Test bank for a human voyage exploring biological anthropology 2nd edition by keenleyside

Which science studies human and primate origins, variation, and evolution?ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: p.. Why was Franz Boas’s work in biological anthropology especially influentia

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1 Which science studies human and primate origins, variation, and evolution?

ANSWER: a

POINTS: 1

REFERENCES: p 4

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s Remember

2 Which of the following best describes North American anthropology?

ANSWER: a

POINTS: 1

REFERENCES: p 6

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s Higher Order

3 In Canada and the United States, how many major subfields does anthropology have?

a 3

b 4

c 5

d 6

ANSWER: c

POINTS: 1

REFERENCES: p 6

4 Which of the following is a reason why anthropology is a holistic discipline?

ANSWER: a

POINTS: 1

REFERENCES: p 6

5 Which of the following does the term “biocultural” refer to?

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c changes in human culture from generation to generation

ANSWER: b

POINTS: 1

REFERENCES: p 8

6 According to the text, which of the following best defines cultural anthropology?

ANSWER: d

POINTS: 1

REFERENCES: p 8

7 Which of the following best describes the role of archaeologists?

ANSWER: c

POINTS: 1

REFERENCES: p 8

8 What is the name for the subdiscipline of anthropology concerned with various aspects of human language?

ANSWER: b

POINTS: 1

REFERENCES: p 8

9 What is osteology?

ANSWER: c

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POINTS: 1

REFERENCES: p 10

10 Osteologists aim to do what with their research?

ANSWER: a

POINTS: 1

REFERENCES: p 10

11 If an anthropologist works with teams of local stakeholders in order to design and conduct their research, you would say they are doing what kind of research?

ANSWER: d

POINTS: 1

REFERENCES: p 10

12 What do biological anthropologists hope to learn by conducting stable isotope analyses of a deceased person’s

remains?

ANSWER: b

POINTS: 1

REFERENCES: p 11

13 What technique would you use to reconstruct the age at which children were weaned in a past population?

ANSWER: d

POINTS: 1

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REFERENCES: p 11

14 Which subfield of biological anthropology studies ancient disease?

ANSWER: b

POINTS: 1

REFERENCES: p 12

15 If you were investigating the origins of syphilis, which of the following would you be studying?

ANSWER: c

POINTS: 1

REFERENCES: p 12

16 What is the name for the study of human evolution using fossils?

ANSWER: d

POINTS: 1

REFERENCES: p 12

17 Which of the following terms is used to classify all humans and our bipedal ancestors?

c Homo sapiens

ANSWER: b

POINTS: 1

REFERENCES: p 12

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18 Which of the following do human biologists study?

ANSWER: b

POINTS: 1

REFERENCES: p 13

19 Which of the following does anthropometry involve?

ANSWER: a

POINTS: 1

REFERENCES: p 13

20 Which branch of anthropology helps us understand population diversity at the level of genes and their products?

ANSWER: d

POINTS: 1

REFERENCES: p 14

21 The rate at which researchers were able to identify DNA sequences in 2004 increased by how may fold in 2011?

ANSWER: d

POINTS: 1

REFERENCES: p 14

22 Biological anthropologists reconstruct evolutionary events and population histories through the examination of what?

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c mitochondrial throughput

ANSWER: a

POINTS: 1

REFERENCES: p 14

23 Your research involves observing the parenting behaviours of spider monkeys Which of the following are you?

ANSWER: a

POINTS: 1

REFERENCES: p 15

24 Why are primatologists interested in keystone species?

ANSWER: c

POINTS: 1

REFERENCES: p 16

25 Which anthropologists work with local police forces in order to identify human remains?

ANSWER: d

POINTS: 1

REFERENCES: p 16

26 Which of the following is the primary interest of medical anthropologists?

c the interplay of culture, biology, and medicine in traditional and Western societies

ANSWER: c

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POINTS: 1

REFERENCES: p 18

27 Which of the following did Sherwood Washburn’s vision of a new biological anthropology include?

ANSWER: a

POINTS: 1

REFERENCES: p 18

28 In the past, biological anthropology investigated varieties of “mankind.” Which of the following does it focus on

today?

ANSWER: d

POINTS: 1

REFERENCES: p 19

29 If you were inclined to put your classmates in distinct groups based upon the shapes of their skulls, which figure in the history of biological anthropology would you most admire?

ANSWER: a

POINTS: 1

REFERENCES: p 19

30 If you view biological diversity as being the result of dynamic interactions between organisms and their environments, you are taking what kind of approach to your research?

ANSWER: b

POINTS: 1

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REFERENCES: p 19

31 Before the Second World War, which of the following were biological anthropologists most interested in?

ANSWER: b

POINTS: 1

REFERENCES: p 20

32 In 1925, who discovered and reported on the first Australopithecus africanus fossil?

ANSWER: b

POINTS: 1

REFERENCES: p 20

33 Davidson Black was a Canadian anatomist For which of the following is he best remembered?

ANSWER: b

POINTS: 1

REFERENCES: p 20

34 What was the Piltdown Man?

ANSWER: c

POINTS: 1

REFERENCES: p 20

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35 Why was Franz Boas’s work in biological anthropology especially influential?

ANSWER: d

POINTS: 1

REFERENCES: p 21

36 The social philosophy proposing that humankind might be improved through direct intervention in reproduction is

called what?

ANSWER: b

POINTS: 1

REFERENCES: p 21

37 What are ossuaries?

ANSWER: a

POINTS: 1

REFERENCES: p 21

38 When did biological anthropology became a formally organized discipline in Canada?

ANSWER: c

POINTS: 1

REFERENCES: p 21

39 The roots of modern Canadian physical anthropology can be traced to what organization?

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b The Royal Ontario Museum

ANSWER: a

POINTS: 1

REFERENCES: p 21

40 The earliest years of biological anthropology in Canada saw a research focus on what subfield?

ANSWER: d

POINTS: 1

REFERENCES: p 21

41 What are the five major subfields of anthropology, and what aspects of human experience do they investigate?

ANSWER: While many texts discuss four major subfields of North Americanist anthropology, this author presents

five—anthropological linguistics, cultural anthropology, biological anthropology, applied anthropology, and archaeology Anthropological linguistics studies the origin, evolution, and use (social context) of languages Cultural anthropology studies the structure and function of human societies, usually from a cross-cultural perspective Biological anthropology is the study of the biological origins, evolution, and contemporary diversity of humans and their primate relatives Applied anthropology emphasizes project-based, problem-oriented, practical applications of anthropological knowledge And archaeology is the systematic study of past human lifeways through and analysis of human interactions with, and

modification of, the environment

POINTS: 1

REFERENCES: p 4–8

42 Using an example, define and explain the biocultural approach taken by anthropologists

ANSWER: The biocultural approach is a research perspective that recognizes the inter-relationship of biology and

the many facets of culture There are several examples of biocultural research projects provided in the text, but the work of Kurki and colleagues is specifically highlighted as being an exemplar of biocultural anthropology work Their comparative study of body-size proportionality in small-bodied foragers from past and present South African and Andaman Island populations has successfully integrated aspects of cultural anthropology, archaeology, and anthropological linguistics with biological anthropology to allow them to get a fuller understanding of their research question

POINTS: 1

REFERENCES: p 8

43 Who was Kwäday Dän Ts’ínchi? How does the investigation of his remains exemplify a community-based research project?

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ANSWER: Kwäday Dän Ts’ínchi (Long Ago Person Found) is the name given to the partial remains of a young man

that were discovered in 1999 as they emerged from melting glacial ice in northwestern British Columbia

He was found with artifacts such as clothing and hunting implements The ability to reconstruct the past life of this person relied on exceptional cooperation and the goodwill of members of the scientific community, First Nation elders, band leaders, and community members

POINTS: 1

REFERENCES: p 10

44 Explain why biological anthropologists are interested in nonhuman primate biology and behaviour

ANSWER: Primatologists study nonhuman primates for two major reasons: 1) primates are inherently interesting

and live fascinating lives beyond the realm of human experience; and 2) because we are closely related

to nonhuman primates (in some cases, very closely), we study primates to study ourselves In this sense, primates serves as models for how our ancestors might have lived and behaved in certain contexts

POINTS: 1

REFERENCES: p 14

45 Explain why Johann Friedrich Blumenbach’s classification of human varieties was “racial” but not “racist.”

ANSWER: Johann Friedreich Blumenbach (1752–1840) was a comparative anatomist who is often credited as being

one of the forefathers of the old physical anthropology He worked to classify humans into groups that could be called “races” based on the comparative study of individuals’ skulls using craniometry (the metrical assessment of the size and shape of the human skull) While his categories may have been

“racial” in terms of trying to identify discreet human types, it was not “racist” as we understand the term today Blumenbach did not equate his types of humans with set possibilities and limitations of ability or certain kinds of behaviour, as someone with a more racist agenda would Instead he saw the varieties of

“man” as grading into one another over geographic distance and having more to do with opportunity than innate character

POINTS: 1

46 What is unique about the anthropological approach to understanding human variation?

ANSWER: In answering this question, students should touch on several key perspectives that make for a uniquely

anthropological perspective on studying human variation These include:multi- and inter-disciplinarity (drawing from and contributing to many other fields that study humankind); holism (the integrated study

of all aspects of human life in order to develop and comprehensive view of the whole of the human condition); and the biocultural perspective (a research perspective that recognizes the inter-relationship between biology and the many facets of culture)

POINTS: 1

47 Discuss the “globesity” pandemic and the factors contributing to the high prevalence of OW–OB among children of First Nations ancestry

ANSWER: “Globesity” is a term sometimes used to refer to what the World Health Organization (WHO) refers to as

the overweight and obesity (OW–OB) pandemic The prevalence of OW–OB in First Nations

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communities is significantly higher than it is in other parts of the Canadian population As Box 1.1 explains, this higher prevalence is not rooted in ancestral biology, but in history and political economy Exploration of the social determinants of health (e.g., education, income, housing, family structure, etc.), which are grounded in colonial and post-colonial histories, allow for broader and more nuanced

understanding of the variation in human biological outcomes

POINTS: 1

REFERENCES: p 7

48 Name/describe three of the major subfields of biological anthropology that require knowledge of the human skeleton How do anthropologists use this knowledge to answer questions about human behaviour?

ANSWER: Major subfields of biological anthropology that require knowledge of the human skeleton included

osteology, paleopathology, and paleoanthropology Osteology is the descriptive and comparative study

of bones and teeth Osteology involves the determination of sex, age at death, growth and development, biological affinities, environmental adaptations, signs of cultural practices, paleodietary reconstruction, etc Paleopathology is the study of ancient disease and trauma and produces insights regarding stress, violence, and infectious and parasitic diseases, and can thus provide perspectives on past health and adaptation Paleoanthropology is the study of human evolution through fossils This work involves the discovery of new hominin ancestors, documenting hominin diversity and adaptations, and reconstructing the evolutionary relationships that link us to our ancient bipedal ancestors

POINTS: 1

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