Test bank for constitutional law and the criminal justice system 7th edition by harr

The principle that government should have power distributed, and be limited by a system of laws that must be obeyed bythose who rule, is known as:... ANSWER: The purpose of the Constitu

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KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering

DATE CREATED: 1/6/2017 5:52 AM

DATE MODIFIED: 1/8/2017 11:34 PM

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coexisted in 1775 in the land that would become the United States of America andwhich of these groups U.S. history tends to ignore

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11. The principle that government should have power distributed, and be limited by a system of laws that must be obeyed bythose who rule, is known as:

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27. The Amendment that contains the famous Due Process Clause, “nor shall any person be deprived of life, liberty, or propertywithout due process of law,” is the:

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34. As a result of the Boston Tea Party, the British Parliament restricted town meetings in American colonies to one a year andrequired British troops to be housed in private homes

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35. Thomas Jefferson was selected to coordinate writing a formal announcement, which would become known as theDeclaration of Independence.

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b. False

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49. Colonists who supported the boycott of British goods in the colonies were known as _, because theyvowed allegiance to America rather than to the British monarchy

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ANSWER: The purpose of the Constitution was to establish a central government with limited powers

delegated to it by the people. The balance of power is achieved through vertical separation

of powers between the federal and state governments, and lateral separation of powersbetween the legislative, executive, and judicial branches

economically dependent upon slave labor. The Northern states, one by one, had abolishedslavery. However, the agrarian South, on the eve of the Civil War, had four million slaves

—slavery was interwoven into their economy. When the Northern states pressed for theabolition of slavery, the Southern states asserted state’s rights and secession, leading tothe Civil War. If slavery had been abolished in the 18th century, many of the underlyingreasons for the Civil War would never have occurred

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ANSWER: Potential existed for conflicts to arise from future laws established by either the federal

government or the various state governments. In the Supremacy Clause, the Constitutiondeclared itself the supreme law of the land. Thus, in all matters over which the Constitutiongrants the federal government authority, the states must concede

ANSWER: The student can pick either of the two balances of power to describe. What is important

is that the student demonstrates an understanding that powers not specifically delegated

to the federal government were reserved for the states and the people. This balance ofpower has led to some controversies over issues such as segregation, education,transportation, and environmental concerns. With respect to the checks and balancesbetween the three branches of government, the president has veto power, but Congresscan override with a two-thirds majority vote. The president nominates Supreme CourtJustices, but the legislative branch confirms or denies denomination. The president iscommander-in-chief, but the legislative branch declares war and pays for it. Acts of theexecutive and the legislature are reviewable by the judiciary in the form of the SupremeCourt. If the student examines these issues thoroughly to justify choosing either of the twobalances of power, vertical or horizontal, the answer should receive full credit

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ANSWER: Federalists and Anti-Federalists disputed how weak or strong a central government should

be. They also disagreed on the way to balance government power against the rights of statesand individuals. Resolution came via adoption of the Bill of Rights to ensure the individual rights

ANSWER: If the executive and legislative branches were not subject to judicial scrutiny, one might

argue that both of these branches would push the boundaries of their power, whichcould result in greater conflict as each tried to achieve dominance over the other

Additionally, the executive and judicial branches could further reduce the power of thecourt system, without worrying about their actions being ruled unconstitutional. Theexecutive branch potentially could become the more powerful and dominant among thethree branches. This could lead to stability, but increased power might also lead to an over-centralization of power, to the detriment of individual rights. The student should wrestlewith the implications of a lost balance of power, and should demonstrate an awareness ofthe possible impacts of this type of government on the efficiency and fairness of thesystem

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answers

ANSWER: Arguably, each of the amendments can be seen as the most or the least important. What

is most relevant in grading this answer is that the student demonstrates an understanding

of just what the chosen best and worst amendments actually say, and that the studentjustifies the choices in a coherent, well-structured short answer

ANSWER: This question will differ from student to student, but each student should adequately justify

the choice and recognize how it may or may not be inconsistent with any of the prior 27amendments to the Constitution

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