The study of forensic anthropology is part of the subdiscipline of archaeology.. Applied anthropologists work in cultural anthropology and biological anthropology only... Anthropologists
Trang 11. The belief that cultures should be understood with reference to their own histories and values is known as cultural
relativism
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
2. Human beings almost everywhere are ethnocentric
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
3. Cultural relativism is the belief that one's own culture is superior to another
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
4. Cultural relativism suggests that all cultural traditions are good and are of equal worth
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
5. An insider’s point of view that explains the meaning of a cultural practice is called the emic perspective
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
6. The study of forensic anthropology is part of the subdiscipline of archaeology
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
7. Applied anthropologists work in cultural anthropology and biological anthropology only
a. True
Trang 2a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
9. Anthropologists consider race to be a scientifically valid system of classification
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
10. Anthropologists who study ethnography map physiological differences among modern human groups and attempt to
explain the sources of this diversity
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
11. It is very clear that human violence is rapidly declining in our world today
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
12. Language is a complex symbol system in every human culture
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
13. Human variation is a subspecialty of biological anthropology
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
14. Archaeologists study past cultures through the remains of humans, prehistoric animal life, and fossils
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
15. Microsoft is the largest employer of anthropologists
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
Trang 316. The Nacirema are found in:
a. Africa
b. South America
c. North America
d. Asia
e. Europe
ANSWER: c
17. Nacirema ritual is based on the belief that:
a. religious activity leads to economic success
b. agricultural practices need to improve to produce greater yields
c. the human body has a natural tendency to get sick and diseased
d. neighboring tribes are jealous of the Nacirema’s commercial success
e. travel outside of the Nacirema borders is dangerous
ANSWER: c
18. Why do the Nacirema place so much emphasis on the latipsoh?
a. It is the temple where individuals who are sick go for healing
b. It is a ritual tool that the Holy Mouth Man uses to pierce teeth
c. It is a ritual garment that individuals wear in order to be healed
d. It is a shrine that is used to increase one’s economic successes
e. It is a precious gem found only on Nacirema lands
ANSWER: a
19. What is the significance of the opening story on the Nacirema people?
a. It shows that some cultures are irrational
b. It depicts religion as economically based
c. It demonstrates the importance of preventative medicine for long life
d. It illustrates how culture can be viewed from more than one perspective
e. It shows that culture plays a minor role in people’s lives
ANSWER: d
Trang 4a. a group of people who depend on one another for survival or well-being
b. a group whose goals, values, and environmental adaptations are very different
c. the way members of a society adapt to their environment and give meaning to their lives
d. the practice of understanding groups of people within their own environment
e. the scientific and humanistic study of human beings
ANSWER: c
21. Race is based primarily on:
a. biology
b. genetics
c. archaeology
d. society
e. geography
ANSWER: d
22. Which of the following best describes the anthropological approach to other cultures?
a. Cultural relativism
b. Ethnocentrism
c. Holistic
d. Biological
e. Linguistic
ANSWER: a
23. Anthropology is distinct from other academic disciplines because it embraces:
a. ethnocentrism
b. a comparative approach
c. the study of human biology
d. the distinction between culture and society
e. holism
ANSWER: e
24. In the United States, anthropology has traditionally included four subdisciplines. They are:
a. biological anthropology, ethnography, archaeology, and cultural anthropology
b. cultural anthropology, biological anthropology, ethnology, and anthropological linguistics
c. anthropological linguistics, ethnology, primatology, and forensic anthropology
d. forensic anthropology, archaeology, linguistics, and cultural anthropology
e. cultural anthropology, anthropological linguistics, archaeology, and biological anthropology
ANSWER: e
Trang 5research in:
a. linguistic anthropology
b. biological anthropology
c. human variation
d. primatology
e. archaeology
ANSWER: a
26. Cultural anthropologists examine all of the following EXCEPT:
a. the ways in which societies adapt to their environments
b. how members of different cultures interact with one another
c. the structure of the economy
d. patterns of disease
e. the means by which societies produce or acquire food
ANSWER: d
27. Which of the following interests is NOT usually associated with the subdiscipline of cultural anthropology?
a. Globalization
b. Humanistic anthropology
c. Cultural resource management
d. Visual anthropology
e. Political anthropology
ANSWER: c
28. Ethnography is the part of cultural anthropology that:
a. provides a description of society or culture
b. captures what practices mean to members of a culture
c. attempts to find general principles or laws that govern cultural phenomena
d. analyzes the role of the individual within a particular society
e. works to identify all of the members of a specific society
ANSWER: a
Trang 6a. The 20th century was the most violent in the history of humanity
b. Violence is a relatively new phenomenon in relation to ancient history
c. Most violence in the 20th century was state-sponsored
d. The sources of both peace and violence ultimately lie in human nature
e. The expression of violence is an aspect of culture
ANSWER: b
30. Linguistic anthropologists focus on all of the following EXCEPT:
a. social learning about language use
b. the structure of language
c. the evolution of vocal cords
d. patterns of speech
e. rules of verbal interaction
ANSWER: c
31. Archaeology is the study of human material remains. Its primary focus, however, is on the search for:
a. patterns
b. new discoveries
c. ritual activity
d. complex thought
e. human biological evolution
ANSWER: a
32. Archaeologists study cultural patterns through human:
a. speech
b. material remains
c. fossils
d. thought
e. meanings
ANSWER: b
Trang 7architectural resources?
a. Cultural resource preservation
b. Cultural resource management
c. Natural resource preservation
d. Historical resource management
e. Historical resource preservation
ANSWER: b
34. Which statement about biology and culture is most correct?
a. Human biology and culture both shape and are shaped by each other
b. Human culture is a product of biology
c. Human biology is not related to human culture
d. Human biology and culture affect each other during times of evolutionary transition
e. Human biology is a product of human culture
ANSWER: a
35. Which area of biological anthropology focuses on the evolutionary history of humans?
a. Primatology
b. Paleoanthropology
c. Human genetics
d. Forensic anthropology
e. Ethnology
ANSWER: b
36. Biological anthropology includes study of all of the following EXCEPT:
a. human nutrition
b. primates
c. language
d. human populations
e. disease
ANSWER: c
Trang 8slow process of biological adaptation?
a. Opposable toe
b. More complex brain
c. Wider pelvis
d. Broader shoulders
e. Development of smell
ANSWER: b
38. An anthropologist who works as part of a crime-solving unit for an urban police department is most likely a(n):
a. human paleontologist
b. archaeologist
c. ethnologist
d. applied anthropologist
e. forensic anthropologist
ANSWER: e
39. Which specialty of biological anthropology is most associated with the study of physiological differences among
humans?
a. Epidemiology
b. Human variation
c. Primatology
d. Osteology
e. Demography
ANSWER: b
40. In general terms, why might a multinational corporation hire an applied anthropologist?
a. To solve a range of practical problems associated with business
b. To interview prospective employees
c. To develop new products and new inventions
d. To teach employees about the importance of their own culture
e. To create a museum
ANSWER: a
Trang 9a. Cultural anthropology, linguistic anthropology, and forensic anthropology
b. Primatology, human paleontology, ethnography, and archaeology
c. Archaeology, biological anthropology, linguistic anthropology, and cultural anthropology
d. Linguistic anthropology and cultural anthropology only
e. Biological anthropology and archaeology only
ANSWER: c
42. In the United States, most people see humanity as composed of biological “races.” However, most of the traits we
use to assign people to a race are:
a. blood types
b. skeletal types
c. hair colors
d. facial traits
e. geographic locations
ANSWER: d
43. A recent study (Rohde, Olson, and Chang, 2004) shows that all contemporary humans have common ancestors who
lived years ago
a. 500 to 1,000
b. 1,000 to 1,500
c. 1,500 to 2,000
d. 2,000 to 5,000
e. 100 to 500
ANSWER: d
44. Why is biological race difficult to determine?
a. Measurements reveal that people are as different from others classified in the same race as they are from
those in different races
b. We do not know how many skeletal traits ultimately constitute a different race
c. Most people cannot see beyond their prejudices and do not consider the appropriate traits in their classification
d. Internal traits are more important in the separation of races than those we see superficially
e. Race does not exist biologically or socially
Trang 10a. geographical origin
b. biology
c. history
d. culture
e. intelligence
ANSWER: d
46. Which of the following is a way that anthropology is unique and different from other social sciences?
a. Anthropology focuses on the study of people
b. Anthropology does first-hand research on real-life problems
c. Anthropology is a liberal arts discipline
d. Anthropology works to create new and useful ways to think about culture
e. Anthropology focuses on biology and biological questions
ANSWER: d
47. During the late 20th century:
a. the United States has become an increasingly dominant force culturally and socially in the world
b. members of minority groups in the United States have moved to stronger economic and political positions
c. the world has become more and more a domain of nationalist strongholds
d. white, Protestant, Northern European males have begun to have more power and exert a more dominant force
in national decision making
e. immigrants are less connected with their homelands of origin, leaving them eager to assimilate into U.S. culture
ANSWER: b
48. Which of the following statements is correct?
a. There is no such thing as cultural universals
b. There are some cultural universals, but there is no single explanation about how they developed
c. There are cultural universals, and anthropologists believe that they all developed because they were transmitted
from person to person across time
d. Periodical cultural universals occur, especially at points of evolution
e. Human evolution could not occur without cultural universals
ANSWER: b
Trang 11a. It is the belief that all cultures are equal, but some are better structured to be global leaders
b. It is a concept that describes cultures that have not developed technologically
c. It is excessive pride and can be likened to ethnocentrism
d. It is the belief that all cultures are equally valid and should be respected
e. It is a type of culture change
ANSWER: c
50. Stephen Pinker argues that:
a. worldwide violence is rapidly increasing
b. worldwide violence is associated with resource depletion
c. worldwide violence is declining
d. worldwide violence will soon disappear
e. violence is the most significant way that humans communicate
ANSWER: c
51. Anthropology courses do all of the following EXCEPT:
a. present many useful ways of thinking
b. focus on understanding other groups of people
c. grapple with the questions of what it means to be human
d. attempt to understand the full range of human cultural experience
e. advocate determining which culture is superior to another
ANSWER: e
52. Which of the following has been documented by anthropologists Clayton and Carole Robarchek as a very peaceful
society?
a. Yanomamo
b. Ilongot
c. Machiguenga
d. Semai
e. Algonquin
ANSWER: d
Trang 12a. The scientific perspective
b. The perspective of a native, or insider
c. A point of view that represents an opinion
d. A point of view that has been scientifically proved and can be considered a cultural law
e. The perspective of the audience, or reader, of ethnography
ANSWER: a
54. A group of people who depend on each other for survival and who structure their lives together into a series of
statuses and roles is called a:
a. culture
b. subculture
c. society
d. clan
e. neighborhood
ANSWER: c
55. Richard Wrangham argues that all of the following were significant to human evolution EXCEPT:
a. longer digestive tracts than our primate relatives
b. an increase in human cooperation within the social group itself
c. the development of cooking methods to increase nutrition of our food
d. high levels of cooperation between males and females
e. the ability to use and control fire
ANSWER: a
Subjective Short Answer
56. Anthropology is classified as a science and a
ANSWER: humanity
57. Culture is
ANSWER: the way members of a society adapt to their environment and give meaning to their lives
58. Why is cultural relativism important to the study of anthropology?
ANSWER: It allows anthropologists to understand how cultural practices developed and how they function in a
society
59. Name and briefly describe the four traditional subdisciplines of anthropology in the United States
ANSWER: Cultural anthropology is the study of human society and culture; linguistic anthropology is the study of
language and its relation to culture; archaeology is the study of past cultures through their material remains; and biological anthropology is the study of humans as biological and physical entities
Trang 13ANSWER: Anthropology studies the entire range of humans' biological, social, political, economic, and religious
behavior as well as the relationships among the different aspects of human behavior in the past and the present
61. In what three ways is anthropology distinct among the social sciences?
ANSWER: It focuses on understanding different groups of people, on understanding what it means to be human, and
on creating new and useful ways of thinking about culture
62. Distinguish between the concepts of emic and etic perspective
ANSWER: Emic is the insider point of view, and etic is the scientific perspective.
Essay
63. Choose an aspect of Nacirema culture NOT discussed in the opening story, and describe and analyze it from the
perspective of a cultural outsider
ANSWER: Answers will vary.
64. Compare and contrast the concepts of ethnocentrism and cultural relativism. Describe the strengths and weaknesses
of each
ANSWER: Answers will vary.
65. Briefly describe each of the four subdisciplines in anthropology, and then choose a study that would be interesting or
helpful for an applied anthropologist to do in each one of these areas. You may use examples from the book or provide
examples of your own
ANSWER: Answers will vary.
66. Describe the various problems that exist with racial classifications used in the United States
ANSWER: Answers will vary.
67. What role does the discipline of anthropology play in the 21st-century university curriculum?
ANSWER: Answers will vary.
68. What is culture? Use the different subdisciplines as a way of defining this concept
ANSWER: Answers will vary.