Research aims On the basis of theoretical and practical research on educating reliance for 3-4 year-old children through daily routines at the kindergarten,the thesis offers some solutio
Trang 1LE THI HUYEN
EDUCATING SELF-RELIANCE FOR CHILDREN
AT THE AGES OF 3-4 THROUGH DAILY ACTIVITIES IN
National University of Education
Trang 2Reviewer 1: Prof Phan Van Kha
The VietNam Institute of Educational Sciences
Reviewer 2: Assoc Prof Pho Duc Hoa
HaNoi National University of Educatoin
Reviewer 3: Assoc Prof Nguyen Thi Ha Lan
Hong Duc University
The thesis will be defended at the Board of Examiners of Hanoi
National University of Education
At time day month year 2020.
This thesis is publicly available at:
National Library of Vietnam, Hanoi
Or Library of Hanoi National University of Education
Trang 31 Rationale
Self-reliance is an important quality of personality
In early childhood education, educating self-reliance for children is atop goal, in order to meet the core competence in education nowadayswhich is autonomy and demands for children in modern society Morespecifically, for 3-4 year-old children, there has been the need for self-reliance which they want to prove themselves by "practicing to be anadult", desire to do it themselves, and handle the same tasks as adultswithout the help from adults Therefore, this is an opportunity to educateself-reliance for children
Approach towards daily routines is an effective means in educatingself-reliance for children Children can have chance to take part in a lot ofmeaningful activities which are suitable with children’s real lives Throughdaily activities, children are created great environment to develop theirself-reliance
In fact, educating self-reliance for children has been applied infamilies and kindergartens However, through real surveys, this educatingmethod at the kindergartens still has limitations which need to beimplemented and adapted to be able to get success
From theoretical and practical basis, the title “Educating self-reliancefor 3-4 year-old children through daily activities at the kindergarten” ischosen to research
2 Research aims
On the basis of theoretical and practical research on educating reliance for 3-4 year-old children through daily routines at the kindergarten,the thesis offers some solutions in educating children in order to increase theresults of educating self-reliance for 3-4 year-old children
self-3 Research subject and object
Trang 4The children at the ages of 3-4 have the demands of doing something
by themselves in daily activities Teaching approach focuses onstimulating the children to show off their needs which they want to do bythemselves and create chances for them to participate in activities whichencourage children’s self-awareness,
5.3 Suggesting and experimenting some educational measures onself-reliance for 3-4 year-old children through daily activities at thekindergarten
6 The scope of research
6.1 With research contents
Research on educational measures on self-reliance for 3-4 year-oldchildren through daily activities at the kindergarten
6.2 With research object
- 80 pre-school teachers teaching for 3-4 year-old children
- 120 children (from 3-4 years old)
- 120 parents (who are parents of children participating in the survey)
6.3 With research area
The thesis focuses on researching in 8 kindergartens in Thanh Hoacity (practice kindergarten of Hong Duc university, Quang Tamkindergarten, Lam Son kindergarten, An Hoach kindergarten, Dong Thokindergarten, Truong Thi A kindergarten, Truong Thi B kindergarten,
Trang 5Ngoc Trao kindergarten)
7 Approaching perspectives and research methodology
8 Theoretical points defensed
8.1 Pre-school children at the ages of 3-4 have the needs of
self-reliance They themselves can do some work in daily life under theguidance of the adults when necessary
8.2 3-4 year-old children’s self-reliance is formed and developed
when they are active and usually have chances to do things by themselves
in daily routines
8.3 Daily routines at kindergarten are suitable means to educate
self-reliance for children at the ages of 3-4 Teachers apply daily routines inteaching via the orientation of promoting the advantages of each activity(eating, sleeping, playing, studying, working, doing personal hygiene,…)which stimulate children to show their needs and desires to do it bythemselves Besides, this may create opportunities for children to practiceand experience things surround them
9 New contributions of the thesis
9.1 Enriching the theory of independent education for children aged
3 to 4 years through daily routines at preschool
9.2 Suggesting some educational measures on self-reliance for 3-4
year-old children through daily activities in some kindergartens in Thanh Hoa City
9.3 Building the subject "Educating self-reliance for 3-4 year-old
children through daily activities in some kindergartens " for studentsspecialized in preschool education Using as a reference for preschoolteachers and parents in the educational process of educating self-reliancefor 3-4 year-old children
10 Structure of the thesis
Trang 6In addition to the Introduction, Conclusions and Recommendations,the study content consists of 3 chapters:
Chapter 1: Overview and theoretical basis of educating self-reliance
for 3-4 year-old children through daily activities in some kindergartens
Chapter 2: Current situation of educating self-reliance for 3-4 year-old
children through daily activities in some kindergartens in Thanh Hoa City
Chapter 3: Measures on educating self-reliance for 3-4 year-old children
through daily activities in some kindergartens and experimental measures
Conclusion and suggestions
CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW AND THEORETICAL BASIS OF EDUCATING SELF- RELIANCE FOR 3-4 YEAR-OLD CHILDREN THROUGH DAILY
ACTIVITIES IN SOME KINDERGARTENS
1.1 OVERVIEW
1.1.1 Research on children’s self-reliance
Educating self-reliance for children through daily routines wasresearched by the scientists in the world in general and those in Vietnam inspecific They carried out their study via some different directions:
1.1.1.1 Research on the nature of children’s self-reliance
The researchers: E M .Stepanov, A.M.Zhirikov, S Teplyuk, L V.Marantseva, K.P Kuzovkova, G.G Alekseeva, Nguyễn HồngThuận….considered self-reliance as a quality of personality
The researchers: S.L Rubinshtein,Yuri Serov, E M Stepanova,N.N Bukina considered self-reliance as an active status of each person
The researchers: L.A Porebska, A.M Markidonova, G.N Godina,
E.O Smirnova considered self-reliance as a working ability of each person.
1.1.1.2 Research on the formation and development of children’s reliance
Trang 7self-N Frenck, Yuri Serov, S.self-N.Teplyuk, A.A Lyublinskaya, NguyenHong Thuan, Nguyen Anh Tuyet, … show that children’s self-reliance isformed right from the age of pre-school and developed through self-awareness of themselves and demands to do it by themselves.
L.A Porebska, Yuri Serov, A.A Lyublinskaya, suppose that reliance is formed through each period of time with gradually complicatedexpressions At first, children imitate adults’ actions and then act in their ownways with their creativeness
1.1.1.3 Research on the psychological structure of children’s reliance
self-The psychological structure of children is solved by the researchers
with different approaches (S.A Zvereva, G.N Godina, T.A Vlasova, I.
Molnar, T.S Borisova…) However, viewpoints about the psychologicalelements of children, including awareness, attitudes and behaviors arementioned by many researchers
1.1.1.4 Research on factors affecting the formation and development of children’s self-reliance
1.1.2 Research on educating self-reliance for children
1.1.3 Research on educating self-reliance for children through daily routines at the kindergarten
1.1.3.1 Research on the role of daily routines in the process of educating self-reliance for children
1.1.3.2 Research on educational content of children’s self-reliance through daily routines at the kindergarten
1.1.3.3 Research on the approach daily routines as means to educating self-reliance for children at the ages of 3-4
1.2 THE BASIC CONCEPTS
1.2.1 The concept of self-reliance of children aged 3-4 years old
Self-reliance is a quality of personality recognized on the basis thatindividuals have demands and ability to express and carry out those
Trang 8demands without the help from other people Besides, they may alwaysmake their efforts and themselves have responsibility for personalactivities in order to achieve aims given.
1.2.2 The definition of 3-4 year-old children’s self-reliance
Self-reliance of 3-4 year-old children is a psychological quality which
is expressed in the ability of making choices, acting and managing bythemselves together with their efforts to achieve aims given
1.2.3 Concept of daily routines of children in preschool
The thesis uses the concept of daily routines in accordance with thePreschool Education Program of the Ministry of Education and Training,specifically: “Living mode is the distribution of time and activities per day
at a preschool in reasonable ways to meet the psychological andphysiological needs of children, thereby help them to form positiveattitudes, habits and life skills ”
1.2.4 The concept of educating self-reliance for children aged 3-4 through daily routines at preschool
Educating self- reliance for children at the ages of 3 - 4 through dailyroutines is a process that has the interaction between the educators andchildren through organizing daily activities in teaching in order to formand develop self- reliance for children
1.3 SELF-RELIANCE OF KINDERGARTEN AT 3-4 YEAST
AT KINDERGARTEN SCHOOLS
1.3.1 The role of self-reliance towards the personal development
of children aged 3-4 years old
1.3.2 the psychological structure of 3-4 year-old children’s reliance
self-1.3.3 Some developmental characteristics of 3-4 year-old children related to the formation and development of self-reliance
1.3.4 The formation and development of 3-4 year-old children’s reliance
1.3.5 The expressions of 3-4 year-old children’s self-reliance
Trang 91.4 SOME ISSUES OF SELF – RELIANCE EDUCATION FOR CHILDREN 3-4 OLD THROGH DAILY ROUTINES AT PRESCHOOL SCHOOL
1.4.1 Daily routines of children at preschool
1.4.1.1 The role of the daily routines in educating self-reliance for children aged 3-4 years old
1.4.1.2 The content of daily routines for children aged 3-4 years old in preschool
1.4.2 Educating self-reliance for children aged 3-4 years old through daily routines at preschool
1.4.2.1 The objective of educating self-reliance for children from 3
to 4 years old through the daily activities at preschool
1.4.2.2 The content of educating self-reliance for children aged
3-4 through daily activities at preschool
1.4.2.3 Methods of educating children's self-reliance through daily activities in preschool
1.4.2.4 Measures to educate self-reliance for children aged 3-4 years old through daily routines at preschool
Measures to educate self-reliance for children aged 3-4 years oldthrough daily routines at preschool is the specific approach that teachersapply into teaching in order to educate self-reliance for children
1.4.2.5 The Form of educating sef-reliance for children aged 3 to
4 years old through daily routines in preschools
1.4.2.6 Evaluating the results of educating self-reliance for children at the ages of 3-4 through daily routines at preschool
1.4.3 The factors affecting the education of self-reliance for 3-4 year-old children (Children themselves, their family, the kindergarten)
Trang 103 Education of self-reliance for children 3-4 years old through dailyactivities is actually the process of teachers organizing daily activities toeducate self-reliance for children 3-4 years old Children are self-employedand self-participated in daily activities They can self-express all needs,practice, experience in specific activities and situations, thereby form anddevelop their self-reliance.
4 Measures educating self-reliance for children aged 3 - 4 years oldare specific approaches which teachers apply in the process of organizingdaily activities to educate children’s self-reliance The measures helpteachers have favorable conditions to promote children's personal factors,minimize the help of teachers, promote all potentials of individuals,contribute to improve results of educating self-reliance for children aged 3-
4 years old
CHAPTER 2 CURRENT SITUATION OF EDUCATING SELF-RELIANCE FOR CHILDREN AGED 3 - 4 YEARS OLD THROUGH DAILY
Trang 1180 teachers who taught and are teaching children.
120 children (3-4 years old)
120 parents (parents of 120 children taking part in the survey)
2.1.5 Time and places where the survey was carried out:
- The survey was conducted in 8 kindergartens in Thanh Hoa city ,Thanh Hoa province (kindergarten in Hong Duc university, Quang Tamkindergarten, Lam Son kindergarten, An Hoach kindergarten, Dong Thokindergarten, Hoa Mai kindergarten, Ngoc Trao kindergarten, Hoang Lykindergarten)
* Period of time when the survey was carried out: From February in
self-* Building criteria to evaluate 3-4 year-old children’s self-reliance
- Criterion 1: Doing something by themselves (about behavior)Index 1: Children do some things by their own decision (in personalhygiene, hygiene in eating, studying, playing, working, );
Trang 12Index 2: Children know how to perform the assigned tasksthemselves; real-life situations;
Index 3: Children know to seek help when needed (Thanks toteachers, friends ) to complete the task
- Criterion 2: Having responsibilities (about attitudes)
Index 1: Children express their needs and desires through wordsand actions
Index 2: Children show joy and love when they are able to do it themselvesIndex 3: Children focus on activities, do not leave the job unfinished
- Criterion 3: Self-determination (About awareness)
Index 1: Children make their own decisions and choose the workthey like to do (Children can wash their hands, wash their own faces, cleantheir own tables, wear their own slippers );
Index 2: Children understand their tasks to be done by themselves,
no one does for them (Wash their hands, wash their faces, feed themselves,wear shoes, take away toys by themselves );
Index 3: Children try to complete their favorite jobs and assignedtasks
* Assessment scale of Self-reliance
To assess the level of self-reliance on each criterion, we create therating scale with 3 levels:
High level: 6 <High ≤ 9
Average: 3 <Average ≤ 6
Low level: Low ≤ 3
* Ways to evaluate the levels of children’s self-reliance
- Train teachers on criteria and how to evaluate children.
- Teachers carry out the survey on the levels of 3-4 year-old
children’s self-reliance through the system of exercises which is used to dosurvey at the beginning of the research (research on the current situations,
Trang 13appendix 3) and through daily routines (appendix 4) by:
+ Using exercises to create situations which children can join,teachers observe and base on the criteria to determine scores for eachcriterion and determine average scores of 3 criteria for each situation oreach task
+ Combining observing, filming children’s activities, makingconversations, taking notes about the expressions of children’s self-reliancethrough daily routines at kindergarten (appendix 4)
+ Analyzing videos in the process that children do something in order to
be able to get qualitative feedbacks and support quantitative analysis moreeffectively
+ Analyzing and combining qualitative approach and quantitativeone to determine the levels obtained from each criterion
2.2 SURVEY RESULTS
2.2.1 The reality of educating self-reliance for children aged 3-4 years old through daily activities in some kindergartens in Thanh Hoa City
2.2.1.1 The reslity of the teacher
• The reality of teacher's awareness towards the need of educating self-reliance for children aged 3-4 years old.
Survey results show that most of teachers are aware that educating reliance for children is essential There are just a few teachers who stillwonder, hesitate and do not determine whether educating self-reliance forchildren is needed or not
self-• Real situation of content of educating self-reliance for children from 3 to 4 years old which teachers apply into the class through daily activities.
Results show that most of teachers have good awareness of thecontents which are needed to use to educate self-reliance for children.However, in fact, in terms of organizing plans applying daily routines in