Which subfield, or branch, of anthropology is interested in the study of the lifeways of peoples of the pasta. A linguistic anthropologist is conducting research to determine whether peo
Trang 1a. physical anthropology
b. cultural anthropology
c. linguistic anthropology
d. ethnological anthropology
ANSWER: d
2. What is it that distinguishes anthropology from disciplines such as political science and psychology?
a. Anthropology is narrower in scope
b. Anthropology is broader in scope
c. Anthropology is not all that different from disciplines such as political science and psychology
d. Anthropology is only interested in past human societies
ANSWER: b
3. Which of the following statements best describes the discipline of anthropology?
a. It is only interested in past human societies
b. It is only interested in human beings
c. It spans the gap between the humanities, the social sciences, and the natural sciences
d. It is only interested in peoples in non-industrialized societies
ANSWER: c
4. According to your textbook, what is a recent development in the scope of anthropological research?
a. Anthropologists have begun to pay attention to cultural groups in Western industrial societies
b. Anthropologists have begun to pay attention to cultural groups in non-Western societies
c. Anthropologists have decided to ignore groups in non-Western societies
d. Anthropologists have decided to focus on written materials in their research
ANSWER: a
5. What is the name given to the branch of anthropology that focuses on problem-oriented research designed to generate policy recommendations for addressing social problems?
a. cultural anthropology
b. medical anthropology
c. applied anthropology
d. practice anthropology
ANSWER: c
Trang 26. What is the name of the branch of anthropology that involves using already existing anthropological findings and insights on a daily basis?
a. cultural anthropology
b. medical anthropology
c. applied anthropology
d. practice anthropology
ANSWER: d
7. Which of the four fields, or branches, of anthropology is interested in the study of humans from a biological
perspective?
a. medical anthropology
b. physical anthropology
c. practice anthropology
d. cultural anthropology
ANSWER: b
8. Which of the four fields, or branches, of anthropology is most likely to be interested in reconstructing the
evolutionary record of the human species?
a. medical anthropology
b. physical anthropology
c. practice anthropology
d. archaeological anthropology
ANSWER: b
9. Which specialized area of anthropology that is interested in reconstructing the evolutionary record of the human species?
a. ethnobotany
b. ethnohistory
c. paleoanthropology
d. archaeological anthropology
ANSWER: c
Trang 3a. paleoanthropology
b. medical anthropology
c. ecological anthropology
d. archaeological anthropology
ANSWER: a
11. Which of the following was NOT one of forensic anthropologist Owen Beattie’s contributions?
a. identifying victims of the 1994 genocide in Rwanda
b. identifying victims of the earthquake at Pompeii
c. identifying victims of a Canadian serial killer
d. examining the remains of the members of Sir John Franklin’s Arctic expedition
ANSWER: b
12. When anthropologists make observations about the division of labour among baboon troops, they are also able to gain insights into which of the following areas?
a. finding new ways to preserve the natural habitat of the baboon species
b. understanding the early stages of the allocation of work in pre-literate human societies
c. understanding the role of violence in nonhuman primate groups
d. demonstrating that social inequality is natural and necessary
ANSWER: b
13. What did forensic anthropologist Owen Beattie discover about the members of Sir John Franklin’s 1845 Arctic expedition?
a. that they had likely been poisoned by eating raw seafood
b. that they had been misled by the explorers on another ship
c. that they had burned to death after trying to light a fire to keep warm
d. that they had resorted to cannibalism in order to prevent starving to death
ANSWER: d
14. Anthropologists that study the anatomy and social behaviour of gorillas, baboons, and chimpanzees in their natural
habitats are primarily interested in which of the following?
a. finding new ways to preserve their natural habitats
b. understanding the ways that animal instincts lead to violence
c. gaining insights into the human evolutionary process
d. understanding gender relationships in the wild
Trang 4chimpanzees?
a. zoology
b. paleontology
c. biology
d. primatology
ANSWER: d
16. For the first half of the 20th century, biological anthropologists tended to understand human variation by which of these methods?
a. measuring human skulls
b. taking blood samples
c. dividing the world’s populations into various racial categories
d. demonstrating that we were all the same
ANSWER: c
17. Current anthropological understandings of race can best be described by which of these statements?
a. Race is a social construct
b. Race is a biological given
c. Race relates to the statistical frequency of specific genes
d. Race is based on shared physical characteristics
ANSWER: a
18. Current studies that investigate modern human variation in terms of things such as levels of melanin or presence of sickle cells help anthropologists understand which phenomenon?
a. genetic inheritance
b. racial classification
c. the spread of disease
d. natural selection
ANSWER: d
19. Which of these areas of anthropology focuses on the distribution of diseases over time?
a. genetics
b. population biology
c. epidemiology
d. archaeology
ANSWER: c
Trang 5characteristics and physical environments?
a. genetics
b. population biology
c. epidemiology
d. ethnobotany
ANSWER: b
21. Which subfield, or branch, of anthropology is interested in the study of the lifeways of peoples of the past?
a. ethnobotany
b. paleontology
c. archaeology
d. epidemiology
ANSWER: c
22. In the context of the study of archaeology, what do features and artifacts have in common?
a. They have nothing in common
b. They have been modified by people
c. They cannot be removed from the archaeological site
d. They can easily be removed from the site and studied elsewhere
ANSWER: b
23. In the context of anthropology, which of these statements describes ecofacts?
a. objects that have been modified by people
b. objects that cannot be seen but are part of an archaeological dig site
c. genetic aspects of a given population
d. objects that were used but not altered by humans
ANSWER: d
24. When found at an archaeological site, bones, seeds, and wood are examples of which of these types of materials?
a. artifacts
b. ecofacts
c. features
d. waste
ANSWER: b
Trang 6a. how people used natural resources
b. artistic innovations of past peoples
c. social stratification
d. early tool use
ANSWER: a
26. Which of these statements most accurately describes the goals of Cultural Resource Management (CRM)?
a. It is a type of contract archaeology in which the sites are excavated with the goal of presenting all evidence
in a museum-quality exhibit
b. It is public archaeology. As a result, it involves the preparation and use of volunteer citizens in the
excavation of public lands
c. It is considered the highest-quality scientific excavation on federal, provincial, or private lands
d. It focuses on conducting high-quality research in compliance with all laws relating to archaeological sites
excavated on federally funded building projects
ANSWER: d
27. Which of the following was one of the findings of the “Garbage Project” started by William Rathje in 1973?
a. In the early 17th century, there were important trade relations between the Great Lakes region of Canada and New Orleans. Much of this can be documented from ancient garbage dumps
b. The study of garbage was shown to be of little importance
c. The study documented that we know little about what ends up in landfills, which has important implications for urban planners
d. Early settlements in North America produced a surprising amount of garbage
ANSWER: c
28. A linguistic anthropologist is conducting research to determine whether people change the way they speak when talking to someone of the opposite gender. Which of these branches of linguistic anthropology is this
anthropologist involved in?
a. descriptive linguistics
b. ethnolinguistics
c. historical linguistics
d. sociolinguistics
ANSWER: d
Trang 729. A linguistic anthropologist is conducting research to determine the ways that a given language reflects cultural attitudes or shapes people’s perception of the world. Which of these branches of linguistic anthropology is this anthropologist involved in?
a. descriptive linguistics
b. ethnolinguistics
c. historical linguistics
d. sociolinguistics
ANSWER: b
30. Which of these statements is the best definition of anthropological linguistics?
a. the study of the sounds and grammatical systems in a specific language
b. the scientific study of human communication within its sociocultural context
c. the study of the relationship between language and culture
d. the scientific study of changes in languages through time
ANSWER: b
31. Which of these branches of linguistic anthropology deals with the emergence of language in general?
a. descriptive linguistics
b. biological linguistics
c. historical linguistics
d. sociolinguistics
ANSWER: b
32. A study of the residents of a retirement home would be an example of which of these areas of study?
a. ethnohistory
b. ethnolinguistics
c. ethnology
d. ethnography
ANSWER: b
Trang 8a. a detailed description of a particular group of people derived from an extensive period of living among them
b. a comparative study of the differences and similarities between two or more groups of people based on a series of brief visits with each group
c. a comparative study of the differences and similarities between two or more groups of people based on
extensive reading of the anthropological literature
d. a detailed description of a particular group of people derived from extensive archival research
ANSWER: a
34. Which of these statements is the best basic definition of ethnology?
a. a detailed description of a particular group of people derived from an extensive period of living among them
b. a study of the similarities between two or more groups of people based on a series of brief visits with each group
c. a comparative study of the differences and similarities between two or more groups of people based on
extensive reading of the anthropological literature
d. a detailed description of a particular group of people derived from extensive archival research
ANSWER: c
35. Which of these areas of specialization would involve the study of disease in prehistoric and pre-contact
populations?
a. historical linguistics
b. paleopathology
c. paleobotany
d. ethnomedicine
ANSWER: b
36. Which of these areas of specialization would involve the study of ideas about how to cure the common cold?
a. historical linguistics
b. paleopathology
c. paleobotany
d. ethnomedicine
ANSWER: d
Trang 9nanotechnology factory in a small, rural community?
a. educational anthropology
b. economic anthropology
c. medical anthropology
d. development anthropology
ANSWER: d
38. You are building a new suburban community near a protected wetlands area, and you need to address concerns regarding soil erosion, deforestation, and water treatment. Which of these types of anthropologists would you hire
to conduct the required research?
a. physical anthropologist
b. environmental anthropologist
c. educational anthropologist
d. medical anthropologist
ANSWER: b
39. Which guiding principle of anthropology involves looking at cultures as more than a simple collection of parts?
a. holism
b. cultural relativism
c. cultural complexity
d. the comparative approach
ANSWER: a
40. Which of these statements best defines the word “ethnocentrism”?
a. the practice of viewing other cultures as inherently valuable and interesting in their own right
b. the practice of viewing other cultures in terms of the values and beliefs of one’s own culture
c. the practice of recording unique languages
d. the practice of conducting ethnographic research
ANSWER: b
Trang 1041. If an anthropologist encounters a situation in which a man is allowed to be married to multiple women at the same time, and tries to understand that marriage system in terms of how it fits into the rest of the group’s cultural system, that anthropologist is employing what principle?
a. ethnomethodology
b. ethnocentrism
c. cultural relativism
d. cultural complexity
ANSWER: c
42. Under which of these circumstances would an anthropologist suspend cultural relativism?
a. when studying the practice of female circumcision
b. when studying the practice of leaving elderly people out in the cold to die
c. when studying a subculture prone to high rates of criminal activities
d. Anthropologists do not suspend the practice of cultural relativism in their work
ANSWER: d
43. Which approach emphasizes viewing another culture from the perspective of a member of that cultural group?
a. the etic approach
b. the emic approach
c. the ethnocentric approach
d. the extreme relativistic approach
ANSWER: b
44. When anthropologist Marvin Harris argued that Hindus in India do not eat beef because they give milk and their dung is used for fuel, he was adopting which anthropological approach?
a. the etic approach
b. the emic approach
c. the ethnocentric approach
d. the extreme relativistic approach
ANSWER: a
45. Which of these changes has resulted in a change to the focus of cultural anthropology?
a. new discoveries in neuroscience
b. the development of nanotechnology
c. globalization
d. intensification
ANSWER: c
Trang 11a. that all cultures have value and none is better than any other
b. that some cultures are more valuable than others because they are more developed
c. that all cultures face the same economic and social pressures
d. that all cultures will eventually learn to live in a more advanced way; in other words, more cultures will
become like our own
ANSWER: a
47. Nancy Scheper-Hughes has conducted research into transplant tourism. Which of these statements describes transplant tourism?
a. a type of long-term cultural exchange in which tourists visit a destination for a prolonged period of time
b. a type of tourism in which people travel, usually to economically marginal destinations, in search of organ donors
c. a type of tourism that involves short-term anthropological research experiences for non-anthropologists
d. There is no such thing as “transplant tourism.”
ANSWER: b
48. Anthropologist Nancy Scheper-Hughes has done important research on which of these topics?
a. lower-order primates
b. female-headed households in Jamaica
c. commodification of human organs
d. cognitive development of malnourished children in Toronto
ANSWER: c
49. Which of these statements is the best description of the study of cultural anthropology?
a. It will provide students with a better understanding of their own culture, provide insights into the lives of
people from different cultures, and give a better understanding of world events
b. It will provide students with a detailed knowledge of other cultures and our prehistoric past, but has little to offer in terms of understanding the contemporary world
c. It is a very esoteric discipline and of little relevance to the complexities of the world today
d. It involves the study of non-Western and non-industrialized people only
ANSWER: a