Test bank for introduction to criminal justice 8th edition by bohm

Multiple Choice Question Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Level: Basic Topic: Criminal Justice: An Institution of Social Control 6.. Multiple Choice Question Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Leve

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Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis - (13) Topic: Criminal Justice: An Institution of Social Control - (4)

Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension - (22) Topic: Criminal Justice: The System - (33)

Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge - (28)

1 According to a 2006 ABCNEWS.com survey, approximately what percentage of Americans who perceive a crime

problem nationally say their belief is based on crime reports they have seen on the news?

20%

40%

60%

Multiple Choice Question

Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

Level: Moderate Topic: Crime in the United States

2 As discussed in your textbook, the list of calls for police service in Long Beach, California, shows which call for service to

be most common?

burglar alarms

→ parking violations violent offenses disturbances

Bloom's Taxonomy: Application

Level: Basic Topic: Crime in the United States

3 Approximately how many hours a day does the average American spend in front of the television, according to a 2009 study by Ball State University's Center for Media Design?

2

8 12

4 Critics of the American media argue that the news media have a dual obligation to

present news that reflects a higher focus on international crime than on domestic crime and maintain their presentation of sensational crimes

present news that reflects a more balanced picture of the overall crime problem and increase their presentation

of sensational crimes

→ present news that reflects a more balanced picture of the overall crime problem and reduce their presentation of sensational crimes.

present news that reflects a higher focus on international crime than on domestic crime and reduce their presentation of sensational crimes

Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis

5 Like the family, schools, organized religion, the media, and the law, criminal justice is a(n)

→ institution of social control

private response to crime

informal method of social control

subtle social control

Level: Basic Topic: Criminal Justice: An Institution of Social Control

6 According to a 2010 public opinion poll, approximately what percentage of Americans responded that they had a "great deal" or "quite a lot" of confidence in the criminal justice system?

5%

50%

75%

Test Bank for Introduction to Criminal Justice 8th Edition by Bohm Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/

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Level: Moderate Topic: Criminal Justice: An Institution of Social Control

7 American criminal justice consists of three main agencies Which of the following is NOT one of those three main

agencies?

corrections

→ prisons

police courts

Level: Basic Topic: Criminal Justice: The System

8 Approximately how many agencies of federal, state, and local governments comprise criminal justice in the United States?

50 500 5,000

→ 50,000

9 The term jurisdiction, as used in your text, means

the specific location in which a court is located

the loose confederation of prisons and jails around the country

→ a politically defined geographical area

the system of rank and hierarchy within police agencies

10 Often, an arrest supported by and is sufficient to close a case, especially with a less serious crime

→ witness statements; crime scene evidence

media coverage; jurisdiction crime scene evidence; media coverage witness statements; jurisdiction

Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

Level: Moderate Topic: Criminal Justice: The System

11 After an arrest has been made, the suspect is brought to the police station to be

incarcerated

→ booked

interrogated

tried

12 There are three types of charging documents Which of the following is NOT one of the three types of charging documents described in your text?

an information

→ a misdemeanant

a complaint

a grand jury indictment

13 The booking process typically involves

entering the suspect's charge in the police blotter

entering the suspect's name in the police blotter

perhaps entering the suspect's fingerprints or photograph in the police blotter

→ All these answers are correct

14 A(n) is a charging document specifying that an offense has been committed by a person or persons named or described

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information grand jury indictment

→ complaint

All these answers are correct

15 A(n) outlines the formal charge or charges, the law or laws that have been violated, and the evidence to support the charge or charges

→ information

grand jury indictment complaint

ordinance violation

16 A suspect becomes a defendant after

an information has been made

a complaint has been made

arrest

→ charges have been filed

17 In the case of a misdemeanor or an ordinance violation, a(n) may be held

→ summary trial

information arrest warrant grand jury

Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation

18 The purpose of the is for a judge to determine whether there is probable cause to believe that the defendant committed the crime or crimes with which he or she is charged

→ preliminary hearing

indictment arraignment initial appearance

19 The primary purpose of the is to hear the formal information or indictment and to allow the defendant to enter a plea

preliminary hearing indictment

→ arraignment

initial appearance

20 About of criminal defendants plead guilty to the charges against them, in an arrangement called plea bargaining

75%

50%

25%

21 Cases that are not resolved through plea bargaining or by a jury trial are decided by a judge in a

grand jury

indictment

→ bench trial

arraignment

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Multiple Choice Question Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

22 The vast majority of criminal cases in the United States are disposed of through which of the following processes?

jury trials

→ plea bargaining

bench trials vigilantism

23 Currently, five general types of punishment are in use in the United States Which of the following is NOT one of these punishments in use in the United States?

probation

→ transportation

intermediate punishments death

24 Defendants can appeal their convictions on legal grounds Which of the following is NOT one of the legal grounds

described in your textbook?

mistaken interpretations of law defects in jury selection

improper admission of evidence at trial

→ illegal search and seizure

25 Defendants can appeal their convictions on constitutional grounds Which of the following is NOT one of the

constitutional grounds described in your textbook?

→ freedom of speech and public assembly

incompetent assistance of counsel improper questioning of the defendant by the police identification of the defendant through a defective police lineup

26 Because there is considerable conflict and confusion between different agencies of criminal justice, an accurate way of defining American criminal justice may be to call it

a system

→ a nonsystem

extremely uniform

smoothly operating

Level: Basic Topic: Criminal Justice: The Nonsystem

27 Criminal justice officials frequently complained that their jobs were made because of the practice, once

common in many states, of sealing juvenile court records

less complicated

→ more difficult

easier more interesting

Level: Basic Topic: Criminal Justice: The Nonsystem

28 When politically conservative values are dominant in society, the principles and policies of seem to dominate the operation of criminal justice

→ the crime control model

obstacle-course justice fact-finding processes the due process model Multiple Choice Question

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Level: Basic Topic: Two Models of Criminal Justice

29 The ultimate goal of the crime control model is

due process

punishment

→ the control of crime

human rights

30 If defendants ask for something special, such as a trial, the criminal justice assembly line is

enhanced

taken to its full potential

essentially no different

→ slowed down

31 If defendants are not satisfied with the outcome of their trials, they have the right to

declare a mistrial

→ appeal

demand a retrial

request new counsel

32 Which of the following are used to increase efficiency—meaning speed and finality—in the crime control model?

mistrials

→ plea bargains

appeals bench trials

33 A major problem with the crime control model is that a presumption of guilt goes against one of the oldest and most

cherished principles of American criminal justice What is this principle?

Defendants have the right to counsel, even if indigent

Defendants have the right to a jury of their peers

→ Defendants are considered innocent until proven guilty

Defendants are protected against compelled self-incrimination

34 Herbert Packer characterizes the due process model as

"assembly-line justice."

focused on speed and efficiency

more concerned with guilt than with innocence

→ "obstacle-course justice."

35 On which of the following doctrines is the due process model based?

→ legal guilt

factual guilt presumptive guilt legal innocence

36 Due process advocates recognize that there can be no equal justice where the kind of trial a person gets, or whether he or she gets a trial at all, depends substantially on

→ how much money that person has

the region of the country in which he or she lives

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the demands of the court's caseload.

the personal beliefs of his or her counsel

Level: Basic Topic: Costs of Criminal Justice

37 In 2009, a total of was spent on civil and criminal justice

→ $258 billion

$2.58 trillion

$258 million

$2.58 billion

Level: Moderate Topic: Costs of Criminal Justice

38 In 2009, approximately how much did criminal and civil justice cost every resident of the United States (if the costs were divided evenly among all U.S residents)?

$8.41

$84.10

→ $841.00

$8,410.00

39 On which of the following components of criminal justice was the most money spent in 2009?

→ police protection

judicial/legal services corrections

reentry

40 In 2009, which level of government spent the most on police protection?

federal state

→ local

Expenses were equally divided among all levels of government

41 In 2009, which level of government spent the most on corrections?

federal

→ state

local Expenses were equally divided among all levels of government

42 In 2009, approximately what percentage of all government expenditures were spent on criminal justice?

8%

16%

27%

43 How much did the state of Florida reportedly spend to administer justice to serial murderer Ted Bundy?

$10,000

$100,000

$1,000,000

→ $10,000,000

44 How much did the federal government spend to execute mass murderer Timothy McVeigh (the cost of the entire process)?

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$1 million

$10 million

→ $100 million

$1 billion

45 In the Florida cocaine possession case described in the text, what criminal justice function cost the most?

law enforcement defense

prosecution and court

→ corrections

46 During the Middle Ages in Europe, people commonly believed that guilt or innocence could be determined through

→ trial by ordeal

hanging

trial by jury

people's courts

47 Sensational crime news stories provide a fairly accurate image of the types of crime by which the average citizen is

victimized

True

→ False

True / False Question

48 What the media present, for the most part, misleads the American public about the nature of crime

False

49 Usually, society turns to criminal justice only after other institutions of social control have failed

False

Level: Basic Topic: Criminal Justice: An Institution of Social Control

50 The criminal justice response to crime usually begins when the police themselves discover that a crime has been

committed

True

→ False

51 An arrest is the seizing and detaining of a person by lawful authority

False

52 A prosecutor always reviews a case before an arrest is made

True

→ False

53 An information is used for ordinance violation charges

True

→ False

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True / False Question Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

54 Probable cause is a standard of proof that requires trustworthy evidence sufficient to make a reasonable person believe that, more likely than not, the proposed action is justified

False

55 A grand jury is a group of citizens who hear a criminal case during trial and decide upon the defendant's guilt

True

→ False

56 Judges are limited by statutory provisions when passing a sentence

False

57 Bail is the conditional release of prisoners before they have served their full sentences

True

→ False

58 From a political standpoint, the crime control model reflects traditional liberal values

True

→ False

59 To achieve "quick closure" in the processing of cases under the crime control model, a premium is placed on speed and finality

False

60 Plea bargaining is the perfect mechanism for achieving the primary focus of the due process model: efficiency

True

→ False

61 In the due process model, the factual guilt of suspects is not determined until the suspects have had a full opportunity to discredit the charges against them

False

62 In the due process model, factual guilt is enough for people to be found guilty of crimes

True

→ False

63 Neither the crime control model nor the due process model is likely to completely control criminal justice in the future

False

Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

Level: Moderate Topic: Two Models of Criminal Justice

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64 Criminal justice is primarily a state and local function.

False

Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

65 Assume that an arrest is made and the defendant is found guilty Number the following steps in the order in which they occur in the criminal justice process Numbers should be from 1 to 11

Possible appeal

Either indictment by a grand jury followed by arraignment, or arraignment on an information

Formal charging of the suspect

Arrest

Preliminary hearing (for a felony)

Sentencing

Booking

Investigation

Initial appearance

Punishment

Either a plea bargain or a trial

Explanation:

10, 7, 4, 2, 6, 9, 3, 1, 5, 11, 8

Short Answer Question

Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis

66 Identify the two ways described in your textbook in which criminal justice differs from other institutions of social control

Explanation:

The two ways are as follows: 1) The role of criminal justice is restricted officially to persuading people to abide by a

limited range of social values: those whose violation constitutes crime Behaviors are of no official concern to criminal justice unless they violate the criminal law 2) Criminal justice is generally society's "last line of defense" against people who refuse to abide by dominant social values and commit crimes

Level: Moderate Topic: Criminal Justice: An Institution of Social Control

67 List the three principal kinds of charging documents and describe for which type of offense each is used

Explanation:

The three principal kinds of charging documents are a complaint, an information, and a grand jury indictment 1) A

complaint in many jurisdictions is used if the offense is a misdemeanor (a less serious crime) or an ordinance violation (usually the violation of a law of a city or town) 2) An information is used in about half the states if the offense is a felony and the state does not use a grand jury 3) A grand jury indictment is used in about half the states if the offense is a felony

68 Defendants can appeal their convictions either on legal grounds or on constitutional grounds Your textbook identifies three examples of legal grounds and four examples of constitutional grounds Name two of each

Explanation:

Answers can include any of the following:

Legal grounds: defects in jury selection, improper admission of evidence at trial, and mistaken interpretations of law

Constitutional grounds: illegal search and seizure, improper questioning of the defendant by the police, identification of the defendant through a defective police lineup, and incompetent assistance of counsel

69 What are the ways in which an appellate court can handle a case that has been appealed?

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The appellate court can affirm the verdict of the lower court and let it stand; modify the verdict of the lower court, without totally reversing it; reverse the verdict of the lower court, which requires no further court action; reverse the decision and remand, or return, the case to the court of original jurisdiction for either a retrial or resentencing

Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis

70 Explain the two reasons the American criminal justice system is a nonsystem

Explanation:

The two reasons are: 1) There is no single system, but instead a loose confederation of more than 50,000 agencies on

federal, state, and local levels 2) Rather than being a smoothly operating set of arrangements and institutions, the agencies

of the criminal justice system interact with one another but generally operate independently, often causing problems for one another

Level: Moderate Topic: Criminal Justice: The Nonsystem

71 Explain the doctrine of legal guilt

Explanation:

According to the doctrine of legal guilt, people are not to be held guilty of crimes merely on a showing, based on reliable evidence, that in all probability they did in fact do what they are accused of doing It is not enough that people are

factually guilty; they must also be legally guilty This means that the integrity of due-process rights must be maintained

72 Your textbook identifies nine due-process rights that affect the determination of legal guilt Name five of them

Explanation:

Answers can include any of the following: protection against double jeopardy; protection against compelled

self-incrimination; a speedy and public trial; an impartial jury of the state and district where the crime occurred; notice of the nature and cause of the accusation; the right to confront opposing witnesses; compulsory process for obtaining favorable witnesses; the right to counsel; the prohibition of cruel and unusual punishment

73 Your neighbor realizes you are studying criminal justice and asks for your opinion regarding his cousin's recent encounter with the law It seems that cousin Michael, a 25-year-old and a new homeowner, had a fight with his neighbor, Jack

Michael had just planted some new roses on what he thought was his property when Jack came outside and claimed the roses were on his property At first, Michael tried to handle the situation calmly, but when Jack said he would pull out the roses, Michael and Jack started shouting loudly at one another A friend called the police, who responded and warned both Michael and Jack that they needed to calm down or they could be charged with a misdemeanor for disturbing the peace After the police left, Jack waited and then stole the roses from out of the ground and was observed by Michael's newly-installed video cameras as the culprit Michael went to the police and signed a complaint for felony larceny due to the cost

of the roses Now, your neighbor wants to know what is likely to happen to Jack Explain what is likely to occur by

outlining the stages from arrest to the possible disposition of the case, using either the crime control or due process model Assume this is Jack's first offense and that he fully admits to taking the roses

Explanation:

Answers will vary but should include a discussion of the police, courts and corrections They should at least briefly

identify the stages of the arrest, booking, preliminary hearing, arraignment, standard of proof and likelihood of plea

bargaining Corrective measures answers will vary depending on whether the student applies a due process or crime

control model

Essay Question

Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis

Level: Moderate Topic: Criminal Justice: The System Topic: Two Models of Criminal Justice

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