A The due process model B The conflict model C The individual rights model D The consensus model Answer: D Page Ref: 13 Objective: Describe the American criminal justice system in terms
Trang 1TESTBANK
Schmalleger, Criminal Justice Today, 14th Edition
Chapter 1 What Is Criminal Justice?
1.1 Multiple-Choice Questions
1) Social is a condition said to exist when a group is faced with social change, uneven
development of culture, maladaptiveness, disharmony, conflict, and lack of consensus
A) order
B) chaos
C) organizatio
D) disorganization
Answer: D
Page Ref: 4
Objective: Summarize the history of crime in America and corresponding changes in the
American criminal justice system
Level: Basic
2) rights are guaranteed to all members of American society by the U.S Constitution
and are particularly important to criminal defendants facing formal processing by the criminal
justice system
A) Social
B) Group
C) Individual
D) Public order
Answer: C
Page Ref: 4
Objective: Summarize the history of crime in America and corresponding changes in the
American criminal justice system
Level: Basic
3) In the 1990s, the perception that crime rates were increasing and that offenders were not being
punished resulted in an increased focus on
A) social justice
B) individual accountability
C) due process
D) the consensus model
Answer: B
Page Ref: 6
Objective: Summarize the history of crime in America and corresponding changes in the
American criminal justice system
Level: Intermediate
Trang 24) Currently, we are seeing a decrease in which types of crime?
A) Mass shootings
B) Internet-based crimes
C) Traditional crimes
D) Inner-city murders
Answer: C
Page Ref: 7
Objective: Summarize the history of crime in America and corresponding changes in the
American criminal justice system
Level: Intermediate
5) One who believes that under certain circumstances involving a criminal threat to public safety,
the interests of society should take precedence over individual rights is a advocate
A) social justice
B) public order
C) conflict
D) civil justice
Answer: B
Page Ref: 9
Objective: Describe the public order (crime control) and individual rights (due process)
perspectives of criminal justice, concluding with how the criminal justice system balances the
two perspectives
Level: Basic
6) is an ideal that embraces all aspects of civilized life and that is linked to
fundamental notions of fairness and to cultural beliefs about right and wrong
A) Public order advocacy
B) Individual rights advocacy
C) Social justice
D) Individual justice
Answer: C
Page Ref: 10
Objective: Explain the relationship of criminal justice to general concepts of equity and fairness
Level: Basic
7) What are the three major components of the Criminal Justice System?
A) Police, Courts, Corrections
B) Police, Legislature, Corrections
C) Police, Courts, Legislature
D) Police, Legislature, Community
Answer: A
Page Ref: 13
Objective: Describe the American criminal justice system in terms of its three major
components and their respective functions
Level: Basic
Trang 38) Which model best assumes that the system's components work together harmoniously to
achieve justice?
A) The due process model
B) The conflict model
C) The individual rights model
D) The consensus model
Answer: D
Page Ref: 13
Objective: Describe the American criminal justice system in terms of its three major
components and their respective functions
Level: Intermediate
9) Which stage in the criminal justice process involves taking pictures and fingerprints of a
suspect?
A) Arraignment
B) Indictment
C) Preliminary Hearing
D) Booking
Answer: D
Page Ref: 16
Objective: Describe the process of American criminal justice, including the stages of criminal
case processing
Level: Basic
10) Which of the following generally does not occur during a preliminary hearing?
A) The judge determines whether there is probable cause to believe the defendant committed the
crime
B) The defense counsel is given the opportunity to test the strength of the prosecution's case
C) The defendant is asked to enter a plea
D) The judge determines whether there is probable cause to believe a crime was committed
Answer: C
Page Ref: 17
Objective: Describe the process of American criminal justice, including the stages of criminal
case processing
Level: Difficult
11) By returning an indictment, the grand jury has determined that
A) the defendant is guilty of the crime
B) there is probable cause to formally charge the defendant with the crime
C) the defendant should be released on recognizance until the trial date
D) the proposed plea bargain is unacceptable and may not be approved
Answer: B
Page Ref: 18
Objective: Describe the process of American criminal justice, including the stages of criminal
case processing
Level: Difficult
Trang 412) The Amendment to the U.S Constitution gives every defendant the right to a trial
by jury?
A) Fourth
B) Fifth
C) Sixth
D) Eighth
Answer: C
Page Ref: 19
Objective: Describe the process of American criminal justice, including the stages of criminal
case processing
Level: Basic
13) In which of the following situations may a bench trial occur?
A) The defendant waives his or her right to a trial by jury
B) The court decides that a trial by jury is not necessary in this case
C) Publicity has made it impossible to select an unbiased jury
D) The judge determines that a jury trial would be too expensive and time-consuming
Answer: A
Page Ref: 19
Objective: Describe the process of American criminal justice, including the stages of criminal
case processing
Level: Intermediate
14) An offender is convicted of multiple crimes and is sentenced for each offense A
sentence permits the offender to serve all sentences at the same time
A) consecutive
B) single
C) concurrent
D) simultaneous
Answer: C
Page Ref: 20
Objective: Describe the process of American criminal justice, including the stages of criminal
case processing
Level: Basic
15) The model emphasizes the efficient arrest and conviction of criminal offenders
A) social control
B) due process
C) crime-control
D) omnibus bill
Answer: C
Page Ref: 21
Objective: Define due process of law, including where the American legal system guarantees
due process
Level: Basic
Trang 516) refers to crime fighting strategies that have been scientifically tested and are based
on social science research
A) Crime-control model
B) Evidence-based practice
C) Social-control model
D) Program evaluation
Answer: B
Page Ref: 22
Objective: Describe the role of evidence-based practice in contemporary criminal justice
Level: Basic
17) describes the scientific study of the causes and prevention of crime and the
rehabilitation and punishment of offenders?
A) Criminal justice
B) Criminology
C) Social justice
D) Multiculturalism
Answer: B
Page Ref: 24
Objective: Describe the role of evidence-based practice in contemporary criminal justice
Level: Basic
18) Multiculturalism is one form of
A) traditionalism
B) diversity
C) homogeneity
D) ethnocentrism
Answer: B
Page Ref: 26
Objective: Explain how multiculturalism and diversity present challenges to and opportunities
for the American system of criminal justice
Level: Intermediate
Trang 61.2 True/False Questions
1) A crime is a behavior for which there is no legally acceptable justification or excuse
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 3
Objective: Summarize the history of crime in America and corresponding changes in the
American criminal justice system
Level: Basic
2) The emphasis on individual rights in the 1960s was associated with a decrease in reported
crime
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 4
Objective: Summarize the history of crime in America and corresponding changes in the
American criminal justice system
Level: Basic
3) Today we are seeing resurgence of traditional crimes
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 7
Objective: Summarize the history of crime in America and corresponding changes in the
American criminal justice system
Level: Basic
4) In the late 20th century, public perspectives shifted towards seeing the criminal as a dangerous
social predator rather than an unfortunate victim of social and personal circumstances
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 8
Objective: Describe the public-order (crime-control) and individual-rights (due process)
perspectives of criminal justice
Level: Intermediate
5) A public-order advocate is one who believes that under certain circumstances involving a
criminal threat to public safety, the interests of society should take precedence over individual
rights
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 9
Objective: Describe the public-order (crime-control) and individual-rights (due process)
perspectives of criminal justice
Level: Basic
Trang 76) The administration of justice focuses on the laws of civil procedure and the various
procedures and activities relating to fairness in relationship between citizens, government
agencies, and businesses in private matters
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 10
Objective: Explain the relationship of criminal justice to general concepts of equity and fairness
Level: Basic
7) The criminal justice system is biased towards disenfranchised groups
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 11
Objective: Explain the relationship of criminal justice to general concepts of equity and fairness
Level: Basic
8) The consensus model is a perspective that assumes that the criminal justice system's
components work together harmoniously to achieve the social product we call justice
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 13
Objective: Describe the American criminal justice system in terms of its three major
components and their respective functions
Level: Basic
9) The conflict model assumes that the criminal justice system's components function primarily
to serve their own interests
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 14
Objective: Describe the American criminal justice system in terms of its three major
components and their respective functions
Level: Basic
10) The grand jury system is required to follow the same procedural rules as a criminal trial
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 18
Objective: Describe the process of American criminal justice, including the stages of criminal
case processing
Level: Basic
11) The judge is not required to accept a guilty plea
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 18
Objective: Describe the process of American criminal justice, including the stages of criminal
case processing
Level: Intermediate
Trang 812) The majority of sentences are imposed in criminal cases after defendants have been found
guilty at trial
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 19
Objective: Describe the process of American criminal justice, including the stages of criminal
case processing
Level: Basic
13) A consecutive sentence occurs when an offender found guilty of more than one charge is
ordered to serve one sentence after another one is completed
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 20
Objective: Describe the process of American criminal justice, including the stages of criminal
case processing
Level: Basic
14) The corrections stage begins prior to sentencing
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 20
Objective: Describe the process of American criminal justice, including the stages of criminal
case processing
Level: Basic
15) Due process is specifically guaranteed only in the Fifth Amendment to the U.S Constitution
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 20
Objective: Define due process of law, including where the American legal system guarantees
due process
Level: Basic
16) The crime-control model is a criminal justice perspective that emphasizes the efficient arrest
and conviction of criminal offenders
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 21-22
Objective: Define due process of law, including where the American legal system guarantees
due process
Level: Basic
17) Evidence-based practice involves crime-fighting strategies that have been scientifically
tested and are based on social science research
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 22
Objective: Describe the role of evidence-based practice in contemporary criminal justice
Level: Basic
Trang 918) Criminal justice as an academic discipline began when criminal justice courses were offered
to NYPD officers in universities in New York City
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 24
Objective: Describe the role of evidence-based practice in contemporary criminal justice
Level: Basic
19) The face of multiculturalism in the U.S is changing due to a recent increase in immigration
from countries in Asia
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 25
Objective: Explain how multiculturalism and diversity present challenges to and opportunities
for the American system of criminal justice
Level: Intermediate
20) Multiculturalism is one form of diversity
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 26
Objective: Explain how multiculturalism and diversity present challenges to and opportunities
for the American system of criminal justice
Level: Basic
1.3 Short Answer Questions
1) Social is a condition that is said to exist when a group is faced with social change,
conflict, and a lack of consensus
Answer: disorganization
Page Ref: 4
Objective: Summarize the history of crime in America and corresponding changes in the
American criminal justice system
Level: Basic
2) advocates focus on protecting personal freedoms and civil rights within society,
including the criminal justice process
Answer: Individual-rights
Page Ref: 9
Objective: Describe the public-order (crime-control) and individual-rights (due process)
perspectives of criminal justice
Level: Basic
3) justice is linked to notions of fairness and cultural beliefs about right and wrong
Answer: Social
Page Ref: 10
Objective: Explain the relationship of criminal justice to general concepts of equity and fairness
Level: Basic
Trang 104) The model of criminal justice assumes that each of the component parts strive
toward a common goal
Answer: consensus
Page Ref: 13
Objective: Describe the American criminal justice system in terms of its three major
components and their respective functions
Level: Basic
5) An individual who believes that the various criminal justice agencies have different and
competing goals would probably adhere to the model of criminal justice
Answer: conflict
Page Ref: 14
Objective: Describe the American criminal justice system in terms of its three major
components and their respective functions
Level: Intermediate
6) A(n) issued by a judge provides the legal basis for the police to apprehend a
suspect
Answer: warrant
Page Ref: 16
Objective: Describe the process of American criminal justice, including the stages of criminal
case processing
Level: Basic
7) The is the stage at which the suspect is brought before a magistrate, advised of the
charges, and possibly given the opportunity for bail
Page Ref: 17
Objective: Describe the process of American criminal justice, including the stages of criminal
case processing
Level: Basic
8) The defendant is asked to enter a plea at the
Answer: arraignment
Page Ref: 18
Objective: Describe the American criminal justice system in terms of its three major
components and their respective functions
Level: Basic
9) A(n) trial does not involve a jury
Answer: bench
Page Ref: 19
Objective: Describe the process of American criminal justice, including the stages of criminal
case processing
Level: Basic