__________ theorized that government is formed to protect life, liberty, and property, but if government violates the social contract with the people, the people have the duty to end the
Trang 11. Democracy in the United States derives its powers from
a. the Constitution
b. the Declaration of Independence
c. the U.S. Supreme Court
d. citizens
e. natural law
ANSWER: d
2. A significant issue the government faces today is
a. a decrease in the national debt
b. a decrease in global competition and foreign trade
c. an increasing gap in the income and wealth of individuals
d. the availability of homes for purchase
e. an abundance of available social welfare funding
ANSWER: c
3. can be defined as “who gets what, when, and how.”
a. Politics
b. Government
c. Institutions
d. Social contracts
e. Democracy
ANSWER: a
4. The struggle over power or influence within organizations or informal groups that can grant or withhold benefits or privileges is known as
a. aristocracy
b. authority
c. government
d. legitimacy
e. politics
ANSWER: e
Trang 25. refers to the preeminent institution in which decisions are made that resolve conflicts or allocates benefits and privileges
a. Bureaucracy
b. Government
c. Democracy
d. Politics
e. Socialization
ANSWER: b
6. Which doctrine supports the belief that a leader's authority is conferred directly by God, and is not subject to the
authority of the church or the people?
a. theory of enlightenment
b. self-actualization
c. divine right of kings
d. trinity doctrine
e. social contract
ANSWER: c
7. One of the most enduring shared American political values is
a. a belief in wealth distribution
b. a belief about the right to privacy
c. a belief about the appropriate size and purpose of government
d. a belief in the rule of law
e. a belief in monarchical rule
ANSWER: d
8. The theory that individuals form communities by mutual consent, giving up some of their individual liberty in order to gain the protection of government, is known as
a. divine right
b. social contract
c. the Leviathan agreement
d. communitarianism
e. elitism
ANSWER: b
Trang 3a. would be nasty, violent, and short
b. would be free of unnecessary intrusions
c. would resemble the Age of Enlightenment
d. is unnecessary, given man’s inherent qualities
e. is a utopian ideal
ANSWER: a
10. When the local mayor is arrested for shoplifting, and the store decides to press charges much as it would for any
shoplifter, this is a demonstration of
a. eminent domain
b. property rights
c. habeas corpus
d. rule of law
e. social contract theory
ANSWER: d
11. theorized that government is formed to protect life, liberty, and property, but if government violates the social contract with the people, the people have the duty to end the abusive government and establish a new
government
a. Thomas Hobbes
b. Thomas Jefferson
c. John Locke
d. Harold Lasswell
e. Alexander Hamilton
ANSWER: c
12. is the basis for power and legitimacy in American democracy
a. Consent of the governed
b. Universal suffrage
c. One man, one vote
d. Rights to life and liberty
e. Majority rule
ANSWER: a
Trang 4a. politics
b. political culture
c. political socialization
d. socialism
e. a social contract
ANSWER: b
14. The transmission of political culture to individuals from families, schools, houses of worships, and the media is known
as political
a. science
b. transmission
c. socialization
d. dissemination
e. passage
ANSWER: c
15. After 9/11, the government of the United States acted in a manner that
a. emphasized liberty over security
b. emphasized security over liberty
c. dismissed the significance of both security and liberty
d. elevated the significance of both security and liberty
e. completely reversed all traditional political values
ANSWER: b
16. During times of threats to national security such as the Civil War, World War II and the McCarthy era, Americans have supported the increased actions of government to
a. take control of corporations
b. limit religious freedom
c. limit civil liberties
d. increase free speech rights
e. increase tolerance to diversity
ANSWER: c
Trang 517. The advancement and protection of individual liberties, like the right to , are part of the foundation of the social contract theory of government.
a. advanced education
b. property
c. vote
d. privacy
e. religious freedom
ANSWER: e
18. The oldest purpose of government is to
a. maintain order by protecting members of society from violence and criminal activity
b. print money and control the economy
c. guarantee freedom and liberty for all people
d. act to protect the rights of the minority
e. establish benefits for the most wealthy and influential in society
ANSWER: a
19. As a political value, equality is defined as the idea that all people
a. should make the same amount of money
b. should be in a position to succeed economically
c. should have equal access to their elected representatives
d. have access to the courts to enforce their rights
e. are of equal worth
ANSWER: e
20. Political leaders in the United States initially extended equal treatment to
a. men who owned property
b. men who had been born in the 13 colonies
c. white men and women
d. all men regardless of race
e. all citizens
ANSWER: a
Trang 6a. supported the ideals of women's suffrage and abolition, while the Framers did not
b. did not define all individuals as full persons
c. meant equal in a moral sense, not a political or legal view
d. equated a person with royalty
e. failed to consider the rights of the monarchy
ANSWER: b
22. The concept of private ownership of property and a relatively open market for goods, services, and investments is part
of the economic system known as
a. capitalism
b. egalitarianism
c. communism
d. totalitarianism
e. socialism
ANSWER: a
23. refers to the right of government to take private land for public use, in return for just compensation
a. Foreclosure
b. Social order
c. Eminent domain
d. Economic referendum
e. Democracy
ANSWER: c
24. Totalitarianism means
a. a government of independent states unified under a single ruler
b. a condition of having no government and no laws
c. people elect officials to make decisions for them for a specific period of time
d. that government controls all facets of the religious, business, educational and political lives of the people
e. the ultimate authority is vested in the people
ANSWER: d
Trang 7a. China
b. North Korea
c. Afghanistan
d. South Korea
e. Ukraine
ANSWER: b
26. Much of the terminology used today to describe the distribution of political power is derived from the
a. ancient Egyptians
b. ancient Greeks
c. ancient Romans
d. English
e. French
ANSWER: b
27. The absence of any form of government or political authority is called
a. a regime
b. totalitarianism
c. aristocracy
d. anarchy
e. oligarchy
ANSWER: d
28. A system in which government is fully controlled by the ruler(s), but social and economic institutions are not under control of the government, is called
a. totalitarianism
b. absolutism
c. socialism
d. democratic socialism
e. authoritarianism
ANSWER: e
Trang 8a. Louisiana’s use of the parish
b. New England town meetings
c. Somalia during the 1990s
d. Soviet Union in the twenty-first century
e. the Electoral College system
ANSWER: b
30. Initiative, referendum, and recall are examples of
a. oligarchy
b. representative democracy
c. anarchy
d. direct democracy
e. direct egalitarianism
ANSWER: d
31. The Framers of the Constitution did not create a direct democracy because
a. it wasn’t the best way to resist manipulative politicians
b. direct democracy had never been used before
c. the people had expressed support for a government similar to a monarchy
d. they were worried about the efficiency of ballot counting mechanisms
e. they believed the rights of the minority would be suppressed by the dominating majority
ANSWER: e
32. The Framers of the Constitution chose to create a(n)
a. republic
b. limited constitutional monarchy
c. totalitarian regime
d. authoritarian regime
e. oligarchic regime
ANSWER: a
33. In a republic, there is no
a. legislative body
b. rule of law
c. separation of powers
d. bureaucracy
e. monarch
ANSWER: e
Trang 9a. a single ruler controls all aspects of the government, but not economic and social institutions
b. a single ruler controls all aspects of the government as well as economic and social institutions
c. representatives are elected by the people to make and enforce laws and policies
d. representatives are appointed by a ruler to create laws and policies for the population
e. each individual person has an equal voice in the role and responsibilities of government
ANSWER: c
35. Representative democracy almost always has the same definition as
a. republican democracy
b. direct democracy
c. popular sovereignty
d. democratic republic
e. universal suffrage
ANSWER: d
36. The United States did not truly become a representative democracy until
a. 1789
b. the Civil War
c. 1920
d. the New Deal
e. the 1960s
ANSWER: e
37. Modern democracies rely on majority rule and also work hard to protect
a. monarchy rights
b. minority rights
c. equality of outcome
d. majority will
e. expanded government
ANSWER: b
38. Free and competitive elections are necessary for
a. the continued existence of a representative democracy
b. a totalitarian regime to succeed and demonstrate its legitimacy
c. direct democracy to occur
d. citizens to have justifiable pride in their country
e. all people, regardless of citizenship status, to have a voice in their government
ANSWER: a
Trang 10national government can and cannot do is called
a. limited government
b. popular sovereignty
c. representative democracy
d. majority rule
e. majoritarianism
ANSWER: a
40. The concept that in a democracy the government should listen to what most people want is known as
a. limited government
b. majoritarianism
c. elitism
d. pluralism
e. totalitarianism
ANSWER: b
41. The flaw with majoritarianism that can be harmful is that
a. the majority can make decisions that are restrictive to the minority group
b. the decisions are difficult to enforce
c. a group of elites can become the decision makers
d. interest groups can become the decision makers
e. it doesn't take into account the beliefs of ordinary citizens
ANSWER: a
42. A perspective holding that society is really ruled by a small number of people who exercise power to further their self-interest is
a. majoritarian theory
b. personality theory
c. elite theory
d. pluralistic theory
e. interest group theory
ANSWER: c
Trang 1143. According to studies mentioned in the text, which of the following is likely to be more tolerant of diversity and defend civil liberties?
a. mass public
b. elites
c. coalitions
d. socialists
e. conservatives
ANSWER: b
44. Pluralist theory proposes that people’s interests are protected by
a. interest groups
b. political parties
c. the majority
d. elected representatives
e. elites
ANSWER: a
45. Political scientist E.E. Schattschneider criticized pluralist theory by saying, “The flaw in the pluralist heaven is that the heavenly chorus sings .”
a. only to deities
b. for the chorus itself
c. for the populous
d. with a strong upper-class accent
e. with an outdated songbook
ANSWER: d
46. The comprehensive set of beliefs about the nature of people and the role of government is known as
a. ideology
b. value system
c. political science
d. political socialization
e. political culture
ANSWER: a
Trang 1247. would strongly support property rights and oppose attempts to regulate personal behavior and regulate moral values
a. Liberals
b. Conservatives
c. Traditionalists
d. Activists
e. Libertarians
ANSWER: e
48. The belief in individuals being responsible for their well-being, a limited role of government, and a support for policies favoring traditional values are characteristics of
a. liberalism
b. conservatism
c. libertarianism
d. totalitarianism
e. socialism
ANSWER: b
49. is the belief that government should take an active role in reducing poverty and regulating the economy, support civil rights, and have a tolerance for social change
a. Libertarianism
b. Conservatism
c. Liberalism
d. Totalitarianism
e. Socialism
ANSWER: c
50. A socialist would likely be in favor of the
a. prohibition of workers unions and trade organizations
b. elimination of the Social Security and Medicare programs
c. government taking over the oil industry to regulate gasoline and fuel oil prices
d. privatization of the national park system
e. elimination of a federal hourly minimum wage
ANSWER: c
Trang 13ideologies are variants of this ideology.
a. liberal
b. conservative
c. elitist
d. socialist
e. libertarian
ANSWER: a
52. Today, libertarians sometimes refer to themselves as
a. neoliberals
b. orthodox liberals
c. classical liberals
d. classical conservatives
e. orthodox conservatives
ANSWER: c
53. believe in less government, support for capitalism and private property, and allowing individuals to
pursue their own route to achievement with little government interference
a. Fundamental conservatives
b. Essential conservatives
c. Economic conservatives
d. Fiduciary conservatives
e. Moderate conservatives
ANSWER: c
54. conservatives oppose abortion, support the death penalty, support the right to own firearms, and oppose gay marriage
a. Hardline
b. Social
c. Kindred
d. Affinity
e. Classical
ANSWER: b
Trang 14students for his positions which
a. provide for free college tuition for all deserving students
b. urge military involvement in global humanitarian crises
c. support government oversight in economic, education and social matters
d. strongly favor personal freedoms
e. advocate increasing affirmative action and minority reparations
ANSWER: d
56. According to the text, a major change the United States will face in the coming years is
a. the possibility of revolts against state governments
b. the increase in the number of nation-states in the world
c. the continuing failure of small farmers and decline of food sources
d. a dramatic increase in its population growth
e. a decline in its economic dominance
ANSWER: e
57. Demographically, the United States is becoming a(n)
a. elderly nation with the bulk of its citizens over age 65
b. middle-aged nation with a stagnant population
c. middle-aged nation with a growing population of elderly
d. youth-oriented nation with the bulk of its citizens under age 30
e. youth-oriented nation with rapidly-rising birthrates
ANSWER: c
58. An increased demand on Social Security and Medicare in the U.S. can be linked to the
a. declining birth rate
b. increasing number of apathetic voters
c. declining income of workers 20 to 35 years old
d. increasing number of immigrants
e. increasing number of senior citizens
ANSWER: e
Trang 15a. 23.4
b. 25
c. 37.2
d. 40
e. 52.7
ANSWER: c
60. A Hispanic is someone who claims heritage from
a. the island of Hispaniola
b. nations of the North American continent
c. Spanish conquistadors
d. both English-speaking and Spanish speaking ancestors
e. a Spanish-speaking country other than Spain
ANSWER: e
61. Why is the growing Hispanic population politically important?
a. Hispanics are more likely to vote on issues, rather than affiliate with a political party
b. Hispanics give the majority of their support to Democratic candidates
c. Hispanics have the highest rate of new voter registration of any ethnic group
d. Hispanics have the highest rate of voter participation of any ethnic group
e. Hispanics give the majority of their support to third-party candidates
ANSWER: b
62. One of the major challenges of globalization is
a. the dual citizenship of many of those employed by multinational corporations
b. the lack of an easy way to pay for goods and services in a global economy
c. that multinational corporations are accountable only to the country where the business began
d. that it tends to drive up prices for all Western consumers
e. that no single government can regulate multinational corporations
ANSWER: e
63. In Thomas Friedman's The World is Flat, the author makes the case that globalization
a. has actually disconnected more people than it has connected
b. will bring about the downfall of humankind
c. and technology are intertwined
d. is strictly for wealthy nations, looking to dominate
e. is strictly for poor nations who are looking to rise
ANSWER: c