Tiếng Anh là một trong những môn thi bắt buộc của kỳ thi THPT Quốc gia bên cạnh môn Toán và Ngữ văn. Nhằm mục đích đánh giá và phân loại rõ ràng các thí sinh, cấu trúc đề thi tiếng Anh mỗi năm có nhiều sự thay đổi. Tuy nhiên, nếu nhìn vào cấu trúc đề thi, chúng ta nhận thấy tầm quan trọng của Câu đảo ngữ ( Inversion) cũng không ít đi chút nào. Điều này được thể hiện ở một số câu hỏi được trích dẫn từ đề thi một số năm gần đây.
Trang 1MỤC LỤC
LỜI MỞ ĐẦU……….… … … 1
NỘI DUNG Phần A Hệ thống kiến thức 3
Phần B.Các dạng bài tập với cấu trúc Đảo ngữ thường gặp 9
Phần C Hệ thống bài tập áp dụng, ma trận và lời giải .10
KẾT LUẬN … 29
TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO……….…… ………….…… 30
Trang 2
LỜI MỞ ĐẦU
Tiếng Anh là một trong những môn thi bắt buộc của kỳ thi THPT Quốc gia bên cạnh môn Toán và Ngữ văn Nhằm mục đích đánh giá và phân loại rõ ràng các thí sinh, cấu trúc đề thi tiếng Anh mỗi năm có nhiều sự thay đổi Tuy nhiên, nếu nhìn vào cấu trúc đề thi, chúng ta nhận thấy tầm quan trọng của Câu đảo ngữ ( Inversion) cũng không ít đi chút nào Điều này được thể hiện ở một số câu hỏi được trích dẫn từ đề thi một số năm gần đây
Đề thi THPT Quốc gia năm 2019 – Mã đề 402
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences
in the following questions.
Question 25: He badly suffered cyberbullying himself He realised the true dangers of social media
only then.
A Such was his suffering of cyberbullying that he didn’t realise the true dangers of social media
B Only when he had realised the true dangers of social media did he badly suffer cyberbullyinghimself
C But for his terrible suffering of cyberbullying, he wouldn’t realise the true dangers of social media
D, Not until he had badly suffered cyberbullying himself did he realise the true dangers of socialmedia
Đề thi THPT Quốc gia năm 2018 – Mã đề 401
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Question 14: Only after she from a severe illness did she realise the importance of good
health
A would recover B has recovered C had recovered D was recovering
Đề thi THPT Quốc gia năm 2017 – Mã đề 401
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in
meaning to each of the following questions.
Question 44 We survived that accident because we were wearing our seat belts.
A But for our seat belts, we would have survived that accident
B Had we not been wearing our seat belts, we wouldn't have survived that accident
C Without our seat belts, we could have survived that accident
D If we weren't wearing our seat belts, we couldn't have survived that accident
Thực tế, đây là một nội dung học sinh thấy khó bởi vì các cấu trúc câu đảo ngữ khá đa dạng, đồng thời có liên quan mật thiết đến các cấu trúc ngữ pháp khác.Do vậy, tôi luôn băn khoăn, trăn trở tìm biện pháp giúp các em học sinh có thêm hứng thú học cấu trúc câu đảo ngữ, có kiến thức sâu hơn cũng như làm quen với nhiều dạng bài tập khác nhau có sử dụng mẫu câu này Sau nhiều năm dạy ôn
thi THPT Quốc gia cũng như bồi dưỡng học sinh giỏi, tôi tổng hợp kiến thức viết chuyên để “ Câu
Trang 3đảo ngữ trong tiếng Anh ( The inversion of subject and verb in English ) ” áp dụng cho học sinh lớp
11 với thời lượng 6 tiết
Trang 4NỘI DUNG
A Hệ thống kiến thức.
Trong cuộc sống, chúng ta thường sử dụng những mẫu câu theo một trật tự thông thường Tuy nhiên,
để nhấn mạnh ý cần nói, chúng ta có thể thay đổi trật tự của câu nhưng không làm biến đổi nghĩa của câu, người ta gọi đó là “đảo ngữ”
I Định nghĩa và chức năng:
Đảo ngữ là dạng câu đảo trợ động từ hoặc động từ và trạng từ lên đầu câu để nhấn mạnh yếu tố quan trọng muốn đề cập trong câu Trong một số ít mẫu câu động từ chính được đảo lên trước chủ ngữ.Đảo ngữ là loại câu thường gặp cả trong giao tiếp và văn viết trong tiếng Anh
II Các dạng đảo ngữ.
1.Đảo ngữ với NO và NOT.
Câu thông thường: S + Verb + No + Noun
Câu đảo ngữ: No + Noun + Auxiliary + S + Verb
Câu thông thường: S + Auxiliary + not + Verb + Any + Noun
Câu đảo ngữ: Not any + Noun + Auxiliary + S + Verb
Eg: I shall lend you no money from now on
No money shall I lend you from now on
I shall not lend you any money from now on
Not any money shall I lend you from now on
He will spend no time reading these books
No time will he spend reading these books
He will not spend any time reading these books
Not any time will he spend reading these books
She did not shed a tear when the story ended in tragedy
Not a tear did she shed when the story ended in tragedy
2 Đảo ngữ với các trạng từ phủ định/ bán phủ định
NEVER ( không bao giờ, chưa bao giờ) ,
RARELY , SELDOM, BARELY, SCARCELY ( hiếm khi),
LITTLE ( hầu như không),
HARDLY EVER ( hầu như không bao giờ)
Câu thông thường : S + Adv + Verb + …
Câu đảo ngữ : Adv + Auxiliary + S + verb
Eg: It never snows in mid- summer
Never in mid-summer does it snow
I rarely get mark 10 in literature
Rarely do I mark 10 in literature
I seldom listen to Rock music
Trang 5 Seldom do I listen to Rock music
She little understands me
Little does she understand me
He hardly speaks in the public
Hardly ever does he speak in the public
I scarcely miss a football match on TV
Scarcely do I miss a football match on TV
3.Đảo ngữ với ONLY:
Only once ( chỉ một lần)
Only later ( chỉ sau này)
Only in this way ( chỉ bằng cách này)
Only in that way ( chỉ bằng cách đó)
Only then ( chỉ khi ấy)
Only after + Noun/ V-ing/Clause ( chỉ sau khi)
Only by + noun/ V-ing ( chỉ bằng cách)
Only when + clause ( chỉ khi)
Only if + clause ( chỉ nếu)
Only with + Noun ( chỉ với)
Only in + adverb of time/ place ( chỉ vào/ chỉ ở…)
Câu thông thường: S + Verb + only ………
Câu đảo ngữ: Only … + Auxiliary + S + Verb
Eg: I have met her only once
Only once have I met her
I knew that I had made a serious mistake only later
Only later did I know that I had made a serious mistake
We shall be successful only in this way
Only in this way shall we be successful
I realized that I had left my passport at home only then
Only then did I realize that I had left my passport at home
He realized that he had forgotten to put on a stamp only after posting the letter Only after posting the letter did he realize that he had forgotten to put on a stamp
We could relax only after all the guests had gone home
Only after all the guests had gone home could we relax
The workers called off the strike only after a new pay offer
Only after a new pay offer did the workers call off the strike
I knew that he was still alive only when I received his letter
Trang 6Only when I received his letter did I know that he was still alive
We can pass the exam only by working hard
Only by working hard can we pass the exam
I shall pass the exam only if you help me
Only if you help me shall I pass the exam
You can buy a house in Hanoi only with a big sum of money
Only with a big sum of money can you buy a house in Hanoi
There is this kind of flower only in April
Only in April is there this kind of flower
4.Đảo ngữ với các cụm từ có NO:
At no time ( chưa từng bao giờ…
On no condition ( tuyệt đối không…)
On no account ( Với bất cứ lý do gì cũng không…)
Under/In no circumstances ( Trong bất kỳ hoàn cảnh nào cũng không…)
For no reason ( không vì lý do gì)
In no way ( không còn cách nào)
No longer / No more ( không còn)
No where ( không ở đâu)
By no means ( không thể nào)
Câu thông thường: S + auxiliary + not + Verb + … + ( Preposition) any + ……
S + no … + Verb +……
Câu đảo ngữ: (Preposition) No + …… Auxiliary + S + Verb +……
Eg: He never knew she came from a rich family
At no time did he know she came from a rich family
I no longer work for them
No longer do I work for them
Passengers are not permitted to open the door themselves under any circumstance
Under no circumstance are passengers permitted to open the doors themselves The outcome of the election was never in doubt
At no time was the outcome of the election in doubt
You mustn’t touch the switch on any account
On no account must you touch the switch
We shall not accept their proposal on any condition
On no condition shall we accept their proposal
You mustn’t cheat in your exam for any reason
For no reason must you cheat in your exam
I am not interested in politics any longer
No longer am I interested in politics
Trang 75 Đảo ngữ với: No sooner … than …….; Hardly/ Barely/ Scarcely… when/before … ( Vừa mới ….thì…)
Câu thông thường : S + had + no sooner + Vpp + than + S + Vpast
S + had + hardly/barely/ scarcely + Vpp + when + S + Vpast
Câu đảo ngữ: No sooner + had + S + Vpp + than + S + Vpast
Hardly / Barely / Scarcely + had + S + Vpp + when / before + S + Vpast
Eg: I had no sooner arrived home than the phone rang
No sooner had I arrived home than the phone rang
I had hardly arrived home when the phone rang
Hardly had I arrived home when the phone rang
6.Đảo ngữ với Not only…… but ….also (không những…… mà còn… )
Câu thông thường : S + not only + Verb + but + S + also + Verb + …
Câu đảo ngữ: Not only + auxiliary + S + Verb (inf) + but …… also…
Eg He is not only good at English but he can also draw very well
Not only is he good at English but he can also draw very well
She not only sings well but she also plays musical instruments perfecctly
Not only does she sing well but she also plays musical instruments perfectly
7 Đảo ngữ với So … that
Câu thông thường: S + be + so + Adj + that + S + Verb
S + Verb + so + Adj/Adv + that + S + Verb
Câu đảo ngữ: So + Adj + be + S + that + S + verb
So + Adj / Adv + auxiliary + S + Verb + that + S + verb
Eg: He worked so hard that he forgot his lunch
So hard did he work that he forgot his lunch
The play is so popular that the theatre is likely to be full every night
So popular is the play that the theatre is likely to be full every night
8 Đảo ngữ với Such … That
Câu thông thường: S + be + such + ( a/an ) + Adj + Noun + that + S + Verb
Câu đảo ngữ: Such + (a/an) +Adj + Noun + be + that + S + verb
Such + be + ( a/an ) + Adj + Noun + that + S + verb
Note: trong trường hợp BE SO MUCH/GREAT đổi thành SUCH BE NOUN
Eg: The play is so popular that the theatre is likely to be full every night
Trang 8Such is the popularity of the play that the theatre is likely to be full every night She is so beautiful that I can’t take my eyes off her
Such is her beauty that I can’t take my eyes off her
The force of the storm was so great that trees were uprooted
Such was the force of the storm that trees were uprooted
Her grief is so great that she almost fainted
Such is her grief that she almost fainted
9 Đảo ngữ với Not until/till ( then/ later)
Câu thông thường: S + ( not ) + verb + until/ till + noun / Ving / Clause
Câu dảo ngữ: Not until/till + Noun/ Ving / Clause + Auxiliary + S + V …
Eg: He couldn’t speak until he was eight
Not until/till he was eight could he speak
10.Đảo ngữ trong câu điều kiện.
a Câu điều kiện loại 1:
Câu thông thường: If + S1 + Verb (s/es), S2 + will/ modal Verb + Vinf
Câu đảo ngữ: Should + S1 + Vinf , S2 + will/ modal Verb + Vinf
Eg: If you hear the fire alarm, leave the building at once
Should you hear the fire alarm, leave the building at once
If anybody phones me, please tell them I’m busy
Should anybody phone me, please tell them I’m busy
b Câu điều kiện loại 2:
* Có động từ “ TO BE ”:
Câu thông thường: If + S1 + were + …, S2 + would + Vinf + …
Câu đảo ngữ: Were + S1 + …., S2 + would + Vinf
Eg: If I were you, I wouldn’t do that
Were I you, I wouldn’t do that
*Có động từ thường:
Câu thông thường: If + S1 + Vpast, S2 + would + Vinf
Câu đảo ngữ: Were + S1 + to Vinf , S2 + would + Vinf
Eg: If he worked more slowly, he wouldn’t make many mistakes
Were he to work more slowly, he wouldn’t make many mistakes
c Câu điều kiện loại 3:
Câu thông thường: If + S1 + had + Vpp , S2 + would + have + Vpp
Câu đảo ngữ: Had + S1 + Vpp , S2 + would + have + Vpp
Eg: If they had realized the danger, they would have done it differently
Trang 9Had they realized the danger, they would have done it differently.
Note: Đối với cả ba loại câu điều kiện, nếu mệnh đề IF là phủ định thì ta đặt NOT sau chủ từ
Eg:If you don’t believe what I said, ask your mother
Should you not believe what I said, ask your mother
If she were not shy, she would have a good time at the party
Were she not shy, she would have a good time at the party
If I hadn’t seen it, I wouldnt have believed it
Had I not seen it, I wouldnt have believed it
11 Đảo ngữ với Neither/ Nor và So:
Câu đảo ngữ: S1 + auxiliary + not + Verb , and neither / nor + auxiliary + S2
S1 + Verb, and + so + S2
Eg: They don’t like chicken, and neither/nor do I
She can play the guitar, and so can I
* ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI NEITHER……… NOR :
Câu thông thường: S + Verb + neither + … nor + ……
Câu đảo ngữ: Neither + auxiliary + S + Verb + nor + ……
Eg: There is neither excitement nor entertainment in this small town
Neither is there excitement nor entertainment in this small town
12 Đảo ngữ trong so sánh với As và Than.
Câu thông thường: S1 + Verb +…, as + S2 + auxiliary
Câu đảo ngữ: S1 + Verb + , as + auxiliary + S2
Eg: The cake was excellent, as the coffee was
The cake was excellent, as was the coffee
I thought, as my friend did, that the exam would be difficult
I thought, as did my friend, that the exam would be difficult
He has more money than you do
He has more money than do you
13 Đảo ngữ sau các trạng ngữ chỉ phương hướng hoặc vị trí.
Khi câu có một từ hoặc một cụm trạng ngữ chỉ phương hướng hoặc vị trí thì nội động từ được đảo lêntrước chủ ngữ
Câu thông thường: S + Verb + Adv
Câu đảo ngữ: Adv + Verb + S
Eg:David began to open the parcels A dictionary was inside the first
David began to open the parcels Inside the first was a dictionary
A portrait of Lenin was above the blackboard
Above the blackboard was a portrait of Lenin
Trang 10His father sat in an armchair
In an armchair sat his father
Note:
-Động từ TO BE thường được sử dụng trong dạng đảo ngữ này, ngoài ra ta còn dùng các nội động từ chỉ sự chuyển động như: CLIMB, COME, FLY, GO, HANG, LIE, RUN, SIT, STAND, ……
-Thường chỉ dùng dạng đảo ngữ này khi động từ ở thì quá khứ đơn
-Trường hợp đảo ngữ này, không sử dụng trợ động từ mà sử dụng trực tiếp động từ đặt trước chủ từ.-Không đảo ngữ khi chủ từ là đại từ
(sai): In an armchair sat she
14 Đảo ngữ với Adj + as = Although
Câu thông thường: Although + S + Verb
Câu đảo ngữ: Adj + as + S + Verb
Eg :Although science has accomplished much in this century, there’s still more to be done
Much as science has accomplished in this century, there’s still more to be done
Although advertisements are different, they share the same purpose
Different as advertisements are, they share the same purpose
B.Các dạng bài tập với cấu trúc Đảo ngữ thường gặp.
1 Dạng viết lại câu tự luận.
Eg:Tear gas was released as soon as the thieves touched the safe
No sooner
No sooner had the thieves touched the safe than tear gas was released.
2 Dạng viết lại câu trắc nghiệm.
Eg: John stops smoking
A John does not smoke no longer B John smokes any longer
C No longer does John smoke D Any longer John smokes
3 Dạng kết hợp câu.
Eg: The coach changed his tactics in the second half His football team won the match
A But for the coach's change of tactics in the second half, his football team could have wonthe match
B Only if the coach had changed his tactics in the second half could his football team have won the match
C Had it not been for the coach's change of tactics in the second half, his football team wouldn't have won the match.
D Not until his football team had won the match did the coach change his tactics in thesecond half
4 Dạng điền khuyết.
Eg: Hardly ……… at the bus stop when the next bus came
Trang 11A they had arrived B do they arrive C arrived they D had they arrived
Exercise 1 ( Thông hiểu)
1 No longer ……… to do all her housework with her husband because our family now owns somenew labour-saving devices
C does my mother has D does my mother have
2 No sooner had he sat down to lunch ……… there was a knock at the door
3 Never before ……… such a beautiful girl
A have I met B have I meet C I have met D did I meet
4 Rarely …… out after 9.00
A does my sister go B did my sister go
C my sister goes D my sister does go
5 Hardly ……… asleep when the phone woke him up
A the doctor fell B the doctor had fallen
C did the doctor fall D had the doctor fallen
6 Edward ……… goes to bed before midnight
A hardly never B seldom never C hardly ever D almost ever
7 No sooner ………than the boss came in
A he had left B had he left C he was leaving D was he leaving
8 Not only ……… to take the medicine, but he also hit the nurse
A he refused B does he refuse C he was refused D did he refuse
9 Hardly had he left home ……… the telephone rang
10 Not only ……… the book but he had seen the film as well
11 No longer ……… them to go to the music club
A their parents allow B does their parents allow
C do their parents allow D has their parents allow
12 Only because she had to support her family ……… to leave school
A that Alice decides B did Alice decide C does Alice decide D Alice decided
Trang 1213 Hardly ……… at the bus stop when the next bus came.
A they had arrived B do they arrive C arrived they D had they arrived
14 So surprised at the news ……… that he couldn’t say anything
A did he become B he became C does he become D did he became
15 Not only ……… shade and beauty, but they also reduce carbon dioxide
A trees provide B provide trees C do trees provide D trees do provide
16 My grandfather ……… sleeps more than an hour a night
17 Not only ……… profits, but it also had to lay off workers
18 ……… so many people been out of work as today
A In the past, there never have B Never before have
C More than ever before D Formerly, there never were
19 It was only then ……… how much I owed to her
A had I realize B that I realized C did I realize D I did realize
20 Only by booking in advance ……… stay ion the room you like
24 In no time ……… know the result of the recognition
A the public will B will the public C the public D does the public
25 ……… in medicine relieve distress but they also prevent and cure illness
A Do computers B computers C Computers not only D Not only do
computers
26 ……… reptiles hunt at temperatures of 120C or below
A Seldom do B Do seldom C Do D Seldom
27 ……… learn during their sleep by listening to tape records
A People rarely can B Can people rarely
C Rarely can people D Can rarely people
28 ……… continental crust older than 200 million years
A It is nowhere the B Nowhere is the C Is nowhere the D Is the nowhere
29 Not only ……… in the field of psychology but animal behavior is examined as well
A human behavior is studied B is human behavior studied
C is studied human behavior D human behavior
30.Only when he started working with her, …… that she was intelligent
A he had realized B did he realize C he did realized D he realized
31 ………….worked outside the home as nowadays
A Never so many women have B Never have so many women
C The women are not never D The women who have never
32.No longer ………… any pleasure to do this job
Trang 13A I do have B do I have C do have I D I have
33.Only when you grow up ………….the truth
A you will know B will you know C you know D do you know
34.No sooner had he arrived home ………… he was called out again
35……… had the restaurant opened …… people were flocking to eat there
C No sooner… than D Hardly that
36.Down ………… for three days
A the rain poured B did the rain pour
C poured the rain D do the rain pour
37.Out ………… the children when the bell rang
A did the children run B ran the children
C run the children D do the children run
38.Such ………… that he would stop at nothing
A his ambition was B did his ambition
C does his ambition D was his ambition
39.Only once ……… late to school
A he came B did he came C came he D did he come
40.He no longer collects stamps as he used to No longer …………
A he collects stamps as he used to B does he collects stamps as he used to
C does he collect stamps as he used to D doesn’t he collect stamps as he used to it
41 ……… , all the matter is formed of molecules
A It doesn’t matter if the complex B It’s not a complex matter
C No matter how complex it is D How complex is not a matter
42.No more ……… to worry about the future sources of energy
A don’t we have B we don’t have C do we have D we do have
43.Hardly ………… asleep when the phone woke him up again
A had the doctor fallen B did the doctor fall
C the doctor fell D the doctor has fallen
44.Not until darkness fell ……… he hadn’t done half of his work
C that he didn’t realize D didn’t he realize
45.Seldom ………… of Nancy Johnson as coloured
A her classmates thought B thought her classmates
C her classmates did think D did her school classmates think
46 On the hill ………… a big pine tree
A stands B stand C does D standing
47 Not once ……… into her eyes
Trang 14A he looked B does he looks C did he look D he was looking
48 Not until next year ……… take place
A the new tax change will B will the new tax change
C the new tax changes D they change the new tax
49.Not until a monkey is several years old … …to exhibit signs of independence from its mother
A it begins B does it begin C and begin D is it begin
50.………… did Jerome accept the job
A.Only because it was interesting work. B Because it was an interesting work
B.Only because it was interested work D The work was interesting
51……… great was the destruction that the south took decades to recovered
52………….….when the Charges found themselves 7-0 down
A Hardly had the games begun B Hardly the games had begun
C The games had hardly begun D Hardly had begun the games
53.Not until the fist land plants developed………
A land animals appeared B did land animals appear
C would land animals appear D the land animals appeared
54.Not until it was too late ……… I call Susan
A I remembered B did I remember C did I rememberedD I did remember
55 Never before ……… such a wonderful child
56 Hardly had we settle down in our seats ……… the lights went out
57 Only after checking three times …………certain of the answer Jim promised that never would
he tell anyone else
58 Only when he is here, ………
A he speaks English B does he speak English
C he can speak English D he does speak English
59 Never ………… me again
A will she love B she loves C she won’t love D she will love
60 Not only ………… but she is also intelligent
A she is beautiful B beautiful she is
C is she beautiful D beautiful is she
61 No sooner …… out than it rained
A did I go B I went C had I gone D I had gone
62 Seldom ………… the guitar
A he plays B does he play C he doesn’t play D he does play
63 Often ………… a meeting
Trang 15A do we have B we do have C have we D we have
64 Many a time ……… he wants to marry me
A said he B he said C has he said D he has said
65 Only at weekend ………… my kids to Water Park
A I don’t take B do I take C I take D I do take
66 So old ………… that she couldn’t dance
A she wasn’t B she was C wasn’t she D was she
67 ……… here yesterday, you would have met me
A Were you B You were C Had you been D You had been
68 On the battle field ……
A the tanks did lie B the tanks lay
C did the tanks lie D lay the tanks
69 Nowhere ……… such cooperative staff
A you can find B you found
C you could find D can you find
70 Never before ………… in an earnest attempt to resolve their differences
A have the leaders of these two countries met
B the leaders of these two countries have meet
C have the leaders of these two countries meet
D met the leaders of these two countries
71 Only by studying hard ……… this exam
A can you pass B you can pass
C pass you can D can pass you
72 Seldom ……… a newspaper
A buy Anna B does Anna buy
C bought Anna D Anna does buy
73.Out ………… from its tiny cage
A does the bird fly B fly the bird
C did the bird fly D flew the bird
74 It was …….a victory that even Smith’s fans couldn’t believe it
A.such surprising B.too surprising
C.so surprising D surprising enough
75 Such ……… that we all felt numb
A a cold weather was B was a cold weather
C cold the weather D was cold weather
76 .Not until …….himself seriously ill
A.he had completed the task did he find. B.had he completed the task did he find.C.had he completed the task he found D did he completed the task he had found
77 Rarely …… out after 9.00