Solution manual for materials science and engineering properties 1st edition by gilmore

A design requires a material that must have a high melting temperature, high stiffness, high compressive strength, low density, and low cost.. Which of the following materials is most li

Chapter 1 Introduction Homework Solutions Concept Questions

1 If the atoms are in irregular arrangements, the material is amorphous

2 In a crystal the atoms are in regular arrangements

3 The structure at dimensions of 10-9 m is called nanostructure

4 The materials that engineers have available for use in designs include metals, ceramics, plastics, andcomposite materials

5 Alumina (Al2O3) is a(n) ceramic material

6 Ceramics are often used in high temperature applications

7 The process of bonding small solid particles together at high temperature without

melting them is called sintering

8 Iron is classified as a(n) metal

9 Alloysare mixtures of metal elements with other elements

10 Bronzeis an alloy of copper and tin

11 Deformation is when a body is changed in shape

12 A material that can permanently deform extensively before breaking is plastic

13 A brittle material is one that breaks without any significant permanent deformation and with little absorption of energy

14 A negative mechanical property of ceramics is that they are brittle

15 The bodies of most automobiles are made of low-carbon steel

16 The strength of low-carbon steel used in automobile bodies is achieved by cold

forming

17 Polymers are molecules with many repeating units

18 The mer is the basic building block of a polymer

20 In the process of vulcanization the LCMs in latex are bonded together with sulfur

atoms to produce rubber

21 The most important properties of polymers are their low density and their high

corrosion resistance

22 In high-strength OUHMWPE, the LCMs are oriented parallel to the fiber axis

23 Composite materials are made of at least two separate materials that maintain their

identity in the combined material

24 The matrix in a composite material is continuous

25 The function of the glass fibers in fiberglass is to increase the strength

26 One of the most important mechanical properties of metals is their capacity for plastic

deformation

27 One of the most important physical properties of ceramics is their high melting

temperature

28 One of the most important physical properties of polymers is their low density

29 A metal or ceramic composed of many small crystals is a(n) polycrystal

30 The base metal in most jet-engine turbine blades is nickel

31 A major factor limiting the use of single crystal gas turbine blades is cost

Engineer in Training-Style Questions

1 The smelting of a metal (a) Raises the temperature above the melting point

(b) Separates the metal from the ore

(c) Deforms the metal into a shape

(d) Cools the metal very rapidly from a high temperature

2 What is the first known human-made material?

(a) Ceramic

(b) Bronze (c) Flint arrowheads (d) Copper

3 The oldest-known smelted iron dates to approximately what year?

(a) 27,000 BCE (b) 6000 BCE

(c) 2500 BCE

(d) 1000 BCE

4 Wrought iron is (a) Heated and then rapidly quenched into water (b) Packed in carbon to harden the iron

(c) Heated in carbon monoxide

(d) Deformed into shape

5 The maximum magnification of a typical light optical microscope is (a) 100,000 times

(b) 10,000 times

(c) 1000 times

(d) 100 times

6 A microscope that can view the surface of insulators with atomic resolution is (a) A scanning electron microscope

(b) A scanning tunneling microscope (c) A light optical microscope

(d) An atomic force microscope

7 Which of the following is not a property of a ceramic such as alumina?

(a) A high melting temperature

(b) A high resistance to fracture

(c) It is a good insulator

(d) It is inorganic

8 Which of the following is not a property of a polymer?

(a) Large molecules with repeating units (b) Can be either organic or inorganic

(c) A high density

(d) Good resistance to corrosion

9 The chassis of Formula 1 race cars is now made from (a) High-strength steel

(b) High-strength aluminum (c) High-strength polymers

(d) Graphite-fiber-reinforced epoxy

10 In the space shuttle, the areas exposed to the highest temperature are made of

(a) Graphite-fiber-reinforced carbon-carbon composite

(b) Silica tiles coated with silicon carbide

11 The highest-temperature aircraft gas-turbine blades are made from (a) Tungsten

(b) Single crystals of nickel-based alloys

(c) Polycrystals of nickel-based alloys (d) Alumina

12 Which of the following is not an appropriate use of OUHMWPE?

(a) Milk bottles

(b) Parachute lines (c) Bow string (d) Tug tow rope

13 A design project requires a TiNi wire to be shaped like the letter S at an operating temperature of 100°C (212°F) The selected TiNi atom arrangement starts to distort at a temperature of 90°C (194°F) and the distortion is finished at a temperature of 60°C (140°F) The wire was drawn straight at a temperature of 500°C (932°F), and the wire supplied is straight The wire is easily bent into the required S shape at room temperature What will be the shape of the wire at the operating temperature of 100°C (212°F)?

(a) S shaped (b) C shaped

(c) Straight

(d) The shape is impossible to know

14 A design requires a material that must have a high melting temperature, high stiffness, high compressive strength, low density, and low cost Which of the following materials is most likely to best satisfy the design requirements?

(a) Alumina ceramic

(b) Carbon steel (c) Polyethylene (d) Graphite-reinforced-epoxy composite

15 A design requires a material to operate at normal atmospheric temperatures, be subjected to small applied forces, and have a low density and a low cost Which of the following materials is most likely to best satisfy the design requirements?

(a) Alumina ceramic (b) Carbon steel

(c) Polyethylene

(d) Graphite-reinforced-epoxy composite

16 A design requires a material that must operate up to a temperature of 300°C (572°F), have a high resistance to deformation, a high strength, a high resistance to fracture, and a low cost Which of the following materials is most likely to best satisfy the design requirements?

(a) Alumina ceramic

(b) Low-carbon steel

(c) Polyethylene (d) Graphite-reinforced epoxy

17 A design requires a material that must operate up to temperature of 200°C (392°F), have a high resistance to deformation, a high strength, a high resistance to fracture, and a low density Highest performance is the most important design criteria Which of the following materials is most likely to best satisfy the design requirements?

(a) Alumina ceramic (b) Low-carbon steel (c) Polyethylene

(d) Graphite-reinforced epoxy

Design-Related Question

Based upon what you have learned in this chapter and what you have found in other sources, what are the current advantages and disadvantages of using low-carbon steel and graphite-reinforced epoxy as the chassis material for a low-cost automobile with a high fuel efficiency?

Low carbon steel Advantages:

1 Low cost of material

2 Low cost of manufacture

3 Known manufacturing processes and cost

4 High strength and resistance to fracture

5 Known design procedures

6 Known response to accidents

Disadvantages

1 High density Graphite reinforced epoxy Advantages:

1 High strength

Disadvantages

1 High cost of material and manufacturing

2 Unknown manufacturing procedures

3 Uncertain response to accidents

4 Less resistance to fracture than low carbon steel

5 Less well known design procedures