Early real-time ultrasound systems relied on the use of _____ transducers.. Bi-stable imaging systems were replaced by grayscale methods because: a.. The destructive nature of ultrasound
Trang 1Chapter 01: The Origins and Evolution of Diagnostic Medical Sonography
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1 A landmark book, The Theory of Sound, represented the beginning of the modern study of acoustics and was written by:
a Sir Isaac Newton
b Robert Boyle
c Leonardo da Vinci
d Lord Rayleigh
2 Early real-time ultrasound systems relied on the use of _ transducers
a linear array
b phased-array
c convex (curvilinear)
d mechanical sectoring
3 Bi-stable imaging systems were replaced by grayscale methods because:
a the image display was too slow
b they failed to demonstrate subtle soft tissue interfaces
c they had limited recording options
d the phosphor-coated screens were subject to screen “decay.”
4 The destructive nature of ultrasound on biologic organisms and living tissue was first discussed in 1927 by:
a Woods and Loomis
b Langevin and Chilowsky
c Howry and Holmes
d Pierce and Firestone
5 Which physician devoted his career to the study and development of noninvasive measurement of the peripheral vascular system?
a John Reid
b Don Baker
c Rokuru Uchida
d Eugene Strandness
6 Mobile real-time scanners eventually replaced bulky static scanners but retained the disadvantage of:
a noise
b sector artifacts
c limited field of view
d poor gain
7 Francis Fry and Elizabeth Kelly Fry are best known for their work in _ ultrasound
a vascular
b breast
c obstetric
d ophthalmic
8 Who first identified the characteristic motion patterns of the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve?
a Carl Hellmuth Hertz
b Claude Joyner
c Inge Edler
d Sven Effert
9 The phenomenon of piezoelectricity was discovered by:
a the Curie brothers
b Wild and Reid
c Leopold and Donald
d Langevin and Chilowsky
Trang 210 The _ was the direct precursor to the imaging systems in use today.
a diasonograph
b Searle Vidoson
c Porta-Arm scanner
d reflectoscope
11 Pythagoras observed:
a that sound is produced by one object striking another
b that sound is carried to the ears by the movement of air
c the relationship between pitch and frequency
d that sound travels in waves
12 Who was the first to compare sound waves with the waves produced by dropping a pebble into a calm body of water?
a Archytas of Tarentum
b Socrates
c Leonardo da Vinci
d Boethius
13 Who is thought to have originated the idea that sound travels in waves?
a Galileo
b Leonardo da Vinci
c Sir Isaac Newton
d Robert Boyle
14 Based on his experiments with bats, _ postulated that there was a range of sound beyond humans’ hearing
a Francis Galton
b Christian Doppler
c Lazzaro Spallanzani
d Wilhelm Roentgen
15 Focused high-energy ultrasound waves are used to:
a visualize the interior of the body
b remove unwanted tissue
c produce cavitation
d detect intracranial lesions
16 Who pioneered A-mode mapping of the human brain?
a Douglass Howry
b Karl Dussik
c John Reid
d John Wild
17 Who first considered using ultrasound to detect tissue thickness?
a John Wild
b Douglass Howry
c Ian Donald
d George Ludwig
18 A major limitation of bi-stable imaging stemmed from its:
a need to use two oscilloscopes
b cumbersome assembly
c need to immerse patients in water
d storage phosphor cathode ray tube
19 Who first produced ultrasound images of the fetal gestational sac?
a Kenneth Gottesfield
b Ian Donald
c Phillipe Jeanty
d Stuart Campbell
Trang 320 The development of sonar is linked to the invention of the:
a reflectoscope
b hydrophone
c supersonic receiver
d ultrasonic whistle
21 Who was the first American to detail the methods and advantages of fetal cephalometry?
a Barry Goldberg
b Lajos von Micsky
c J Stauffer Lehman
d Nathaniel Bronson
22 Floyd Firestone invented the:
a ceiling-mounted transducer carriage
b water path scanner
c fast B-scanner
d reflectoscope
23 Who is credited with first noting that the angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence?
a Leonardo da Vinci
b Francis Galton
c Christian Doppler
d Augustin Fresnel
24 _ can concentrate up to 1000 intersecting beams of ultrasound energy to destroy abnormal tissue
a ARFI
b HIFU
c Thermal ablation
d Elastography
25 Harmonic imaging is a(n):
a quantitative method of distinguishing different types of tissue
b ideal technology for studying the progression, stabilization, and potential regression of coronary atherosclerosis
c technique that is somewhat underused except in specialty practices
d All of the above are correct