, et al., 2010), and this often results in parents missing work-days and making more insurance claims related to the health of their

children

It these problems continue the future economic burdens attributable to the high current rates of overweight among

adolescents are substantial Lightwood, et al., (2009) constructed models to estimate the costs of excess obesity and

associated diabetes and coronary heart diseases among adults who will be aged 35-64 in 2020 to 2050 Current adolescent overweight is projected to result in 161 million life-years that will be complicated by obesity, diabetes, or coronary heart disease and 1.5 million life-years lost The costs are estimated to be $208 billion from early death or morbidity and $46 billion from direct medical costs

How did the authors describe the prediction on the future long-term economic consequences of the current levels of

overweight/obesity among today's adolescents?

Explanation:

Test Bank for Introduction to Physical Education Fitness and Sport 8th Edition by Siedento Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/

Answers will vary

Short Answer Question

32 Fast Foods and the Overweight/Obesity Epidemic

Lack of sufficient physical activity of the right kind and duration is not the only contributor to the overweight/obesity

epidemic Over the last quarter century the consumption of fast foods has increased dramatically Children and youths in the United States eat five times the amount of fast food that their counterparts did in the 1980s Fast food is less expensive than healthy food and is typically more accessible In most places a healthy salad costs more than a hamburger and fries.Briefly describe how fast food consumption patterns have changed in the last few decades

Explanation:

Answers will vary

Short Answer Question

33 Fast Foods and the Overweight/Obesity Epidemic

Fast food, as a percentage of discretionary food expenditure doubled from 20% in the 1970s to 40% by 1995 Children and youths have also markedly increased their consumption of "snacks," averaging three snacks per day in addition to their three regular meals (Piernas & Popkin, 2010) The consumption of sugared beverages has also increased markedly over the past 30 years (Isganaitis & Lustig, 2005) with a corresponding decrease in the consumption of milk Soft drinks are now a leading source of carbohydrates for 2-18 year olds, second only to bread

From the perspective of discretionary money spent on fast food, describe the change over the last five decades

Explanation:

Answers will vary

Short Answer Question

34 Fast Foods and the Overweight/Obesity Epidemic

Fast food is high in fat, saturated fat, energy density, fructose, and glycemic index, yet poor in fiber, vitamins A and C, and calcium A fast food meal typically contains 85% of recommended daily fat intake, 73% of saturated fat, but only 40%

of the recommended amount of fiber and 30% of the recommended amount of calcium Research has repeatedly linked the consumption of fast food to obesity and to insulin resistance (Bowman et al., 2004)

Complete the following sentence: Research has repeatedly linked the consumption of fast food to and to _

Explanation:

Answers will vary

Short Answer Question

35 Fast Foods and the Overweight/Obesity Epidemic

Growing concern about child/youth overweight and obesity and the associated predicted costs thereof was evident

throughout the health and medical communities, and it became clear that interventions at the federal and state levels would

be needed to stem the epidemic In 2004, the United States Congress passed Section 204 of Public Law 108-25, the Child Nutrition and WIC Reauthorization Act of 2004, the initial federal effort to address the overweight/obesity crisis among American children and youths Section 204 required that "each local educational agency participating in a program

authorized by the Richard B Russell National School Lunch Act or the Child Nutrition Act of 1966 shall establish a local school wellness policy by the school year 2006-2007."

How did the Federal Government get involved in 2004 in the national effort to stem the rising levels of

overweight/obesity?

Explanation:

Answers will vary

Short Answer Question

36 Fast Foods and the Overweight/Obesity Epidemic

The legislation defined the minimum requirements that local school wellness policies should address in order to continue

to get federal financial support for school breakfast and lunches These requirements were defined in five requirements

Test Bank for Introduction to Physical Education Fitness and Sport 8th Edition by Siedento Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/

that local school wellness policies must address.

• Includes goals for nutrition education, physical activity, and other school-based activities that are designed to promote student wellness in a manner that the local educational agency determines is appropriate

• Includes nutritional guidelines selected by the local education agency for all foods available on each school campus

under the local educational agency during the school day with the objectives of promoting student health and reducing childhood obesity

• Provides an assurance that guidelines for reimbursable school meals shall not be less restrictive than regulations and guidance issues by the U.S Department of Agriculture Secretary

• Establishes a plan for measuring implementation of the local wellness policy, including designation of 1 or more persons within the local educational agency or at each school, as appropriate, charged with operational responsibility for ensuring that the school meets the local wellness policy

• Involves parents, students, and representatives of the school food authority, the school board, school administrators, and the public in the development of local school wellness policy

According to the Child Nutrition and WIC Reauthorization Act of 2004 what were two of the main requirements for

school districts when drafting their district wellness policy?

Explanation:

Answers will vary

Short Answer Question

37 Fast Foods and the Overweight/Obesity Epidemic

In 2004, only four states had legislation that set nutritional standards for school lunches, breakfasts, and snacks that were stricter than USDA requirements By 2010, twenty states plus D.C had set nutritional standards for school lunches,

breakfasts, and snacks that are stricter than USDA requirements A similar improvement in twenty-eight states and the D.C has been made in what are called "competitive foods," that is, foods that are sold in school vending machines, school stores, or through school bake sales (Trust for America's Health, 2010) That still leaves 30 states who have yet to set

standards for breakfast and lunches, as well as for competitive foods

Explain the concept of "competitive foods."

Explanation:

Answers will vary

Short Answer Question

38 Fast Foods and the Overweight/Obesity Epidemic

The legislation also suggested that Wellness Councils should establish goals for physical activity, but did not include a specific reference to physical education Several states, however, used this opportunity to strengthen requirements for

physical education (Siedentop, 2005) The Washington state legislature required that school wellness policies include the establishment of a comprehensive health and fitness curriculum with a minimum time commitment of 100 minutes peer week from grades 1-8 The Texas legislature required 30 minutes daily or 135 minutes weekly in physical education in elementary and middle schools South Carolina passed new legislation that would be phased in over several years,

requiring 150 minutes/week in physical education and physical activity in grades K-5 and requiring high schools students

to complete two credits in health and fitness The North Carolina State Board of Education responded by supporting

legislation that requires elementary schools to move towards 150 minutes/week with a certified PE teacher and middle schools to move towards 225 minutes/week in physical education, with districts required to report annually the number of minutes of PE and PA for each school within the district California responded with a broadly based plan (California

Department of Health Services, 2006) that was enacted and funded by the state legislature The legislation included very specific requirements for the kinds of foods and drinks made available in schools and required a minimum of 200 minutes for every 10 school days in grades 1-6 and a minimum of 400 minuets of PE for every 10 school days in grades 7-12 The legislation also included additions to the state budget that would provide $40 million to hire more credentialed physical education teachers and $500 million for the purchase of PE, art, and music supplies to improve the infrastructure of school programs Many states, however, "suggested" improvements in physical education and school nutrition and even provided guidelines but failed to provide funding or an accountability measure to ensure that progress was made with the result that local school districts, already under a heavy burden for funding, were unlikely to implement the suggested improvements.Briefly describe the legislative progress that has been made in states like Washington, South Carolina and Texas

Explanation:

Answers will vary

Short Answer Question

39 The legislation also suggested that Wellness Councils should establish goals for physical activity, but did not include a specific reference to physical education Several states, however, used this opportunity to strengthen requirements for

physical education (Siedentop, 2005) The Washington state legislature required that school wellness policies include the establishment of a comprehensive health and fitness curriculum with a minimum time commitment of 100 minutes peer week from grades 1-8 The Texas legislature required 30 minutes daily or 135 minutes weekly in physical education in

Test Bank for Introduction to Physical Education Fitness and Sport 8th Edition by Siedento Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/

elementary and middle schools South Carolina passed new legislation that would be phased in over several years,

requiring 150 minutes/week in physical education and physical activity in grades K-5 and requiring high schools students

to complete two credits in health and fitness The North Carolina State Board of Education responded by supporting

legislation that requires elementary schools to move towards 150 minutes/week with a certified PE teacher and middle schools to move towards 225 minutes/week in physical education, with districts required to report annually the number of minutes of PE and PA for each school within the district California responded with a broadly based plan (California

Department of Health Services, 2006) that was enacted and funded by the state legislature The legislation included very specific requirements for the kinds of foods and drinks made available in schools and required a minimum of 200 minutes for every 10 school days in grades 1-6 and a minimum of 400 minuets of PE for every 10 school days in grades 7-12 The legislation also included additions to the state budget that would provide $40 million to hire more credentialed physical education teachers and $500 million for the purchase of PE, art, and music supplies to improve the infrastructure of school programs Many states, however, "suggested" improvements in physical education and school nutrition and even provided guidelines but failed to provide funding or an accountability measure to ensure that progress was made with the result that local school districts, already under a heavy burden for funding, were unlikely to implement the suggested improvements.What requirements did California put in place relative improving Physical Education?

Explanation:

Answers will vary

Short Answer Question

40 The legislation also suggested that Wellness Councils should establish goals for physical activity, but did not include a specific reference to physical education Several states, however, used this opportunity to strengthen requirements for

physical education (Siedentop, 2005) The Washington state legislature required that school wellness policies include the establishment of a comprehensive health and fitness curriculum with a minimum time commitment of 100 minutes peer week from grades 1-8 The Texas legislature required 30 minutes daily or 135 minutes weekly in physical education in elementary and middle schools South Carolina passed new legislation that would be phased in over several years,

requiring 150 minutes/week in physical education and physical activity in grades K-5 and requiring high schools students

to complete two credits in health and fitness The North Carolina State Board of Education responded by supporting

legislation that requires elementary schools to move towards 150 minutes/week with a certified PE teacher and middle schools to move towards 225 minutes/week in physical education, with districts required to report annually the number of minutes of PE and PA for each school within the district California responded with a broadly based plan (California

Department of Health Services, 2006) that was enacted and funded by the state legislature The legislation included very specific requirements for the kinds of foods and drinks made available in schools and required a minimum of 200 minutes for every 10 school days in grades 1-6 and a minimum of 400 minuets of PE for every 10 school days in grades 7-12 The legislation also included additions to the state budget that would provide $40 million to hire more credentialed physical education teachers and $500 million for the purchase of PE, art, and music supplies to improve the infrastructure of school programs Many states, however, "suggested" improvements in physical education and school nutrition and even provided guidelines but failed to provide funding or an accountability measure to ensure that progress was made with the result that local school districts, already under a heavy burden for funding, were unlikely to implement the suggested improvements.According to the authors, why have legislative mandates in many states failed to bring about change?

Explanation:

Answers will vary

Short Answer Question

41 National Goals for Healthy Foods and Physical Activity in Schools

In 1991 in its landmark publication Healthy People 2000, the U.S Public Health Service created a new strategy to deal

with the broad issues related to public health A series of goals were adopted and regular progress related to those goals

was reported In 2000 Healthy People 2010 was published with reports on the progress made for the 2000 goals and the

establishment of revised goals for the next decade The first goal of HP 2010 was to help individuals of all ages increase their life expectancy and improve their quality of life The second goal was to eliminate health disparities among different segments of the population These two goals focus on two main issues that will be addressed throughout this text: (1)

physical education, fitness, and sport need to establish programs that contribute to healthier lifestyles through physical activity, and (2) certain segments of the population need special, coordinated attention for them to achieve the goal of a healthy lifestyle

Healthy People 2020 provided reports on progress for the 2010 goals and revised goals for 2020 Of particular interest to

the issues of childhood/youth overweight and obesity were goals designed to:

• Increase the percentage of schools that offer nutritious foods and beverages outside of school meals

• Increase the percentage of schools with a school breakfast program

• Increase the proportion of the Nation's public and private schools that require daily physical education for all students

• Increase the proportion of adolescents who participate in daily school physical education

• Increase the proportion of adolescents who spend at least 50 percent of school physical education class time being

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Short Answer Question

42 National Goals for Healthy Foods and Physical Activity in Schools

While the federal government has taken the overweight/obesity crisis seriously and initiated several programs to reduce the prevalence of overweight/obesity throughout the population, it has yet to provide sufficient funding to initiate these programs among the states The federal legislation for education that has been well funded in the last decade is the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) program that provides school districts with funds to increase the elementary school

performance in reading and mathematics As school administrators made decisions to strengthen their reading and

mathematics programs in elementary schools to meet the requirements of NCLB, an unintended consequence has been a

40 minutes per week time reduction in physical education and a 50 minute/week reduction for recess time (Center on

Education Policy, 2008) This likely unintended consequence is particularly disappointing because it is abundantly clear that appropriate levels of physical activity, including sufficient time in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), are positively related to increased on-task classroom behavior, cognitive development, and academic performance (Active Education, 2007) Physical and aerobic fitness decline as youth transition from elementary to middle to high school and this appears to especially true for females (Basch, 2010) Physical activity affects metabolism and all major body systems and exerts powerful positive influences on the brain and spinal cord, which affects emotional stability, physical health, and ability to learn

What has been a significant unintended consequence of the No Child Left Behind legislation relative to opportunities for students to be physically activity at school?

Explanation:

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Short Answer Question

43 The National Plan for Physical Activity

On May 3, 2010 America's first National Physical Activity Plan (NPAP) was released The primary vision of the NPAP is that: "One day, all Americans will be physically active and they will live, work, and play in environments that facilitate regular physical activity." (www.physicalactivityplan.org) The NPAP aims to "create a national culture that supports

physically active lifestyles Its ultimate purpose is to improve health, prevent disease and disability, and enhance the

quality of life."

The NPAP is organized in eight societal sectors:

• Business and Industry

• Transportation, Land Use, and Community Design

• Volunteer and Non-Profit

The overarching strategies of the sectors of the National Plan Physical Activity are as follows:

• Launch a grassroots advocacy effort to mobilize support for strategies and tactics included in the NPAP

• Mount a national physical activity education program to educate Americans about effective behavioral strategies for increasing physical activity and integrate the program's design with other national health promotion and disease prevention education campaigns

• Disseminate best practice physical activity models, programs, and policies to the widest extent possible to ensure

Americans can access strategies that will enable them to meet federal physical activity guidelines

• Create a national resource center to disseminate effective tools for promoting physical activity

• Establish a center for physical activity policy development and research across all sectors of the NPAP

In addition to Education, Business and Industry, and Health Care, what are two other sectors in society that contributed to developing the National Physical Activity Plan?

Explanation:

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Short Answer Question

44 The National Plan for Physical Activity

On May 3, 2010 America's first National Physical Activity Plan (NPAP) was released The primary vision of the NPAP is that: "One day, all Americans will be physically active and they will live, work, and play in environments that facilitate regular physical activity." (www.physicalactivityplan.org) The NPAP aims to "create a national culture that supports

physically active lifestyles Its ultimate purpose is to improve health, prevent disease and disability, and enhance the

quality of life."

The two sectors that will be highlighted in this text are the Education Sector and the Parks, Recreation, Fitness, and Sports

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Sector This is not to suggest that the other sectors are less important For example, the Transportation, Land Use, and Community Design sector has as its primary goal to make the "built environment" safer and more accessible and attractive for walking, running, and cycling Parents cite five primary barriers to their children's participation in physical activity: transportation problems, lack of opportunities for physical activity in the immediate area, expense, parental lack of time, and concerns about neighborhood safety (MMWR Weekly, 2003) The specific strategies for the Education Sector and the Parks, Recreation, Fitness, and Sports Sector are described in Chapter 3.

Briefly describe the contribution that the Transportation, Land Use, and Community Design sector can make to increase physical activity levels

Explanation:

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Short Answer Question

45 The National Plan for Physical Activity

On May 3, 2010 America's first National Physical Activity Plan (NPAP) was released The primary vision of the NPAP is that: "One day, all Americans will be physically active and they will live, work, and play in environments that facilitate regular physical activity." (www.physicalactivityplan.org) The NPAP aims to "create a national culture that supports

physically active lifestyles Its ultimate purpose is to improve health, prevent disease and disability, and enhance the

quality of life."

The two sectors that will be highlighted in this text are the Education Sector and the Parks, Recreation, Fitness, and Sports Sector This is not to suggest that the other sectors are less important For example, the Transportation, Land Use, and Community Design sector has as its primary goal to make the "built environment" safer and more accessible and attractive for walking, running, and cycling Parents cite five primary barriers to their children's participation in physical activity: transportation problems, lack of opportunities for physical activity in the immediate area, expense, parental lack of time, and concerns about neighborhood safety (MMWR Weekly, 2003) The specific strategies for the Education Sector and the Parks, Recreation, Fitness, and Sports Sector are described in Chapter 3

What do parents report as the five primary barriers to their children's physical activity?

Explanation:

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Short Answer Question

46 Lifespan Physical Activity: A Revolution Not Limited By Age Or Gender

Someday, historians will describe the current era as a watershed period characterized by the emergence of the possibility and desirability of lifespan physical activity through physical education, fitness, and sport While far too many Americans

of all ages have yet to invest in and achieve that possibility, it is now clear that it is both possible and desirable What has

to be done now is to create the opportunities to achieve it

When we consider participation in physical education, fitness, and sport, what age and gender groups come to mind? If we observe our cultural traditions, our thoughts may go to children at play, youths involved in sports, and young adults

participating in recreational activities, with involvement slowly diminishing as they grow older Very young children are seldom included in this scenario and we have traditionally thought more about the participation of boys than girls In

addition, although we may think of men as continuing their involvement in moderately active recreation as they age, we are less likely to think of them engaged in strenuous activities Until quite recently, we would have been unlikely to

include women engaged in lifespan physical activity and even more unlikely to think of them as engaged in strenuous physical activity Our tradition has been to think of elderly persons as largely inactive except, perhaps, for a quiet walk the afternoon

Historically, we think of physical education, fitness, and sport programs as limited primarily to older children, youths, and young adults Furthermore, far too many of us have viewed appropriate participation for girls and women to be less

rigorous than for males, and some have considered female participation to be out of bounds altogether Thankfully, these stereotypes have been mostly dismantled Our old ideas are being replaced with a vision of lifespan involvement in

physical activity beginning at a very young age and continuing through the lifespan, not only for boys and men but also for girls and women These changes in perception, and the changes in opportunities that accompany them, lie at the heart of the revolution we are now experiencing, a revolution that is not limited by age or gender

What stereotypes are being changed by viewing physical activity from a lifespan perspective?

Explanation:

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Short Answer Question

47 Lifespan Physical Activity: A Revolution Not Limited By Age Or Gender

Someday, historians will describe the current era as a watershed period characterized by the emergence of the possibility and desirability of lifespan physical activity through physical education, fitness, and sport While far too many Americans

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